scholarly journals A meta-analysis of correlated behaviors with implications for behavioral syndromes: relationships between particular behavioral traits

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 1068-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
László Zsolt Garamszegi ◽  
Gábor Markó ◽  
Gábor Herczeg
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Behavioral Syndromes ◽  
Behavioral Traits

scholarly journals Behavioral syndromes shape evolutionary trajectories via conserved genetic architecture

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Royauté ◽  
Ann Hedrick ◽  
Ned A. Dochtermann
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Behavioral Syndromes ◽  
Behavioral Syndrome ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Genetic Covariance ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
Field Crickets ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
Evolutionary Trajectories ◽  
Gryllus Integer

AbstractBehaviors are often correlated within broader syndromes, creating the potential for evolution in one behavior to drive evolutionary changes in other behaviors. Despite demonstrations that behavioral syndromes are common across taxa, whether this potential for evolutionary effects is realized has not yet been demonstrated. Here we show that populations of field crickets (Gryllus integer) exhibit a genetically conserved behavioral syndrome structure despite differences in average behaviors. We found that the distribution of genetic variation and genetic covariance among behavioral traits was consistent with genes and cellular mechanisms underpinning behavioral syndromes rather than correlated selection. Moreover, divergence among populations’ average behaviors was constrained by the genetically conserved behavioral syndrome. Our results demonstrate that a conserved genetic architecture linking behaviors has shaped the evolutionary trajectories of populations in disparate environments—illustrating an important way by which behavioral syndromes result in shared evolutionary fates.

Age-Related Changes in Heritability of Behavioral Phenotypes Over Adolescence and Young Adulthood: A Meta-Analysis

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Bergen ◽  
Charles O. Gardner ◽  
Kenneth S. Kendler
Keyword(s):  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Primary Research ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Environmental Variance ◽  
Behavioral Phenotypes ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Age Related

AbstractThe relative proportions of genetic and environmental variance in behavioral measures have been studied extensively. A growing body of literature has examined changes in heritability measures over time, but we are unaware of any prior efforts to assess developmental heritability changes for multiple behavioral phenotypes using multiple data sources. We have chosen to explore the proportional genetic influences on a variety of behaviors during the genetically and environmentally labile adolescent and young adult years. This meta-analysis examined 8 behavioral domains and incorporated only primary research articles reporting two or more heritability time points in order to minimize the age-to-age error variability. Linear regression analyses revealed significant cross-time heritability increases for externalizing behaviors, anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, IQ, and social attitudes and nonsignificant increases for alcohol consumption, and nicotine initiation, but no evidence of heritability changes for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. A variety of mechanisms may underlie these findings including the rising importance of active genotype-environment correlation, an increase in gene expression, or proportional reductions in environmental variance. Additional longitudinal studies and the inclusion of measures of total variance in primary research reports will aid in distinguishing between these possibilities. Further studies exploring heritability changes beyond young adulthood would also benefit our understanding of factors influencing heritability of behavioral traits over the lifespan.

scholarly journals Sex and Power: sexual dimorphism in trait variability and its eco-evolutionary and statistical implications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.R.K. Zajitschek ◽  
F. Zajitschek ◽  
R. Bonduriansky ◽  
R.C. Brooks ◽  
W. Cornwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Analysis ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Sex Bias ◽  
Estrous Cycles ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Trait Variability

ABSTRACTBiomedical and clinical sciences are experiencing a renewed interest in the fact that males and females differ in many anatomic, physiological, and behavioral traits. Sex differences in trait variability, however, are yet to receive similar recognition. In medical science, mammalian females are assumed to have higher trait variability due to estrous cycles (the ‘estrus-mediated variability hypothesis’); historically in biomedical research, females have been excluded for this reason. Contrastingly, evolutionary theory and associated data support the ‘greater male variability hypothesis’. Here, we test these competing hypotheses in 218 traits measured in >26,900 mice, using meta-analysis methods. Neither hypothesis could universally explain patterns in trait variability. Sex-bias in variability was trait-dependent. While greater male variability was found in morphological traits, females were much more variable in immunological traits. Sex-specific variability has eco-evolutionary ramifications including sex-dependent responses to climate change, as well as statistical implications including power analysis considering sex difference in variance.

scholarly journals The Genetics of Human DZ Twinning

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-76
Author(s):  
Dorret I. Boomsma
Keyword(s):  
Association Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Female Reproductive Traits ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Meta Analyses

AbstractIn the course of twin studies whose main focus was elucidation of genetic and environmental factors on behavioral traits, many twin researchers became aware of the strong tendency for dizygotic (DZ) twinning to run in families. Over four decades, Nick Martin and others initiated hormone and ultrasound studies, performed segregation and pedigree analyses, tested candidate genes, carried out linkage projects in sister pairs and formed large collaborations to illuminate the genetics of DZ twinning by genome-wide association studies and meta-analysis. This article summarizes the early work on hormone and genetic studies and describes the meta-analyses that have at last met with success in finding the first genes that predispose to DZ twinning, which also appear to influence many other female reproductive traits.

scholarly journals Do Females in a Unisexual-Bisexual Species Complex Differ in Their Behavioral Syndromes and Cortisol Production?

