scholarly journals In-Home Observations Are a Useful Tool to Assess the Household Enabling Environment for Child Nutrition in Burkina Faso and Sierra Leone

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 683-683
Author(s):  
Alexandria Schmall ◽  
Ilana Cliffer ◽  
Stacy Griswold ◽  
Hannah Cai ◽  
Patrick Webb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Humanitarian Assistance ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Household Factors ◽  
Enabling Environment ◽  
Hygiene Practices

Abstract Objectives Two field studies assessed the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of specialized nutritious foods (SNF) to prevent and treat malnutrition among children 6–24 months old in Burkina Faso and 6–59 months old in Sierra Leone. In-home observations (IHO) were conducted to understand household use of SNFs. The IHO data are unique, as local enumerators directly observed caregiver behaviors that would otherwise be provided by self-report. In this study, we examined household factors that may influence child nutrition, including child feeding, care, and hygiene practices among caregivers, and sanitary conditions of the home environment. Methods Local enumerators conducted 3–5-day IHO among a subset of 321 and 176 beneficiary households in Sierra Leone and Burkina Faso, respectively. Using time-stamped checklists and detailed observation notes, they recorded household activities, focused on feeding and care of beneficiary children. Detailed enumerator notes were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results Similar trends emerged in both countries. Poor hand-washing and food hygiene practices were common among caregivers; children consumed poor quality, starchy diets; children were most often cared for by their mothers and other adult, female relatives. Child feeding during illness was poor, and child mouthing of unsanitary household objects was common. In Burkina Faso, domestic animals were frequently present in the courtyard and near children during meals. Conclusions Future nutrition interventions may consider approaches that address multiple household factors that contribute to an enabling environment for child nutrition. Further, considering the feasibility of field application, the IHO method may be used in future nutrition programs to provide information beyond what could be obtained accurately from caregiver self report, and thus help inform nutrition behavior change strategies. Funding Sources Support for this research was provided by the USAID Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance.

scholarly journals WHZ and MUAC Overlap but Identify Different Children As Acutely Malnourished, and Diagnosis Is Sensitive to Child Sex. Insights From Burkina Faso and Sierra Leone

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 659-659
Author(s):  
Hyomin Lee ◽  
Stacy Griswold ◽  
Patrick Webb ◽  
Beatrice Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Humanitarian Assistance ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Malnourished Children ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Food For Peace

Abstract Objectives To examine differences in outcomes when using MUAC and/or WHZ to identify wasted children by sex in Burkina Faso and Sierra Leone. Methods Spearman's correlation was calculated to examine the relationship between MUAC and WHZ. Kappa Statistics were calculated to examine the agreement between MUAC and WHZ in identifying wasted children. Sensitivity and specificity of WHZ using MUAC as benchmark for identifying wasting was calculated. Results There were 6112 children total in Burkina Faso (51% male); 2650 children total in Sierra Leone (43% male). In Burkina Faso, the correlation between MUAC and WHZ for both sexes was significant (lowest r = 0.79, p < 0.001; highest r = 0.86, p < 0.001). Agreement between the two measures in identifying wasted children was fair for female (k = 0.29, p < 0.001), but poor for male children (k = 0.16, p < 0.001). Sensitivity analysis revealed that WHZ identified the same MAM and SAM children more often for males (MAM: 40%–68%; SAM: 25%–100%) than females (MAM: 25%–61%; SAM: 13%–80%). Specificity analysis revealed that WHZ identified non-malnourished children similarly for both sexes (male: 86%–96%; female: 94%–98%). In Sierra Leone, the correlation between MUAC and WHZ was high in relation to both sexes (r = 0.78, p < 0.001). Agreement between the two measures in identifying wasted children was fair for both sexes (k = 0.24, p < 0.001). Sensitivity analysis showed that WHZ identified the same MAM and SAM children more often for males (MAM: 33–66.7%; SAM: 20–100%) than females (MAM: 15–33%; SAM: 9–50%). Specificity analysis showed that WHZ identified non-malnourished children for both sexes similarly (MAM: 75%–100%; SAM: 94%–100%). Conclusions Poor overlap was found between MUAC and WHZ in diagnosing wasted children, and high sensitivity of these measures to sex of child. Both measures should be used together to inclusively identify all wasted children for treatment. Funding Sources United States Agency for International Development's Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance (USAID/BHA) and legacy Office of Food for Peace (FFP).

scholarly journals Exploring Reasons for Low Attendance of Mothers to Growth Monitoring and Promotion Program at Loka Abaya District, Southern Ethiopia: Exploratory Qualitative Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mesfin Tekle ◽  
Befikadu Tariku ◽  
Amsalu Alagaw ◽  
Eshetu Zerihun ◽  
Habtamu Wondiye Bekele
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Growth Monitoring ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Evil Eye ◽  
Growth Monitoring And Promotion ◽  
Depth Interviews

