scholarly journals Effect of Dietary XOS Supplementation on Systemic Amino Acid Homeostasis

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 455-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianyu Qin ◽  
Yajing Pan ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Sijia Wang ◽  
Jieping Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glucose Control ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Fasting Serum ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Lean Control ◽  
Amino Acid Homeostasis ◽  
Branched Chain

Abstract Objectives Systemic amino acid (AA) levels are tightly regulated. Homeostasis of certain AAs, such as branched chain AAs (BCAAs), and aromatic AAs are not only associated with impaired glucose control but also important determinants of mood. The health benefits of dietary xylooligosaccharides (XOS) in glucose control have been published. In addition, XOS consumption was reported to increase participant-reported vitality and happiness. Therefore, we hypothesized that dietary XOS supplementation induce changes of AA homeostasis, which contributes to its metabolic and mood benefit. Methods Male db/db BSK mice and their respective lean control db/m BSK mice were used in this study. Mice at age 7 wk were randomized into three groups and fed AIN93M, AIN93M + 2%−, or 7%-XOS (w/w) for 8 weeks (n = 8–10/group). At the end of the intervention, fasting serum samples were collected and processed for glucose, insulin, AA analysis. Results db/db mice developed obesity, hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia compared to db/m mice. We did not detect difference in serum BCAAs and aromatic AAs, including phenylalanine (phe), tryptophan (Trp) and tyrosine (Tyr) between db/db and db/m mice. Serum arginine (Arg), proline (Pro) and methionine (Met) were significantly lower in db/db compared db/m. Dietary XOS supplementation (2 and 7%) did not change body weight and fat depots in db/m and db/db mice. Fasting blood glucose, Met and Pro levels were significantly reduced by 7% XOS in db/m not db/db mice. XOS did not change any other AAs in either db/db or db/m mice. Serum Trp microbial metabolites indole acetate (IAA) was significantly higher while indole propionate (IPA) was lower in db/db mice compared to db/m mice. XOS (both 2 and 7%) decreased IAA in both db/m and db/db mice, while 2% XOS increased IPA only in db/db mice. Tyr was decreased by 7% XOS in db/m mice but not db/db mice, while Tyr metabolite, p-cresol sulfate, was reduced by 2% XOS in db/db mice only. Conclusions Our data indicate interactions between dietary XOS and Leptin R genotype/or host metabolic status on glucose control and systemic AA homeostasis. The mechanism of how dietary XOS intake modulate AA homeostasis needs further investigation. Funding Sources This project was supported by NIH-R01 and Center for Human Nutrition.

scholarly journals Quantitative Analysis of Branched-chain Amino Acids in Five Nutritional Supplements Using a Leucine Dehydrogenase Assay (P23-004-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan Eley
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Sport Nutrition ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Leucine Dehydrogenase ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acid ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
The Given

Abstract Objectives The objective of this experiment was to determine the branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) content in five different sport nutrition supplements compared to the amount claimed on the label. Methods To measure the BCAA content of five nutritional supplements, a leucine dehydrogenase enzyme assay was used. This enzyme catalyzes the reaction of turning the given BCAA (L-leucine, L-valine, and L-isoleucine), water, and NAD+ into their respective metabolite, NH3, NADH, and H+. Ultraviolet-visible light spectrophotometry (UV/Vis) was used at 340 nm to create a standard curve. This curve uses the Beer-Lambert Law to measure NADH concentration from absorbance. NADH is in a 1:1 ratio with each BCAA molecule thus relaying the content of the given sample. The assay is specific to the three BCAAs in their free form. Other amino acids, as well as BCAAs in oligopeptides, do not interfere with this experiment. Products including oligo- and polypeptides were not included for testing. The assay was performed for each product and ran against a known standard (≥98% L-leucine) for validation. Due to different supplements having different BCAA amounts per serving, % content of the claimed amount was measured. Results Compared to the amount provided by the labels of each supplement, BCAA content was on average only 61% of the manufacturer claims when compared to ≥98% L-leucine. This shows that these BCAA supplements do not meet label claims for BCAA content (P < 0.01). Conclusions The five tested nutritional supplements contain significantly less branched-chain amino acid content than claimed on the label. This experiment can be expanded on in the future to test content of other BCAA containing supplements to determine how common underdosing is in the industry as a whole. Funding Sources The author claims no funding sources.

