Does vegetation change over 28 years affect habitat use and reproductive success?

Abstract Individuals should prefer and use habitats that confer high fitness, but habitat use is not always adaptive. Vegetation in natural landscapes changes gradually and the ability of species to adaptively adjust their habitat use to long-term changes is largely unstudied. We studied nest patch and territory use over 28 yr in Orange-crowned Warblers (Oreothlypis celata) in a system that has undergone natural long-term changes in vegetation. Abundance of maple (Acer grandidentatum), its preferred nesting habitat, gradually declined from 1987 to 2015. We examined whether habitat use and its fitness consequences changed as the availability of preferred habitat decreased. We used resource selection function models to determine changes over time in the probability of using a nest patch given available patches, and the probability of using a territory given available territories. We estimated nest survival to evaluate changes over time in the fitness consequences of nest patch use. We also compared habitat use (nest patch and territory) and fitness (nest survival) between areas with naturally reduced abundance of maple and experimentally increased abundance of maple (fenced areas). Nest patch use depended on maple abundance and did not change drastically across 28 yr, even though the availability of preferred maple patches decreased over time. In contrast, nest survival tended to decrease over time. We did not see differences in nest patch use and nest survival between unfenced and fenced areas, unlike territory use, which increased with the abundance of maple in fenced areas and decreased in unfenced areas. Our study depicts one example of relatively unchanged habitat use in the face of decreased availability of preferred vegetation across years, with a resulting decrease in reproductive success. Investigating changes in habitat use and fitness consequences for animals exposed to long-term habitat change is necessary to understand adaptive behavioral responses.

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Distinct Regional Changes Over Time In Lung Metabolic Activity In A Long-Term Model Of Endotoxin And Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury

10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a3693 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Tyler J. Wellman ◽

Nicolas de Prost ◽

Tilo Winkler ◽

Guido Musch ◽

Mauro Tucci ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Injury ◽

Metabolic Activity ◽

Ventilator Induced Lung Injury ◽

Term Model ◽

Changes Over Time ◽

Over Time

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Monitoring of agrophysical properties of the active layer of drained long-frozen peat deposits in Western Siberia

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202016407016 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 164 ◽

pp. 07016

Author(s):

Vasily Novokhatin ◽

Nadezhda Osipova

Keyword(s):

Western Siberia ◽

Soil Reclamation ◽

Hydromorphic Soils ◽

Investment Projects ◽

Long Term Study ◽

Peat Deposits ◽

Changes Over Time ◽

Reclaimed Soils ◽

Over Time

In this study, the authors considered the dynamics of the main agrophysical properties of hydromorphic geosystems in Western Siberia. In the process of evolution, as well as in the conditions of technogenic impact, the soils of natural-territorial complexes, their properties are subject to significant changes. New hydromorphic geosystems are formed, the soils of which are characterized by changed agrophysical properties. Modern technologies for developing investment projects for soil reclamation of hydromorphic geosystems should be based on agrophysical characteristics of reclaimed soils, on the basis of which it is possible to create the necessary parameters of drainage systems and, as a result, provide optimal soil regimes for agricultural crops for a long period. The difficulty is that these soil characteristics are variable over time. Until recently, agrophysical characteristics of soils obtained in other regions of the country were used in the development of reclamation projects for hydromorphic soils in Western Siberia. The attempt to borrow them has led to the fact that large areas of drained soil have become completely unsuitable and to restore their project productivity, a number of agro-reclamation activities and the attraction of large financial resources are currently required. In this regard, there is a need for a comprehensive, long-term study of the main properties of hydromorphic soils used for agricultural purposes, and especially their changes over time under the influence of anthropogenic load.

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Introduction of the European minnow into a subalpine lake: habitat use and long-term changes in population dynamics

Journal of Fish Biology ◽

10.1111/j.1095-8649.2002.tb01722.x ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 60 (5) ◽

pp. 1308-1321 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

J. Museth ◽

R. Borgstrom ◽

J. E. Brittain ◽

I. Herberg ◽

C. Naalsund

Keyword(s):

Population Dynamics ◽

Habitat Use ◽

European Minnow ◽

Subalpine Lake ◽

Long Term Changes

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Early experience and parent-of-origin-specific effects influence female reproductive success in mice

Biology Letters ◽

10.1098/rsbl.2006.0457 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 253-256 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Reinmar Hager ◽

Rufus A Johnstone

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Success ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Short Term ◽

Female Reproductive Success ◽

Specific Effects ◽

Fitness Consequences ◽

Mixed Litter ◽

Offspring Growth ◽

Parent Of Origin

Recent studies on mammals investigating parent-of-origin-specific effects such as genomic imprinting and maternal effects have demonstrated their impact on short-term measures of fitness, for example offspring growth. However, the long-term fitness consequences of parent-of-origin-specific effects and their role outside the immediate mother–offspring interaction remain largely unexplored. Here, we show that female mice mated to males that inherited the same set of paternal and maternal genes as themselves have a higher reproductive success than females mated to males of reciprocal genotype. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the early social environment experienced by an individual influences its reproductive success. Females raised with unrelated siblings in a mixed litter had a subsequent lower reproductive success than those that were fostered together with all their biological siblings in unmixed litters. Our results highlight the important influence of parent-of-origin-specific effects and conditions in early development on long-term reproductive success in mammals and suggest that parent-of-origin-specific effects may provide the underlying mechanism for beneficial coadaptation between genotypes, for example, in mate choice.