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
James J. Muraco ◽  
Dillon J. Monroe ◽  
Andrea S. Aspbury ◽  
Caitlin R. Gabor
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Syndromes ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Behavioral Type ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
Sailfin Molly ◽  
Amazon Molly ◽  
Poecilia Formosa ◽  
Mate Acquisition ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cortisol Release

Studies of suites of correlated behavioral traits (i.e., behavioral syndromes) aid in understanding the adaptive importance of behavioral evolution. Behavioral syndromes may be evolutionarily constrained, preventing behaviors from evolving independently, or they may be an adaptive result of selection on the correlation itself. We tested these hypotheses by characterizing the behavioral syndromes in two sympatric, closely related species and testing for differences between the species. We studied the unisexual Amazon molly (Poecilia formosa) and one of its bisexual, parent species, the sailfin molly (P. latipinna). Sympatric female sailfin and Amazon mollies compete for mating which could affect the behavioral syndromes found in each species. We identified a behavioral syndrome between exploration and activity in both species that did not differ between species. Additionally, we explored the relationship between a stress response hormone, cortisol, and behavioral type, and did not detect a relationship. However, P. formosa differed from P. latipinna in their cortisol release rates. Behavioral syndromes may be constrained in this complex, aiding in mate acquisition for P. formosa by virtue of having a similar behavioral type to P. latipinna. The difference between the females in cortisol release rates may be a useful mate identification cue for males to offset higher mating mistakes associated with the similar behavioral types.

Toward Integration of the Niche Diversity Hypothesis With Other Explanations for Personality Covariation: Reply to Međedović's (2019) Commentary on Lukaszewski et al. (2017)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 574-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Lukaszewski ◽  
Michael Gurven ◽  
Christopher R. von Rueden ◽  
Paul Smaldino
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Behavioral Syndromes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Population Differences ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Recent Commentary ◽  
Niche Diversity

The hypothesis of a human-universal personality structure is undermined by cross-cultural studies in small-scale societies. To explain cross-population differences in patterns of behavioral covariance, we proposed the niche diversity hypothesis, which holds that the degree of behavioral covariation within a population is inversely related to the number and diversity of niches within its socioecology. This hypothesis is formalized as a computational model, and its predictions have been supported empirically. Herein, we respond to several important issues regarding this line of research that were raised in a recent commentary: (1) the study of specific behavioral syndromes should be integrated into the niche diversity model; (2) environmental harshness might alternatively explain our cross-cultural findings regarding effects of niche diversity; and (3) better definitions of behavioral traits are needed for future research. We conclude that the niche diversity hypothesis can be integrated with other explanations for cross-cultural differences in personality covariation.

scholarly journals Odonate ethodiversity as a bioindicator of anthropogenic impact

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 149-157
Author(s):  
Rhainer Guillermo-Ferreira ◽  
Leandro Juen
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Behavioral Syndromes ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
Behavioral Diversity ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
As Species ◽  
The Individual

The increasing use of dragonflies and damselflies as models in studies on biodiversity in the last decades has unraveled several features of natural processes and mechanisms for species conservation. Nevertheless, biodiversity is a polysemic concept that resolves multiple dimensions that, together, enroll what we observe as species and lineages diversity. One of these dimensions is Ethodiversity, which may represent the individual diversity of behavioral traits and higher organization levels. Hence, measures of Ethodiversity may be used as indicator tools to measure such dimensions of biodiversity. However, we still lack methods and protocols to measure this diversity. Therefore, here we addressed whether damselfly behaviors may act as indicators of environmental impacts. We collected behavioral data of 120 males in two sites, one in an ecological reserve and another in an impacted habitat. Our results show differences in behavioral syndromes and behavioral integrity when comparing populations in impacted and conserved environments. In conclusion, we hope that these results stimulate future endeavors to create a methodological framework to assess behavioral diversity.

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