P-BN37 Audit of the Management of Gall Bladder (GB) Polyps according to European Joint Guidelines (EJG), 2017

Abstract Background Gall Bladder (GB) polyps are abnormal growths of the inner lining that project into the lumen. They are a rare incidental radiological finding, with prevalence ranging from 0.3% to 9.5%. The majority of these frequently turn out to be pseudopolyps, however, correct follow up and management is essential as to ensure that true polyps, which may be malignant or have malignant potential, are not missed. EJG on the subject, published in 2017, tried to address controversial issues including which patients require cholecystectomy, which patients require follow up and how frequently this should be. We carried out an audit assessing adherence of our center’s management of GB polyps to the EJGs. Methods Patients were identified for this retrospective ten year cohort study bv identifying patients listed under ‘International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD 10) code K 82.8, other specified diseases of gall bladder’ on our database. Patients with other diagnoses, such as gall bladder dysfunction were excluded after review of electronic patient record (EPR) (Sunrise, Allscripts). EPRs facilitated review of emergency attendances, clinic letters, investigations and histological results for those diagnosed with a gall bladder polyp. Analysis was performed with Microsoft Excel. Results Since publication of the guidelines, 71 patients were diagnosed with a polyp. Of these, 73% were diagnosed by general surgeons and only 36% were managed according to the guidelines. We did, however, identify a strong positive trend (0.9) in improved adherence to guidelines over time. We found that guidance was more likely to be followed if the polyp was >10mm versus smaller (p < 0.01). 18% of patients (50% of those adherent to guidelines) were booked straight for laparoscopic cholecystectomy but there was a much poorer adherence to guidance concerning surveillance of polyps. There was no statistically significant difference (p = 0.32) in adherence to guidance when comparing management by surgeons versus non-surgeons. Conclusions Adherence to EJG’s overall is poor in our cohort. The adherence has improved over time, and at 3 years post introduction is 62% compared to an average of 35%. The guidance is also best followed when laparoscopic cholecystectomy is indicated straight from diagnosis compared to patients who meet the criteria for surveillance. Initial diagnosis by a non-surgical specialty does not affect adherence to guidance. Better local education amongst junior surgical grades about GB polyps, as well as increased awareness of the EJG’s may improve adherence to guidance. Further research into risk stratification and the optimal follow up of GB polyps may make surveillance guidance easier to follow and further improve compliance.

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P-BN36 Trends in Management of Gall Bladder Polyps Over 10 Years

British Journal of Surgery ◽

10.1093/bjs/znab430.034 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 108 (Supplement_9) ◽

Author(s):

Tom Richardson ◽

Vithurshanan Karunanithy ◽

Akshay Kumar ◽

Sudeep Thomas ◽

Saad Khan

Keyword(s):

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽

Gall Bladder ◽

Incidental Finding ◽

Radiological Finding ◽

District General Hospital ◽

Strong Negative Correlation ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Poor Understanding ◽

Classification Of Diseases ◽

International Statistical Classification

Abstract Background Gall Bladder (GB) polyps are abnormal growths on the inner lining that project into the lumen of the GB. They are a rare incidental radiological finding, with a prevalence ranging from 0.3% to 9.5%. The majority of these turn out to be pseudopolyps, however, correct follow up and management is essential to ensure that true polyps, which may be malignant or have malignant potential, are not missed. We hypothesised that a lack of familiarity and poor understanding of the significance of GB polyps, along with the fact that they are frequently noted as an incidental finding by non-surgical specialties, has led to variable management of GB polyps. In order to investigate this, we carried out a retrospective analysis of the management of GB polyps at our large district general hospital over the last 10 years. Methods Patients were identified for this retrospective ten-year cohort study from our database by identifying all patients coded under the ‘International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD 10) code K 82.8, other specified diseases of gall bladder’. Patients with other diagnoses, such as gall bladder dysfunction, were excluded after review of electronic patient record (EPR) (Sunrise, Allscripts). These records facilitated review of emergency attendances, clinic letters, investigations, and histological results for those diagnosed with a gall bladder polyp. Analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel. Results A total of 154 GB polyps were identified, of which general surgeons diagnosed 63% and 74% went on to have further management. 11% of patients in our cohort proceeded straight to laparoscopic cholecystectomy, 33% underwent planned surveillance, 20% had unplanned scans and 12% were either followed up with the GP or referred back to clinic. A further 26% were discharged. In total, 35% of patients ultimately had a laparoscopic cholecystectomy and the average time from diagnosis to operation was 19 months. There was a strong negative correlation (-0.72) in reduction in time to operation over the 10-year study period. We also identified a decline in patients being followed up over time (-0.14) and in patients receiving no further management post diagnosis (-0.19). Conclusions Management of GB polyps has historically been and continues to be very variable, however, over our 10-year study period we have identified a trend towards operating earlier, with more patients being listed for surgery straight from diagnosis, and more having a shorter period of surveillance. In our cohort there has been no change in number of patients who have further planned surveillance imaging after diagnosis or in numbers of patients discharged with no further investigation or management. We postulate that this variability in management may be due to the fact that GB polyps are often identified as an incidental finding by non-surgical specialists, together with a general lack of awareness of current guidelines and a poor understanding of the pathophysiology.