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Intellectual Capital Change Management in the Construction Industry—The Case of an Inter-Organisational Collaboration

Journal of Open Innovation Technology Market and Complexity ◽

10.3390/joitmc7030199 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 199

Author(s):

José Vale ◽

Nádia Barbosa ◽

Rui Bertuzi ◽

Ana Maria Bandeira ◽

Vera Teixeira Vale

Keyword(s):

Construction Industry ◽

Intellectual Capital ◽

Competitive Advantages ◽

Traditional Media ◽

Intellectual Assets ◽

Changes Over Time ◽

The Impact ◽

Over Time

Nowadays, due to the complexity of the relationships with external entities, along with the importance that traditional media and the innovative social media have in creating competitive advantages, it is necessary for companies to collaborate in order to create Intellectual Capital (IC). Although collaboration is crucial to create IC, there is a paucity in literature regarding the effects that a specific type of collaboration may have on the IC of an organisation, specifically a franchising with a mediatic actor. Moreover, literature addressing IC creation and destruction over time is scarce, especially when applied to the construction industry. This paper’s goal is twofold: understanding the longitudinal changes of a construction SME’s Intellectual Capital, regarding its creation and destruction; analysing the impact that a specific inter-organisational collaboration franchising—with a mediatic actor may have on such IC. A single in-depth case study was conducted, allowing to conclude that the actions of an organisation can develop both Intellectual Assets and Intellectual Liabilities. It was also concluded that inter-organisational collaboration, through a franchise with an actor with experience in communication, can generate, in the long term, positive and innovative effects regarding the different IC components, namely the Relational one. More specifically, the paper allowed to ascertain that an organisation’s IC changes over time in a dynamic fashion, i.e., Intellectual Liabilities which emerged before an innovative collaboration can be transformed into Intellectual Assets and create competitive advantages. This paper contributes to stress the importance of managing IC, not only when it is created, but namely in when it can be destroyed, in a context of inter-organisational collaborations applied to a construction SME.

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Feasibility of evaluation of the natural history of kidney disease in the general population using electronic healthcare records

Clinical Kidney Journal ◽

10.1093/ckj/sfaa175 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Faye Cleary ◽

David Prieto-Merino ◽

Sally Hull ◽

Ben Caplin ◽

Dorothea Nitsch

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

General Population ◽

Natural History ◽

Sufficient Information ◽

Long Term Changes ◽

History Of ◽

Method Of Evaluation ◽

Changes Over Time

Abstract Background Knowledge about the nature of long-term changes in kidney function in the general population is sparse. We aim to identify whether primary care electronic healthcare records capture sufficient information to study the natural history of kidney disease. Methods The National Chronic Kidney Disease Audit database covers ∼14% of the population of England and Wales. Availability of repeat serum creatinine tests was evaluated by risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD) and individual changes over time in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were estimated using linear regression. Sensitivity of estimation to method of evaluation of eGFR compared laboratory-reported eGFR and recalculated eGFR (using laboratory-reported creatinine), to uncover any impact of historical creatinine calibration issues on slope estimation. Results Twenty-five per cent of all adults, 92% of diabetics and 96% of those with confirmed CKD had at least three creatinine tests, spanning a median of 5.7 years, 6.2 years and 6.1 years, respectively. Median changes in laboratory-reported eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2/year) were −1.32 (CKD) and −0.60 (diabetes). Median changes in recalculated eGFR were −0.98 (CKD) and −0.11 (diabetes), underestimating decline. Magnitude of underestimation (and between-patient variation in magnitude) decreased with deteriorating eGFR. For CKD Stages 3, 4 and 5 (at latest eGFR), median slopes were −1.27, −2.49 and -3.87 for laboratory-reported eGFR and −0.89, −2.26 and −3.75 for recalculated eGFR. Conclusions Evaluation of long-term changes in renal function will be possible in those at greatest risk if methods are identified to overcome creatinine calibration problems. Bias will be reduced by focussing on patients with confirmed CKD.

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What does Congress want from the National Science Foundation? A content analysis of remarks from 1995 to 2018

Science Advances ◽

10.1126/sciadv.aaz6300 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (33) ◽

pp. eaaz6300

Author(s):

A. Lupia ◽

S. Soroka ◽

A. Beatty

Keyword(s):

Text Analysis ◽

National Science Foundation ◽

Education Technology ◽

Congressional Record ◽

Scientific Organizations ◽

National Science ◽

Changes Over Time ◽

The U.S ◽

Over Time

The U.S. Congress writes the legislation that funds the National Science Foundation (NSF). Researchers who seek NSF support may benefit by understanding how Congress views the agency. To this end, we use text analysis to examine every statement in the Congressional Record made by any member of Congress about the NSF over a 22-year period. While we find broad bipartisan support for the NSF, there are notable changes over time. Republicans have become more likely to express concerns about accountability in how the NSF spends its funds. Democrats are more likely to focus on how NSF-funded activities affect education, technology, and students. We use these findings to articulate how researchers and scientific organizations can more effectively conduct transformative science that corresponds to long-term and broadly held Congressional priorities.