Metabolomic impacts of branched-chain amino acid supplementation during endurance exercise: a crossover study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse T. Peach ◽  
Dakota Funk ◽  
Lizzi Frothingham ◽  
Hunter Fausset ◽  
Isaac Rowland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Central Fatigue ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Amino Acid Supplementation ◽  
Serotonin Concentration ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Serum Serotonin

Abstract BackgroundSerotonin syntheses in the brain requires a steady supply of tryptophan. Branched chain amino acids (BCAA) and tryptophan are transported across the blood-brain barrier by the amino acid transporter LAT1. BCAA supplementation is predicted to decrease serotonin biosynthesis through LAT1 competition and reduce central fatigue during exercise. Despite a strong theoretical basis for BCAA to attenuate serotonin production and fatigue during exercise, a number of human clinical trials have failed to demonstrate these benefits. To shed light on this discrepancy, we measured the impact of BCAA supplementation on serotonin and associated metabolites during exercise.MethodsA cohort of endurance runners (n=10) participated in a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial to determine impact of BCAA supplementation during a 60-minute run at 65% of VO2 max. Metabolomic analysis targeted for serotonin and untargeted analysis for biomarkers of BCAA supplementation using LCMS were performed on serum samples collected immediately before and after exercise.ResultsSerum BCAA levels were greater in the supplement group compared to placebo (p<0.05). Serum serotonin was lower immediately after BCAA supplementation and before exercise (p<0.05) but not after exercise. L-ornithine increased during exercise with BCAA treatment compared to placebo. Ratings of perceived exertion were no different in BCAA and placebo groups.ConclusionsBCAA supplementation led to a rapid decrease in serum serotonin concentration relative to placebo, which may be indicative of a central nervous system (CNS) mediated process. After exercise with BCAA supplementation, endurance athletes did not show lower serum serotonin concentration, but did present an almost three-fold increase in L-ornithine which has metabolic connections to cortisol and central fatigue.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04969536, retrospectively registered 20 July 2021, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04969536

scholarly journals Effect of Dietary Fermentable Carbohydrate Supplementation on Amino Acid Homeostasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 379-379
Author(s):  
Sijia Wang ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Tianyu Qing ◽  
Yajing Pan ◽  
Jieping Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Laminaria Japonica ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Normal Physiological Condition ◽  
And Control

Abstract Objectives Homeostasis of amino acids (AA) such as branched chain AAs (BCAAs), and aromatic AAs are associated with glucose regulation. Fermentable carbohydrates (FC), such as xylooligosaccharide (XOS), have been shown to improve glucose and lipid metabolism. Therefore, we aim to study the potential of dietary FC to modulate systemic and tissue specific amino acid (AA) homeostasis in normal physiological condition. Two FCs of different molecular size were included in this study, XOS (0.3–1 kDa) and a new sulfated fucose containing polysaccharide (SPS) isolated from seaweed (82 kDa). Methods Male C57BL6 mice at age 7 week were randomized into three groups and fed AIN93M, AIN93M supplemented with 2% XOS or SPS (w/w) for 8 weeks (n = 6–8/group). SPS was prepared from Laminaria japonica. At the end of the intervention, fasting serum samples were collected and processed for glucose, insulin, AA analysis. Liver and skeletal muscle samples were frozen and processed for AA analysis. Results Blood glucose was significantly lower in XOS-fed mice but not SPS-fed mice compared to mice fed the control AIN93M diet. No significant differences in blood insulin, lipids, AA as well as body weight and fat depots were observed among the three experimental groups (XOS, SPS and control). In skeletal muscle, the concentration of total free AA, as well as 9 AAs (Asp, Glu, Arg, Tyr, Met, Phe and BCAAs) was significantly lower and 1 AA (Thr) was higher in SPS mice compared to control mice, while free AA levels in skeletal muscle were not significantly different between XOS and control mice. In liver, levels of total free AA, Arg, Thr and leucine metabolite ketoleucine were significantly lower in XOS mice compared to control mice. No significant change in free AA levels in liver was observed between SPS and control mice. Conclusions Our data show the differential modulation of systemic and tissue-specific AA and glucose homeostasis by dietary XOS and SPS intake, indicating the key role that AA signaling may play in metabolic homeostasis. Funding Sources This project was supported by the National Institutes of Health and UCLA Center for Human Nutrition.

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