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P-BN38 Patient Outcomes Following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy after a Diagnosis of Gall Bladder (GB) Polyp over 10 Years

British Journal of Surgery ◽

10.1093/bjs/znab430.036 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 108 (Supplement_9) ◽

Author(s):

Tom Richardson ◽

Vithurshanan Karunanithy ◽

Akshay Kumar ◽

Sudeep Thomas ◽

Saad Khan

Keyword(s):

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽

Gall Bladder ◽

Patient Outcomes ◽

Radiological Finding ◽

Wait Time ◽

Chronic Cholecystitis ◽

Histological Findings ◽

Classification Of Diseases ◽

Icd 10 ◽

International Statistical Classification

Abstract Background Gall Bladder (GB) polyps are elevations of the GB wall that project into the lumen. They are a rare incidental radiological finding with prevalence of 0.3% to 9.5%. Although the majority of these may be pseudopolyps correct follow up and management is essential as to ensure that true polyps, which may be malignant or have malignant potential, are not missed. We conducted a retrospective study assessing patient factors that may predispose to the finding of true polyps. Patient outcomes including histological findings as well as ongoing symptoms and further investigations or emergency attendances were also assessed. Methods Patients were identified for this retrospective ten year cohort study using International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD 10) code K 82.8, other specified diseases of gall bladder. Patients with other diagnoses such as gall bladder dysfunction were excluded after review of electronic patient record (EPR) (Sunrise, Allscripts). EPR allowed for review of emergency attendances, clinic letters, investigations and histological results for those diagnosed with a gall bladder polyp. Analysis was performed with Microsoft Excel. Results 35% patients had a laparoscopic cholecystectomy and the average wait time for surgery was 19 months but only 11% of patients were found to have true GB polyps on histology. Other histological findings included chronic cholecystitis (96%), cholesterolsis (33%) and stones 35%. Only 12% of those booked straight to laparoscopic cholecystectomy re-presented post operatively compared to 37% of those operated on after a period of surveillance. Patients booked straight for laparoscopic cholecystectomy, or diagnosed with polyps >10mm in size, were statistically more likely to have a true GB polyp (P < 0.05), however, gender, ethnicity, and whether an isolated polyp or multiple were diagnosed made no statistical difference to detection of a true polyp (P > 0.05). Conclusions From this series of patients true polyps are most likely to be identified if it is larger than 10mm at diagnosis and operated on straight away. 96% of all patients, however, displayed histological features of chronic cholecystitis. This suggests that proceeding to laparoscopic cholecystectomy straight from diagnosis of a GB polyp can be justified. Only 1patient in our cohort returned normal GB histology.. Following diagnosis of a GB polyp, the option of operation versus surveillance should be discussed wirth individual patients and decisions based on assessment of risks and benefits should be made. Further research will help identify those with a predisposition to high-risk true polyps.