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Long-Term Changes of Softwood Floodplain Forests—Did the Disappearance of Wet Vegetation Accelerate the Invasion Process?

Forests ◽

10.3390/f11111218 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 1218

Author(s):

Katarína Mikulová ◽

Ivan Jarolímek ◽

Jozef Šibík ◽

Tomáš Bacigál ◽

Mária Šibíková

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Linear Model ◽

Native Species ◽

Danube River ◽

Floodplain Forests ◽

Indicator Values ◽

Long Term Changes ◽

Native Species Richness ◽

Over Time

Objectives: We followed the long-term changes of softwood floodplain forests strongly altered by water regime changes and examine the behaviour of neophytes in this environment. Here we ask: (1) How did the composition of neophyte and native species change? (2) How did the presence of species that prefer wetter conditions change? (3) What traditionally distinguished type of softwood floodplain forests (a wetter one or a more mesophilous one) do neophytes prefer? (4) What environmental factors affect the native species richness and the occurrence and cover of neophytes? Materials and Methods: Historical and recent phytosociological relevés of the association Salicetum albae of the Slovak part of the inland delta of the Danube River were used (177 plots together). For each plot, the number and cover of neophytes and number of native species were measured, and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, the stand structure (cover of tree, shrub and herb layer) and the mean of Ellenberg indicator values were calculated and compared among time periods. Temporal trends of the soil moisture characterized by indicator values calculated for each plot were determined using a Linear Model. The synoptic table of traditional vegetation types was done to show preferences of neophytes for particular softwood forest types. The effect of site conditions on native species richness and occurrence of neophytes was determined using the Generalized Linear Model. Results: The relative number and cover of neophyte species increased and the absolute number of native species decreased over time; the vegetation of the area has changed from variable hygrophilous and mesophilous to homogenised mesophilous; most non-native species prefer the mesophilous vegetation of the floodplain forests; the wetter parts of the floodplain more successfully resisted invasions. Conclusions: The vegetation of the researched area has considerably changed over time to become less diverse and less hygrophilous, and has more invasive species. To preserve floodplain forests, natural hydrological and connectivity patterns should be adequately protected.

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OS09.4.A Health-related quality of life in low-grade glioma survivors 26 years after diagnosis

Neuro-Oncology ◽

10.1093/neuonc/noab180.038 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. ii12-ii12

Author(s):

F W Boele ◽

J C Reijneveld ◽

P C de Witt Hamer ◽

H F van Thuijl ◽

P Wesseling ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Low Grade ◽

Group Level ◽

Related Quality ◽

Health Related ◽

Changes Over Time ◽

Over Time

Abstract BACKGROUND Many patients with low-grade gliomas (LGGs) continue to survive for many years, yet little is known about patients’ health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in long-term survivorship. We previously investigated HRQOL in LGG patients diagnosed on average 6 years prior to assessment (T1, N=195) with a follow-up in stable patients on average 12 years after diagnosis (T2, N=65). We present a final follow-up of LGG survivors (T3), now decades after diagnosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS We invited patients who participated in our previous assessment (N=65), regardless of disease status. Patients completed questionnaires to assess HRQOL, fatigue, and depressive symptoms: Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36), European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Brain Tumour Module (EORTC BN20), Checklist Individual Strength (CIS), and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Changes over time (T1-T2-T3) on group level and participant level were assessed. RESULTS Of the 65 patients, 18 (27.7%) were deceased, 3 (4.6%) experienced tumour progression to WHO III, 7 (10.8%) declined, and 3 (4.6%) could not be contacted. Thirty-four patients (52.3%) participated. Of these, 2 had missing HRQOL data, with 32 patients included in analysis. Survivors were M=52.0 (sd=11.3) years old and diagnosed M=26.2 (sd=3.7, range 19–35) years prior. On group level, a statistically significant (but not clinically relevant) improvement in mental health (p=0.049), and a clinically relevant (but not statistically significant) decline in emotional role functioning was found. No other group-level changes over time in HRQOL were found. Minimal detectable change in HRQOL scale scores over time was observed in individual participants (28.1% only improvement; 25.0% only decline; 21.9% both improvement and decline) with 25.0% remaining completely stable. At T3, 25.0% of survivors scored above the cut-off for high risk of clinical depression (≥16 CES-D), and 53.1% of survivors classed as severely fatigued (≥35 CIS). CONCLUSION In this cohort of LGG survivors, assessed decades after diagnosis and treatment, HRQOL does not appear to be greatly impacted during survivorship. However, depressive symptoms and fatigue remain relatively common. Findings can help inform patients, their families, and clinicians and can serve as a benchmark for treatment trials evaluating interventions that can have very long-term effects.

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