A - 34Examining the Relationship Between Apathy and Depression with Cerebral Amyloid and Hippocampal Atrophy Among Cognitively Normal and Cognitively Impaired Older Adults

Abstract Objectives Peripheral insulin resistance (IR) and impaired glucose metabolism increases the risk for cognitive decline. However, data looking at peripheral IR's relationship with cognition in cognitively normal adults is limited. This study aimed to assess the relationship between peripheral IR and tests of speed of processing (SOP) in cognitively normal older adults using a novel IR measure. Methods Baseline data from 56 cognitively normal older adults participating in a nutrition intervention study (Nutrition Interventions for Cognitive Enhancement study; NICE study) were analyzed. Fasting blood draws were attained, and peripheral IR was measured using Quest Diagnostics’ Cardio IQ Insulin Resistance Panel (Test Code: 36,509). A cognitive battery was conducted by a trained psychometrician. Z-Scores of the Digit Symbol Substitution Test, Stroop Color, Stroop Word, Stroop Interference, and Stroop Letter Number Sequencing and Crossing-Off tests were combined to give a global SOP score. We constructed ordinary least squares regression models to assess IR's relationships with individual SOP tests and global SOP, including age and education as covariates. Statistical analyses were performed using R (v. 3.6.2; R Foundation, Vienna, Austria). Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results Participants were 77% female and had a mean age of 72.1 ± 4.9 years. Higher IR scores were related to poorer performance on the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (β = −0.26, P = 0.04). IR scores were not related to other individual cognitive tests: Stroop Color (β = −0.17, P = 0.20), Stroop Word (β = −0.19, P = 0.11), Stroop Interference (β = −0.14, P = 0.28), Stroop Letter Number Sequencing (β = 0.03, P = 0.83), Crossing-Off (β = −0.18, P = 0.15), or Global SOP (β = −0.20, P = 0.11). Conclusions There was a relationship between higher IR scores and poorer performance on the Digit Symbol Substitution Test. Although other SOP tests were not significantly correlated with IR scores, directionality of the relationships indicated trend for higher IR being related to lower SOP. Consequently, maintaining insulin sensitivity with healthy lifestyle choices may be important for healthy aging. Future analyses with a larger sample size will be more informative for understanding the relationship between IR and SOP. Funding Sources National Institute on Aging.

Download Full-text

Alcohol consumption and cognitive impairment among Korean older adults: does gender matter?

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610213001919 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 335-340 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Jiyoung Lyu ◽

Seungah Hannah Lee

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Gender Differences ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Service Providers ◽

Cognitively Impaired ◽

Heavy Drinkers ◽

Prevention And Treatment ◽

Using Data ◽

The Relationship

ABSTRACTBackground:This study investigated gender differences in the relationship between alcohol consumption and cognitive impairment among older adults in South Korea.Methods:Using data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing, 2,471 females and 1,657 males were analyzed separately. Cognitive impairment was measured based on the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Exam score. Logistic regression was conducted to examine the relationship between alcohol consumption and cognitive impairment among Korean older adults.Results:Multivariate analysis showed that compared to moderate drinkers, past drinkers were more likely to be cognitively impaired for women, while heavy drinkers were more likely to be cognitively impaired for men.Conclusions:Findings suggest that the relationship between alcohol consumption and cognition varies with gender. Clinicians and service providers should consider gender differences when developing strategies for the prevention and treatment of alcohol-related cognitive decline among older adults.

Download Full-text

Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Amyloid Accumulation in Preclinical Alzheimer's: A 1-Year Randomized Controlled Trial

10.1101/2020.08.03.20167684 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Eric Vidoni ◽

Jill K Morris ◽

Amber Watts ◽

Mark Perry ◽

Jon Clutton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Brain Volume ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Brain Health ◽

Cognitively Normal ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Amyloid Accumulation ◽