Background. Different organizations in Ethiopia are currently working on prevention and promotion activities to fight malnutrition among children through a community-based nutrition program. One of these activities with little success is growth monitoring and promotion (GMP). Exploring the reason and better understanding of low attendance of mothers to the GMP program can help to improve the program by incorporating finding. The aim of the study was to explore reasons for low attendance to the GMP program among mothers of under-two children. Method. An exploratory qualitative study design was used to unearth reasons for low attendance of mothers with under-2-year-old child to the GMP program. In-depth interviews were carried out with 13 mothers. The data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis approach. Result. Mothers perceived that GMP is (meant) for unhealthy children (only). Again mothers mentioned community dishonor of mothers with wasted children and method of weighing a child as a community-related reason for low attendance to the GMP program. They also indicated that there was no community conversation and weak counseling of the mothers about child feeding and growth. Perception about “evil eye” was also indicated as a reason for lower attendance of the program. Conclusion. Mothers showed that there was lack of knowledge about GMP. Limited community conversation and weak counseling about child nutrition as a GMP program were explored reasons for low attendance. Other reasons mentioned by the mothers were consideration of “evil eye” and method of weighing a child. Further research is needed to explore the implementation of GMP by health workers and to evaluate the extent of the identified reasons for low attendance to the GMP program by the mother.

scholarly journals An Innovative Grandmother-Inclusive Approach for Addressing Suboptimal Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices in Sierra Leone

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridget A Aidam ◽  
Carolyn A MacDonald ◽  
Rebecca Wee ◽  
Joseph Simba ◽  
Judi Aubel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Child ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Young Child Feeding ◽  
Infant And Young Child ◽  
Inclusive Approach

ABSTRACT Background Suboptimal infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices contribute to child undernutrition. Sierra Leone Demographic and Health Survey data show that IYCF practices remain poor despite modest improvements. Recent studies have identified the role of grandmothers as critical to child nutrition; however, in Sierra Leone to date, the potential for grandmothers to influence IYCF practices has not been investigated. Objectives We examined how an innovative grandmother-inclusive approach (GMIA) can be used to address suboptimal IYCF practices. Methods Using a quasi-experimental design, we compared IYCF beliefs and practices between GMIA intervention communities (receiving monthly dialogue sessions on nutrition, quarterly community praise sessions, and intergenerational forums) and comparison communities (receiving standard nutrition education) in Bum chiefdom from 2013 and 2016. The quantitative endline survey targeted 101 pregnant women, 291 women with children aged <2 y, and 219 grandmothers. Statistical analyses utilized t tests and χ2 tests to examine differences between intervention and comparison communities at endline. Multivariate regression was used to determine the intervention's effect on IYCF outcomes of interest. Results Awareness of and participation in the GMIA was high among mothers and grandmothers in intervention communities. The percentage of infants and young children aged 0–23 mo (n = 291) exclusively breastfed during the first week of life was significantly higher in the intervention group (90.2% compared with 79.4%, P = 0.01). Among infants aged 6–23 mo (n = 219), the percentage achieving minimum dietary diversity and minimum acceptable diet was significantly higher in the intervention group (77.2% compared with 51.8%, P < 0.001; and 53.8% compared with 22.6%, P < 0.001, respectively). Differences in percentages achieving minimum meal frequency (MMF) were only significant for infants aged 9–23 mo, with the intervention group achieving a higher MMF (54.6% compared with 36.9%, P = 0.02). Conclusions Results suggest that a GMIA that recognizes grandmothers’ roles and strengthens their knowledge can contribute to improved IYCF practices.

scholarly journals Association between women’s empowerment and infant and child feeding practices in sub-Saharan Africa: an analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 3155-3165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muzi Na ◽  
Larissa Jennings ◽  
Sameera A Talegawkar ◽  
Saifuddin Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Women's Empowerment ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Women’S Empowerment ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Meal Frequency ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Minimum Dietary Diversity

