Effect of Daily Macadamia Nut Consumption on Anthropometric Indices in Overweight and Obese Men and Women

Abstract Objectives We sought to assess the effect of daily consumption of macadamia nuts as 15% of calories on body weight, BMI, waist circumference, percent body fat and skeletal muscle mass in overweight/obese men and women with elevated cardiometabolic risk. Methods Utilizing a randomized crossover design, we randomized 38 subjects to consume macadamia nuts daily as 15% of calories for 8 weeks (intervention) and their usual diet for 8 weeks (control), with a 2-week washout. Three subjects dropped out early; n = 35 for analysis. Subjects were healthy men and postmenopausal women with a BMI of 25–39, a waist circumference of >101.6 cm for men and >88.9 cm for women, and one additional cardiovascular risk factor (fasting plasma glucose >100 mg/dL, triglycerides ≥150 mg/dl, total cholesterol >200 mg/dL, LDL-C > 100 mg/dL, blood pressure ≥130/85 mmHg or taking anti-hypertensive medication). Macadamia nuts were provided in pre-weighed daily portions as 15% of calories calculated using the Mifflin-St. Jeor equation. Percent body fat and skeletal muscle mass (kg) were determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis. A mixed model analysis was performed with treatment, sequence, phase, and baseline values as fixed-effect terms and subjects as a random-effects term. Results Compared to control, consumption of macadamia nuts led to a mean weight change of –348 g (84.13 vs. 83.78 kg; P = 0.15) a mean BMI change of –0.15 kg/m2 (30.61 vs. 30.47 kg/m2; P = 0.12), and a mean waist circumference change of 0.17 cm (107.41 vs. 107.58 cm; P = 0.61). Percent body fat increased by an average of 0.26% after eating nuts (42.70 vs. 42.96%; P = 0.16). Skeletal muscle mass was slightly but significantly lower after eating nuts with a mean change of –0.237 kg (26.33 vs. 26.09 kg; P = 0.017). Conclusions Daily consumption of high-fat macadamia nuts for eight weeks in overweight and obese individuals did not change anthropometrics including body weight, BMI, waist circumference, and % body fat. Skeletal muscle mass was slightly lowered but likely not clinically relevant. Funding Sources Hort Innovation, Sydney, Australia.

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High skeletal muscle mass is associated with increased serum 25(OH)D levels in elderly

Zinc supplementation improves heme biosynthesis in rats exposed to lead ◽

10.18051/univmed.2017.v36.236-242 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 236

Author(s):

Verawati Sudarma ◽

Lukman Halim

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Body Composition ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Anthropometric Measurements

Background Low vitamin D has been associated with various health problems. Aging influences body composition, especially body fat and fat-free mass. Anthropometric measurements, such as body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), body fat (BF), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), waist circumference (WC) and the waist-height ratio (WHtR) represent body composition which many studies proposed will influence serum vitamin D [25(OH)D]. The objective of the present study was to determine which anthropometric measurements were determinants of 25(OH)D levels in elderly. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 126 elderly (>60 years old) men and women at Pusat Santunan Dalam Keluarga (PUSAKA) Central Jakarta centers. Anthropometric measurements [body mass index (BMI), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), body fat (BF), and waist circumference (WC)] were determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis using the Omron body composition monitor with scales (HBF-375, Omron, Japan). Fasting blood samples were taken to measure 25(OH)D level by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Multivariate linear regression was used to analyze the data. Results The data showed that BMI, BF, and WC were higher than recommended, while SMM and serum 25(OH)D were lower. When the analysis was done based on sex, there were significant differences in BF, SMM, WHtR, and serum 25(OH)D. In the linear regression multivariate analysis of log 25(OH)D with age and body anthropometric measurements, only SMM reached significance level (β=0.019; p=0.025). Conclusions This study demonstrated a positive association between skeletal muscle mass and serum levels of vitamin D in elderly.

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Somatotype, Body Composition and Explosive Power of Athlete and Non-Athlete

LASE Journal of Sport Science ◽

10.1515/ljss-2016-0023 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 26-34

Author(s):

Saha Sukanta

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Body Composition ◽

Body Weight ◽

Lean Body Mass ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Explosive Power

Abstract The aim of this study was to identify the effect of somatotype and body composition variables on leg explosive power of college level men students. The sample consisted of 500 young college students, divided into two groups: athletes (N= 250) undergoing Bachelor of Physical Education course whose mean age 23.86 ± 0.36 years; and non-athletes (N= 250) college students who do not take part regular physical activities and mean age 22.16 ± 0.88 years. The somatotype was assessed using the Heath & Carter method. Assessing body composition of the subject various anthropometric measurements were taken. Sargent vertical jump test was used to measure leg explosive power. The measures were compared between the two groups using the Student t-test for independent samples. The two groups differed significantly (p≤0.01) in terms of body weight, % body fat, lean body mass, % skeletal muscle mass and somatotype. The findings of the present study showing that athlete have higher mean values in leg explosive power (p≤0.01) than non-athlete. The leg explosive power was positively significantly (p≤0.01) correlated with % skeletal muscle mass, lean body mass, mesomorphy and ectomorphy components of somatotype; on the other hand body weight, height, % body fat, body surface area and endomorphy component of somatotype significantly (p≤0.01) negatively correlated. In conclusion, somatotype and body composition variables are important factors in determining leg explosive power.