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Die Wirksamkeit eines Frühinterventionsprogramms für Jugendliche mit Computerspiel- und Internetabhängigkeit: Mittelfristige Effekte der PROTECT+ Studie

Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie ◽

10.1024/1422-4917/a000673 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 3-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Carolin Szász-Janocha ◽

Eva Vonderlin ◽

Katajun Lindenberg

Keyword(s):

Internet Use ◽

Health Problems ◽

Reliable Change Index ◽

Gaming Disorder ◽

Statistical Classification ◽

Reliable Change ◽

Classification Of Diseases ◽

International Statistical Classification

Zusammenfassung. Fragestellung: Das junge Störungsbild der Computerspiel- und Internetabhängigkeit hat in den vergangenen Jahren in der Forschung zunehmend an Aufmerksamkeit gewonnen. Durch die Aufnahme der „Gaming Disorder“ in die ICD-11 (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems) wurde die Notwendigkeit von evidenzbasierten und wirksamen Interventionen avanciert. PROTECT+ ist ein kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutisches Gruppentherapieprogramm für Jugendliche mit Symptomen der Computerspiel- und Internetabhängigkeit. Die vorliegende Studie zielt auf die Evaluation der mittelfristigen Effekte nach 4 Monaten ab. Methodik: N = 54 Patientinnen und Patienten im Alter von 9 bis 19 Jahren (M = 13.48; SD = 1.72) nahmen an der Frühinterventionsstudie zwischen April 2016 und Dezember 2017 in Heidelberg teil. Die Symptomschwere wurde zu Beginn, zum Abschluss der Gruppentherapie sowie nach 4 Monaten anhand von standardisierten Diagnostikinstrumenten erfasst. Ergebnisse: Mehrebenenanalysen zeigten eine signifikante Reduktion der Symptomschwere anhand der Computerspielabhängigkeitsskala (CSAS) nach 4 Monaten. Im Selbstbeurteilungsbogen zeigte sich ein kleiner Effekt (d = 0.35), im Elternurteil ein mittlerer Effekt (d = 0.77). Der Reliable Change Index, der anhand der Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS) berechnet wurde, deutete auf eine starke Heterogenität im individuellen Symptomverlauf hin. Die Patientinnen und Patienten bewerteten das Programm zu beiden Follow-Up-Messzeitpunkten mit einer hohen Zufriedenheit. Schlussfolgerungen: Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt international eine der wenigen Studien dar, die eine Reduktion der Symptome von Computerspiel- und Internetabhängigkeit im Jugendalter über 4 Monate belegen konnte.

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Incidence, Characteristics, and Prognosis of Incidentally Discovered Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Liver Transplantation

Journal of Transplantation ◽

10.1155/2016/1916387 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Walid El Moghazy ◽

Samy Kashkoush ◽

Glenda Meeberg ◽

Norman Kneteman

Keyword(s):

Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽

Liver Transplantation ◽

Tumor Recurrence ◽

Patient Survival ◽

Steady Increase ◽

Liver Transplants ◽

Significant Difference ◽

One Year ◽

Over Time

Background. We aimed to assess incidentally discovered hepatocellular carcinoma (iHCC) over time and to compare outcome to preoperatively diagnosed hepatocellular carcinoma (pdHCC) and nontumor liver transplants.Methods.We studied adults transplanted with a follow-up of at least one year. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.Results.Between 1990 and 2010, 887 adults were transplanted. Among them, 121 patients (13.6%) had pdHCC and 32 patients (3.6%) had iHCC; frequency of iHCC decreased markedly over years, in parallel with significant increase in pdHCC. Between 1990 and 1995, 120 patients had liver transplants, 4 (3.3%) of them had iHCC, and only 3 (2.5%) had pdHCC, while in the last 5 years, 263 patients were transplanted, 7 (0.03%) of them had iHCC, and 66 (25.1%) had pdHCC (P<0.001). There was no significant difference between groups regarding patient survival; 5-year survival was 74%, 75.5%, and 77.3% in iHCC, pdHCC, and non-HCC groups, respectively (P=0.702). Patients with iHCC had no recurrences after transplant, while pdHCC patients experienced 17 recurrences (15.3%) (P=0.016).Conclusions.iHCC has significantly decreased despite steady increase in number of transplants for hepatocellular carcinoma. Patients with iHCC had excellent outcomes with no tumor recurrence and survival comparable to pdHCC.