Cerebral Amyloid

Background: Our goal was to investigate the role of physical exercise to protect brain health as we age, including the potential to mitigate Alzheimer's-related pathology. We assessed the effect of 52 weeks of a supervised aerobic exercise program on amyloid accumulation, cognitive performance, and brain volume in cognitively normal older adults with elevated and sub-threshold levels of cerebral amyloid as measured by amyloid PET imaging. Methods and Findings: This 52-week randomized controlled trial compared the effects of 150 minutes per week of aerobic exercise vs. education control intervention. A total of 117 older adults (mean age 72.9 [7.7]) without evidence of cognitive impairment, with elevated (n=79) or subthreshold (n=38) levels of cerebral amyloid were randomized, and 110 participants completed the study. Exercise was conducted with supervision and monitoring by trained exercise specialists. We conducted 18F-AV45 PET imaging of cerebral amyloid and anatomical MRI for whole brain and hippocampal volume at baseline and Week 52 follow-up to index brain health. Neuropsychological tests were conducted at baseline, Week 26, and Week 52 to assess executive function, verbal memory, and visuospatial cognitive domains. Cardiorespiratory fitness testing was performed at baseline and Week 52 to assess response to exercise. The aerobic exercise group significantly improved cardiorespiratory fitness (11% vs. 1% in the control group) but there were no differences in change measures of amyloid, brain volume, or cognitive performance compared to control. Conclusions: Aerobic exercise was not associated with reduced amyloid accumulation in cognitively normal older adults with cerebral amyloid. In spite of strong systemic cardiorespiratory effects of the intervention, the observed lack of cognitive or brain structure benefits suggests brain benefits of exercise reported in other studies are likely to be related to non-amyloid effects.

Download Full-text

Acculturation and depressive symptoms in latino caregivers of cognitively impaired older adults

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610214000490 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 26 (9) ◽

pp. 1521-1530 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Oanh L. Meyer ◽

Sue Geller ◽

Emily He ◽

Hector M. González ◽

Ladson Hinton

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Female Gender ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Health Concern ◽

Future Research ◽

Cognitively Impaired ◽

Language Acculturation ◽

Latino Caregivers ◽

The Relationship

ABSTRACTBackground:Caregiving for older adults is a growing public health concern because of the negative psychological effects it has on caregivers. Despite the growing Latino caregiver population, little is known regarding how the effects of acculturation on caregiver depressive symptoms might vary by caregiver age. This study aimed to examine the relationship between language acculturation and depressive symptoms in Latino caregivers, and to test whether this relationship was moderated by age.Methods:Ninety-four Latino caregivers of cognitively impaired older adults with and without dementia were identified through an ongoing epidemiological cohort study. Caregivers were interviewed in their homes, in either Spanish or English. A Poisson regression was used to analyze the caregiver characteristics associated with caregiver depressive symptoms.Results:Language acculturation was positively associated with caregiver depressive symptoms, as was age, female gender, and being married or living with someone. Those with excellent or good health and who had spent more than one year caregiving had lower depressive symptoms. Finally, the positive relationship between language acculturation and depressive symptoms was increased in older caregivers.Conclusions:Language acculturation appears to be a risk factor for depressive symptoms in Latino caregivers of cognitively impaired older adults. The relationship between language acculturation and depressive symptoms is complex such that caregiver age and health status further nuance this relationship. Future research should explore the independent and interactive effects of these variables on depressive symptoms.

Download Full-text

Cerebral Amyloid Deposition and Dual-Tasking in Cognitively Normal, Mobility Unimpaired Older Adults

The Journals of Gerontology Series A ◽

10.1093/gerona/glw211 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. glw211 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Neelesh K. Nadkarni ◽

Oscar L. Lopez ◽

Subashan Perera ◽

Stephanie A. Studenski ◽

Beth E. Snitz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Amyloid Deposition ◽

Dual Tasking ◽

Cognitively Normal ◽

Cerebral Amyloid

Download Full-text

Effect of aerobic exercise on amyloid accumulation in preclinical Alzheimer’s: A 1-year randomized controlled trial

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0244893 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. e0244893

Author(s):

Eric D. Vidoni ◽

Jill K. Morris ◽

Amber Watts ◽

Mark Perry ◽

Jon Clutton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Brain Volume ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Brain Health ◽

Cognitively Normal ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Amyloid Accumulation ◽