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Body Fat and Skeletal Muscle Mass in Relation to Physical Disability in Very Old Men and Women of the Framingham Heart Study

The Journals of Gerontology Series A ◽

10.1093/gerona/53a.3.m214 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 53A (3) ◽

pp. M214-M221 ◽

Cited By ~ 164

Author(s):

M. Visser ◽

T. B. Harris ◽

J. Langlois ◽

M. T. Hannan ◽

R. Roubenoff ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Framingham Heart Study ◽

Physical Disability ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Men And Women ◽

Very Old ◽

Heart Study ◽

Old Men

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Advising Based on Self-Experimentation Assignments Increases the Magnitude of Weight Loss

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa063_049 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 1651-1651

Author(s):

Mindy Lee ◽

Annabelle Shaffer ◽

Nouf Alfouzan ◽

Catherine Applegate ◽

Jennie Hsu-Lumetta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Weight Change ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Body Weight Change ◽

Fiber Intake ◽

Successful Group

Abstract Objectives Individualized Diet Improvement Program (iDip) has been developed for a sustainable diet for weight management through self-experimentation with emphasis on increasing protein and fiber and reducing caloric intake. Upon a successful feasibility test with the first study completed in 2018 (iDip 1), we hypothesized that assigning homework and advising based on response would improve weight loss along with the dietary changes. Methods Thirty adults (BMI >25 kg/m2) were enrolled in a 2-year study (iDip 2). The study comprised of 22 dietary sessions over 12 months, identical to iDip 1. Participants were assigned to complete a self-experimentation homework after each session and received advising based on responses. As visual feedback, weekly weight charts and dietary analyses in the form of Protein-Fiber (PF) plot were offered. Daily weights, body composition, waist circumference were collected and 24-hour dietary records were obtained. Results Six participants dropped out, leaving 24 participants (80%). Mean body weight change (n = 24) in iDip 2 at 8 months was −6.2 ± 1.5% while mean body weight change (n = 12) in iDip 1 was −5.2 ± 1.1%. Nine out of 24 participants (38%) achieved clinically meaningful weight loss (>5% of initial body weight) with a mean body weight change of −12.9% ± 2.8. The magnitude of weight loss of the successful group in iDip 2 was significantly greater (P < 0.05) than that of the successful group in iDip 1 where 5 out of 12 participants (42%) achieved >5% weight loss (mean body weight change: −8.9 ± 1.3%). Skeletal muscle mass was well-maintained with a mean change (n = 18) of −0.7 ± 0.2% at 6 months. Waist circumference (n = 18) was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) from baseline by −6.5 ± 1.3 cm. 24-hr records showed improvements in protein and fiber intake throughout the study. Although no significant differences were found in protein and fiber intake between two studies, higher mean protein and fiber intake were observed at 6 months in iDip 2. Conclusions Self-experimentation assignments followed by individualized feedback significantly increased the magnitude of weight loss over the previous study with protein intake to maintain skeletal muscle mass as evidenced by its minimal loss. The success rate of participants achieving >5% weight loss did not improve in this study. Funding Sources USDA NIFA ILLU-698–908; NIBIB NIH (CA).

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Skeletal muscle mass is associated with erythropoietin response in hemodialysis patients

BMC Nephrology ◽

10.1186/s12882-021-02346-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tomoaki Takata ◽

Yukari Mae ◽

Kentaro Yamada ◽

Sosuke Taniguchi ◽

Shintaro Hamada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Body Weight ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Transferrin Saturation ◽

Resistance Index ◽

Hemodialysis Patients ◽

Maintenance Hemodialysis ◽

Weekly Dose

Abstract Background Hyporesponsiveness to erythropoietin stimulating agent (ESA) is associated with poor outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease. Although ESA hyporesponsiveness and sarcopenia have a common pathophysiological background, clinical evidence linking them is scarce. The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between ESA responsiveness and skeletal muscle mass in hemodialysis patients. Methods This cross-sectional study analyzed 70 patients on maintenance hemodialysis who were treated with ESA. ESA responsiveness was evaluated by erythropoietin resistance index (ERI), calculated as a weekly dose of ESA divided by body weight and hemoglobin (IU/kg/week/dL), and a weekly dose of ESA/hemoglobin (IU/week/dL). A dose of ESA is equivalated to epoetin β. Correlations between ESA responsiveness and clinical parameters including skeletal muscle mass were analyzed. Results Among the 70 patients, ERI was positively correlated to age (p < 0.002) and negatively correlated to height (p < 0.001), body weight (p < 0.001), BMI (p < 0.001), skeletal muscle mass (p < 0.001), transferrin saturation (TSAT) (p = 0.049), and zinc (p = 0.006). In the multiple linear regression analysis, TSAT, zinc, and skeletal muscle mass were associated with ERI and weekly ESA dose/hemoglobin. Conclusions Skeletal muscle mass was the independent predictor for ESA responsiveness as well as TSAT and zinc. Sarcopenia is another target for the management of anemia in patients with hemodialysis.