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Frequency of Port Site Wound Infection with and Without End Gloves Techniques of Retrieval of Gallbladder in Pouch

10.53350/pjmhs2115123399 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. 3399-3401

Author(s):

Naeem Ahmed ◽

Maryum Saleem Raha ◽

Uzma Shamim Seth ◽

Mohammad Taha Kamal ◽

Anum Nawazish Al ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽

Gall Bladder ◽

Wound Infection ◽

General Surgery ◽

Port Site ◽

Medical Institute ◽

Conventional Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽

Conventional Laparoscopic ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference

Background: The gallbladder is a hollow organ that sits just beneath the right lobe of the liver. Chief functioning of gallbladder is to store gall, also known as bile that is required for digestion of food. Removing gallbladder through small incision in the abdomen is called laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Among benefits of cholecystectomy are decreased need for postoperative analgesia, decreased postoperative pain and shortened hospital stay from 1 week to less than 24 hours. Objective: To compare the frequency of port site wound infection with and without endogloves techniques of retrieval of gallbladder in pouch after laparoscopic cholecystectomy for chronic calculus cholecystitis. Design: It was a randomized controlled trial. Study Settings: This study was conducted at Department of General Surgery, Midland Doctors Medical Institute Tandali Muzaffarabad from July 2019 to July 2021 Material and Methods: A total of 260 cases who fulfilled inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study through wards of Department of General Surgery. Written informed consent was obtained from all the patients. Two groups were made by random division of patients. Conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed in patients of group I. Through umbilical port gall-bladder was retrieved in these patients, exactly spot on by a sterile surgical hand glove endobag. Vicryl “O” with J-shaped needle was used to close 10mm umbilical port (fascial defect) and 5mm ports were conventionally closed. In patients of group II, conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed and gall-bladder was retrieved as in patients of group I but without using surgical sterile hand glove endobag. Results: The mean age of the patients in study group was 48.09±15.402 years and in control group it was 47.51±16.48 years. Male to female ratio was 1.06:1. The post-op wound infection was found in 11 (4.23%) patients. Statistically significant difference was found in groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: The use of endoglove technique of retrieval of gallbladder in pouch after laparoscopic cholecystectomy for chronic calculus cholecystitis is safe, cheap, simple and potentially reduces significant port site wound infection compared to without endogloves. Keywords: Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy, Endoglove, Gallbladder (GB).

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Changes in Voice- and Swallowing-Related Symptoms After Thyroidectomy: One-Year Follow-Up Study

Annals of Otology Rhinology & Laryngology ◽

10.1177/0003489417751472 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 127 (3) ◽

pp. 171-177 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Young Min Park ◽

Kyung Ho Oh ◽

Jae-Gu Cho ◽

Seung-Kuk Baek ◽

Soon-Young Kwon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Symptom Relief ◽

Temporal Changes ◽

Rehabilitation Programs ◽

Significant Difference ◽

One Year ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Changes Over Time ◽

Over Time

Objective: We analyzed the changes in voice- and swallowing-related symptoms that occurred over time in patients who underwent thyroidectomy and identified any associated risk factors. Methods: One hundred and three patients who underwent thyroidectomy were enrolled. Results: The mean thyroidectomy voice-related questionnaire (TVQ) score before surgery was 12.41 ± 12.19; it significantly increased to 28.24 ± 18.01 ( P < .001) 1 month postoperatively, decreased to 24.02 ± 17.30 ( P = .014) and 20.66 ± 15.29 ( P = .023) 3 and 6 months postoperatively, respectively. It was continuously decreased to 18.83 ± 14.63 twelve months postoperatively. The temporal changes in TVQ scores between patients who underwent total thyroidectomy or lobectomy were significantly different. There was a statistically significant difference in the temporal changes in TVQ according to whether neck dissection was performed. The temporal changes in TVQ in patients with and without extrathyroidal extension were significantly different. Conclusions: Voice- and swallowing-related discomfort in patients who received thyroidectomy showed dynamic changes over time. There was a significant difference in the degree of change according to clinicopathological factors. Patients with these risk factors may benefit from appropriate patient education and various rehabilitation programs for symptom relief.