Cerebral Amyloid

Background Our goal was to investigate the role of physical exercise to protect brain health as we age, including the potential to mitigate Alzheimer’s-related pathology. We assessed the effect of 52 weeks of a supervised aerobic exercise program on amyloid accumulation, cognitive performance, and brain volume in cognitively normal older adults with elevated and sub-threshold levels of cerebral amyloid as measured by amyloid PET imaging. Methods and findings This 52-week randomized controlled trial compared the effects of 150 minutes per week of aerobic exercise vs. education control intervention. A total of 117 underactive older adults (mean age 72.9 [7.7]) without evidence of cognitive impairment, with elevated (n = 79) or subthreshold (n = 38) levels of cerebral amyloid were randomized, and 110 participants completed the study. Exercise was conducted with supervision and monitoring by trained exercise specialists. We conducted 18F-AV45 PET imaging of cerebral amyloid and anatomical MRI for whole brain and hippocampal volume at baseline and Week 52 follow-up to index brain health. Neuropsychological tests were conducted at baseline, Week 26, and Week 52 to assess executive function, verbal memory, and visuospatial cognitive domains. Cardiorespiratory fitness testing was performed at baseline and Week 52 to assess response to exercise. The aerobic exercise group significantly improved cardiorespiratory fitness (11% vs. 1% in the control group) but there were no differences in change measures of amyloid, brain volume, or cognitive performance compared to control. Conclusions Aerobic exercise was not associated with reduced amyloid accumulation in cognitively normal older adults with cerebral amyloid. In spite of strong systemic cardiorespiratory effects of the intervention, the observed lack of cognitive or brain structure benefits suggests brain benefits of exercise reported in other studies are likely to be related to non-amyloid effects. Trial registration NCT02000583; ClinicalTrials.gov.

Download Full-text

Hippocampal and cortical mechanisms at retrieval explain variability in episodic remembering in older adults

eLife ◽

10.7554/elife.55335 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alexandra N Trelle ◽

Valerie A Carr ◽

Scott A Guerin ◽

Monica K Thieu ◽

Manasi Jayakumar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Episodic Memory ◽

Memory Decline ◽

Cognitively Normal ◽

Pattern Completion ◽

Age Related ◽

Hippocampal Activity ◽

Fundamental Process ◽

Individual Memory ◽

The Relationship

Age-related episodic memory decline is characterized by striking heterogeneity across individuals. Hippocampal pattern completion is a fundamental process supporting episodic memory. Yet, the degree to which this mechanism is impaired with age, and contributes to variability in episodic memory, remains unclear. We combine univariate and multivariate analyses of fMRI data from a large cohort of cognitively normal older adults (N=100) to measure hippocampal activity and cortical reinstatement during retrieval of trial-unique associations. Trial-wise analyses revealed that (a) hippocampal activity scaled with reinstatement strength, (b) cortical reinstatement partially mediated the relationship between hippocampal activity and associative retrieval, (c) older age weakened cortical reinstatement and its relationship to memory behaviour. Moreover, individual differences in the strength of hippocampal activity and cortical reinstatement explained unique variance in performance across multiple assays of episodic memory. These results indicate that fMRI indices of hippocampal pattern completion explain within- and across-individual memory variability in older adults.

Download Full-text

Mild behavioral impairment is related to frailty in cognitively normal older adults: a cross-sectional study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-34750/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shaoyi Fan ◽

Ximin Liang ◽

Tianchan Yun ◽

Zhong Pei ◽

Bin Hu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽

Behavioral Impairment ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cognitively Normal ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background: Frailty and cognitive decline are highly prevalent among older adults. However, the relationship between frailty and mild behavioral impairment (MBI), a neurobehavioral syndrome characterized by later-life emergence of sustained neuropsychiatric symptoms, has yet to be elucidated.We aimed to evaluate the associations between mild behavioral impairment and frailty in cognitively normal older adults.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. A consecutive series of 137 cognitively normal older adults in the Anti-Aging study, recruited from primary care clinics, were enrolled. Frailty was estimated using the original Fried phenotype. MBI was evaluated by the Mild Behavioral Impairment Checklist at a cut-off point of >8 (optimizing sensitivity and specificity), which was developed to assess emergent neuropsychiatric symptoms in accordance with the MBI criteria. Cognition was assessed with the Chinese versions of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-BC) and Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE). Multivariate logistic regression was performed to estimate the relationship between MBI and objective cognition with frailty status.Results: At baseline, 30.6% of the older adults had frailty, 35.0% had prefrailty and 18.2% had MBI (MBI+ status). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that compared to MBI- status (without MBI), MBI+ was more likely to have frailty (odds ratio [OR] = 7.44, p = 0.02). The frailty and MBI categories were both significantly associated with both MMSE and MoCA-BC score (p<0.05).Conclusions: Both frailty and MBI status are related to higher risk of cognitive impairment. MBI is significantly associated with an increased risk of having frailty before overt cognitive impairment. This association merits further study to identify strategies to the early detection, prevention and therapeutic intervention of frailty.

Download Full-text