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Body composition and energy intake — skeletal muscle mass is the strongest predictor of food intake in obese adolescents: The HEARTY trial

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2015-0479 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 41 (6) ◽

pp. 611-617 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Jameason D. Cameron ◽

Ronald J. Sigal ◽

Glen P. Kenny ◽

Angela S. Alberga ◽

Denis Prud’homme ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Body Composition ◽

Body Weight ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Percentage Body Fat ◽

Obese Adolescents

There has been renewed interest in examining the relationship between specific components of energy expenditure and the overall influence on energy intake (EI). The purpose of this cross-sectional analysis was to determine the strongest metabolic and anthropometric predictors of EI. It was hypothesized that resting metabolic rate (RMR) and skeletal muscle mass would be the strongest predictors of EI in a sample of overweight and obese adolescents. 304 post-pubertal adolescents (91 boys, 213 girls) aged 16.1 (±1.4) years with body mass index at or above the 95th percentile for age and sex OR at or above the 85th percentile plus an additional diabetes risk factor were measured for body weight, RMR (kcal/day) by indirect calorimetry, body composition by magnetic resonance imaging (fat free mass (FFM), skeletal muscle mass, fat mass (FM), and percentage body fat), and EI (kcal/day) using 3 day food records. Body weight, RMR, FFM, skeletal muscle mass, and FM were all significantly correlated with EI (p < 0.005). After adjusting the model for age, sex, height, and physical activity, only FFM (β = 21.9, p = 0.007) and skeletal muscle mass (β = 25.8, p = 0.02) remained as significant predictors of EI. FFM and skeletal muscle mass also predicted dietary protein and fat intake (p < 0.05), but not carbohydrate intake. In conclusion, with skeletal muscle mass being the best predictor of EI, our results support the hypothesis that the magnitude of the body’s lean tissue is related to absolute levels of EI in a sample of inactive adolescents with obesity.

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P1569ADIPONECTIN IS ASSOCIATED WITH DECLINE IS SKELETAL MUSCLE MASS AND BONE MINERAL CONTENT IN PATIENTS ON HEMODIALYSIS

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation ◽

10.1093/ndt/gfaa142.p1569 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽

Author(s):

Hiroshi Ogawa ◽

Toshimitsu Koga ◽

Daisuke Fuwa ◽

Hirofumi Tamaki ◽

Takayuki Nanbu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Bone Mineral Content ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Mineral Content ◽

Body Fat Mass ◽

Total Plasma

Abstract Background and Aims Patients on hemodialysis are prone to undernutrition, malnutrition-inflammation-atherosclerosis (MIA) syndrome, and protein-energy wasting (PEW). One of the major adipocytokines adiponectin (ADPN) is involved in anti-arteriosclerotic and anti-inflammatory processes. However, ADPN is implicated in muscle weakness and loss of muscle mass in the elderly in addition to sarcopenia. At the 2019 ERA-EDTA Congress, we announced that total plasma ADPN levels in patients on hemodialysis (HD) showed a significant inverse correlation with BMI, body fat in percentage, mass and estimated skeletal muscle mass, and ADPN may be involved in sarcopenia in patients on HD. Herein, we investigated the association of ADPN level with sarcopenia in patients on HD using a method different from the one used in our previous study. We examined the relationship between total plasma ADPN level and the rate of change in estimated skeletal muscle mass, bone mineral content, and body fat mass over 5 years after the plasma ADPN measurement. Furthermore, we analyzed whether an elevated ADPN level was predictive of a subsequent decline in these parameters. Method Total plasma ADPN levels were measured using ELISA (Bio Vendor-Laboratorni Medicina a.s., Czech Republic) in 42 male patients on HD (age: 51.1 ± 9.0 years, dialysis vintage: 144.8 ± 99.2 months, BMI: 21.8 ± 3.2, dry BW: 62.0 ± 10.9 kg, dialysis time: 15.6 ± 3.1 hours/week). The estimates of skeletal muscle mass, bone mineral content, and body fat mass were made using multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (MFBIA) within the same year when total plasma ADPN level were first measured in 2011 as well as in 2016. We then calculated the rates of change in the estimated skeletal muscle mass, bone mineral content, and body fat mass over the 5 years and correlated these parameters with the total plasma ADPN measurements. Results Conclusion Total plasma ADPN levels inversely correlate with larger rates of decrease in estimated skeletal muscle mass and bone mineral content in patients on HD. This suggests that ADPN may play a role in the decline in skeletal muscle mass and bone mineral content over time in patients on HD.

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