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Incidental finding of bronchial diverticula in a non-smoker population: evaluation on thin-section CT

Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease ◽

10.4081/monaldi.2015.743 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 81 (1-2) ◽

Author(s):

Federica Ciccarese ◽

Giorgio Garzillo ◽

Anna Maria Chiesa ◽

Antonio Poerio ◽

Serena Baroncini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thin Section ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Respiratory Symptoms ◽

Incidental Finding ◽

Radiological Finding ◽

Chest Ct ◽

Lobe Bronchus ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Right

<p>Bronchial diverticula have been described as a common radiological finding in smoker patients with COPD, but the specificity of this sign should be further investigated. Thus, the aim of our study was to evaluate the prevalence of diverticula in a cohort of non-smoker subjects. Between February and July 2012, 2438 patients were admitted to our Radiology Unit to undergo a chest CT. Among them, we enrolled 121 non-smoking patients (78/121-64.5% females, 43/121-35.5% males), of different age (57.0±20.7 years-range: 12-88), without any respiratory symptoms, submitted to chest CT for several reasons (oncologic evaluation: 59/121-48.8%; follow up of lung nodules: 27/121-22.3%; screening in connectivitis: 12/121-9.9%; others: 23/121-19.0%). We considered thin-section CT scan on axial, coronal and sagittal plans to evaluate prevalence, numbers and level of bronchial diverticula. Diverticula were found in 41/121-33.9% patients, with a slight major prevalence in males (p=0.048), but no significant difference on age. In 31/41-75.6% the number was <3, whereof 17/31-54.8% with just one diverticulum assessed. Regarding the level, in 30/41-73.2% they were subcarinal, but they were also detected in mainstem (2/41-4.9%) and lobar bronchi (with the right upper lobe bronchus most frequently involved- 12/41-29.3%). Bronchial diverticula can be observed in non-smokers, as well as in smoker patients with COPD. However, their prevalence seems to be lower than in smokers and they tend to be isolated and subcarinal. The age of patients does not influence their finding. More studies should be proposed to better define a cut-off between smokers and healthy subjects.</p>

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A systematic and interdisciplinary approach to the measurement of outcomes over the disease trajectory in a unique specialized cachexia clinic.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2014.32.31_suppl.25 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 32 (31_suppl) ◽

pp. 25-25

Author(s):

Jonathan di Tomasso ◽

Lorella Ciutto ◽

Sabrina Cesare ◽

Irina Uscatescu ◽

Kevin Yu-Chueh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Functional Status ◽

Advanced Cancer ◽

Cancer Cachexia ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Locally Advanced ◽

Interdisciplinary Approach ◽

Assessment System ◽

Positive Trend ◽

Over Time

25 Background: Cancer cachexia affects 60-80% of advanced cancer patients and leads to weight loss, worsening functional status, and increased mortality. Thus, specialized clinics are needed to measure nutritional and functional trajectories over time in this population. Recently, the McGill University Health Centre has developed a systematic, standardized and interdisciplinary approach for the profiling and management of cancer cachexia. Methods: Patients with advanced cancer were recruited and categorized as cachetic. The following information was collected at baseline and at three follow-up visits: hand grip strength measured by Jamar dynamometer, the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS) and the abridged Patient Generated Subjective Global Assessment (aPG-SGA) questionnaires. Results: Fifty-nine patients were eligible for this study yet only 24 completed 3 follow-ups and were included. There were 15 men and 9 women, mean age 65.7 years. Five patients had locally advanced disease and 19 had metastatic disease. The table contains results for handgrip strength, ESAS and aPG-SGA scores. Conclusions: Following baseline assessment and treatment, patients were noted to have a significant improvement in the aPG-SGA total score. Handgrip strength was maintained throughout the follow up period. ESAS appetite and fatigue exhibited a positive trend but did not achieve significance over time. This work suggests the benefits of an interdisciplinary cachexia clinic for the maintenance of nutritional and functional status in patients with cancer cachexia as well as possible improvements in quality of life. [Table: see text]

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Sex difference in the association between education and schizophrenia in Chinese adults

10.21203/rs.2.20887/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yanan Luo ◽

Lihua Pang ◽

Yihao Zhao ◽

Chao Guo ◽

Lei Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sex Difference ◽

Gender Gap ◽

National Sample ◽

Education Level ◽

Combined Effect ◽

Sample Survey ◽

Chinese Adults ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Classification Of Diseases ◽

International Statistical Classification

Abstract Objective: Improving education level was evidenced to decrease the risk of schizophrenia, but whether this strength of education role depends on gender is not. This study aimed to investigate whether there is sex difference in the association between education and schizophrenia in Chinese adults. Methods: Data was obtained from the Second China National Sample Survey on Disability in 2006, and restricted our analysis to 1,909,205 participants aged 18 years or older, which covered 31 provinces (administrative districts) in China. Schizophrenia was ascertained according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision. Logistics regression models was fitted to examine the combined effect of sex and education on schizophrenia. Results: The prevalence of schizophrenia in female groups was higher than in male groups, with 0.44% (95% CI : 0.42%, 0.45%) and 0.36% (95% CI : 0.35%, 0.37%), respectively. There is a statistical significant difference that more females experienced severe or extreme difficulty in understanding and communicating. However, more males suffered from severe or extreme difficulty in the function of daily activities and participation in society. The combined effect of education and schizophrenia was statistically significant ( OR =1.05, 95%CI =1.02, 1.08), indicating that, as the level of education level increased, schizophrenia risk of females decreased faster than the risk of males. Conclusions: This study showed that additional years of education reduce the risk of schizophrenia for both men and women while also closing the gender gap between them. As education elevated, the risk of schizophrenia decreased more for women than for men. The findings indicated that improving education level may have an effect on reducing gender gaps in schizophrenia in China. Action to prevent schizophrenia and close its gender gap will require attention to the improving educational opportunities. Keywords : Schizophrenia; education ; sex difference

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Evaluation of the Liver Disease Information in Baidu Encyclopedia and Wikipedia: Longitudinal Study (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.17680 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Fei Sun ◽

Fuchun Yang ◽

Shusen Zheng

Keyword(s):

Liver Disease ◽

Health Information ◽

Liver Diseases ◽

The Internet ◽

Disease Information ◽

Classification Of Diseases ◽

International Statistical Classification ◽

Research Findings

BACKGROUND The internet has changed the way of people acquiring health information. Previous studies have shown that Wikipedia is a reasonably reliable medical resource, and it has been ranked higher than other general websites in various search engines. Baidu Encyclopedia is one of the most popular encyclopedia websites in China. However, no studies have shown the quality of the content provided in the Baidu Encyclopedia. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the quality of liver disease information provided by Wikipedia (in English) and Baidu Encyclopedia (in Chinese) and to perform a comparison of the quality and timeliness of the articles published in these two encyclopedias. Moreover, a 3-year follow-up study was conducted to compare if the information in both these websites was updated regularly over this period. METHODS We searched for information on liver diseases by using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision Version 2016 codes on Wikipedia (in English) and Baidu Encyclopedia (in Chinese). The quality of the articles was assessed using the DISCERN instrument, which consists of 3 sections. We recorded the latest editing date of the webpages and calculated the date interval to evaluate the update timeliness of these websites. RESULTS We found 22 entries on liver diseases in Baidu Encyclopedia and 15 articles in Wikipedia between September 15, 2016, and September 30, 2016, and we found 25 entries in Baidu Encyclopedia and 16 articles in Wikipedia between September 15, 2019, and September 30, 2019. In section 1 of the DISCERN instrument, the mean (SE) scores of Baidu Encyclopedia entries were significantly lower than those of Wikipedia articles. In section 2 and section 3 of the DISCERN instrument, the DISCERN scores of Baidu Encyclopedia entries were lower than those of Wikipedia articles, but the differences were not statistically significant. The total DISCERN scores of Baidu Encyclopedia entries were significantly lower than those of Wikipedia articles. The update interval of the entries in Baidu Encyclopedia was found to be significantly longer than that of the articles in Wikipedia. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that the quality of articles and the reliability of the research content on liver diseases in Wikipedia are better than those of the entries in Baidu Encyclopedia. However, the quality of the treatment choices provided in both Wikipedia and Baidu Encyclopedia is not satisfactory. Wikipedia is updated more frequently than Baidu Encyclopedia, thereby ensuring that the information presented has the most recent research findings. The findings of our study suggest that in order to find accurate health information, it is important to seek the help of medical professionals instead of looking for a prescription amid the confusing information provided on the internet.

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