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the relationship between women’s empowerment and WHO recommended infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices in sub-Saharan Africa.DesignAnalysis was conducted using data from ten Demographic and Health Surveys between 2010 and 2013. Women’s empowerment was assessed by nine standard items covering three dimensions: economic, socio-familial and legal empowerment. Three core IYCF practices examined were minimum dietary diversity, minimum meal frequency and minimum acceptable diet. Separate multivariable logistic regression models were applied for the IYCF practices on dimensional and overall empowerment in each country.SettingBenin, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Uganda and Zimbabwe.SubjectsYoungest singleton children aged 6–23 months and their mothers (n 15 153).ResultsLess than 35 %, 60 % and 18 % of children 6–23 months of age met the criterion of minimum dietary diversity, minimum meal frequency and minimum acceptable diet, respectively. In general, likelihood of meeting the recommended IYCF criteria was positively associated with the economic dimension of women’s empowerment. Socio-familial empowerment was negatively associated with the three feeding criteria, except in Zimbabwe. The legal dimension of empowerment did not show any clear pattern in the associations. Greater overall empowerment of women was consistently and positively associated with multiple IYCF practices in Mali, Rwanda and Sierra Leone. However, consistent negative relationships were found in Benin and Niger. Null or mixed results were observed in the remaining countries.ConclusionsThe importance of women’s empowerment for IYCF practices needs to be discussed by context and by dimension of empowerment.

scholarly journals Personal and domiciliary hygiene practices and its association with incidence of infectious diseases among children aged 6-59 months

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 4204
Author(s):  
Md Hasanuzzaman ◽  
Md Hafizur Rahman ◽  
Md Shafiqul Islam Khan ◽  
Musammet Rasheda Begum ◽  
Farjana Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Prepared Food

Background: Over 200 million under-five-children born in low-income countries are at risk of not reaching their development potential and infectious diseases are the leading cause of development deficits in these regions.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate personal and household hygiene practices among 154 mothers and their association with the incidence of infectious diseases among 167 children aged 6 months to 59 months in Patuakhali district, Bangladesh.Results: Only 13.6% of the mothers had proper hand washing knowledge. Besides, 14% and 53.9% of the mothers washed their hands with soap and only with water respectively before feeding their child. About 68.2% of mothers prepared food on the ground and half (49.5%) of the toilet did not have a hand washing location beside it. The risk of childhood infectious disease was significantly associated with hand washing of mothers before feeding a child (OR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.5-4.1, p<0.05) and hand washing of child before eating (OR: 3.4, 95% CI: 1.8-5.7, p<0.05).Conclusions: Hand washing agents were inadequate and compliance to hand washing was poor. Therefore, the continuous focus is needed on the mother's awareness construction to increase the compliance to hand washing practice among mothers as well as their child with soap, especially during child feeding.

scholarly journals Examining health anxiety among Lynch syndrome carriers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenna J. Albiani
Keyword(s):  
Lynch Syndrome ◽  
Service Utilization ◽  
Medical Service ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Health Anxiety ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Genetic Mutation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Medical Service Utilization

The current research was designed to examine health anxiety among individuals with Lynch syndrome; a genetic predisposition to adult onset cancers. This research had two aims: 1) To examine the severity of health anxiety in Lynch syndrome patients and identify predictors and consequences associated with health anxiety, and 2) To examine the additional impact health anxiety has on parents with Lynch syndrome. Two studies were conducted. In Study I, 209 individuals with Lynch syndrome, selected from a genetic cancer registry, completed self-report measures assessing health anxiety, medical and psychological variables, and medical service utilization. Results indicated that 30% of participants reported clinically significant levels of health anxiety. Regression analyses revealed that younger age, greater depression, anxiety, worry interference and emotional preoccupation coping were predictive of increased health anxiety. Increased health anxiety was associated with greater overall medical service utilization; specifically, visits to gastroenterologists and emergency departments. In Study II, purposive sampling was used to identify parents from Study I who reported the highest and lowest health anxiety. Twenty-one individuals completed semi-structured telephone interviews about their experience of being a parent with Lynch syndrome, their concerns of potentially passing down the genetic mutation to their children, and their perceptions of their children’s health. Qualitative content analysis using a template coding approach was used to examine the differences between parents with high and low health anxiety. Findings revealed that the most prevalent difference was in relation to parent’s perceptions of their personal health. Those with high health anxiety experienced worries that were more extreme, demonstrated a hypervigilance towards physical symptoms, discussed the emotional and psychological consequences of Lynch syndrome as more negative and severe, and had a tendency to engage in more dysfunctional coping strategies. Unexpectedly, with regards to their perceptions of their children, the parents in the high and low health anxiety groups exhibited similar worries. Taken together, the findings from Studies I and II suggest that health anxiety is of clinical significance for individuals with Lynch syndrome. Accurately identifying and treating health anxiety among this population may be one avenue to reduce the distress experienced by Lynch syndrome carriers.

Chnootriba similis. [Distribution map].

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Ivory Coast ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Chnootriba Similis

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Chnootriba similis (Thunberg) Coleoptera: Coccinellidae Maize ladybird. Attacks rice, maize, wheat, barley, sorghum, sugarcane. = Epilachna similis(Thunberg) Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Angola, Burkina, Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Madagascar, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Yemen, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe.

Rice yellow mottle sobemovirus. [Distribution map].

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Guinea Bissau ◽  
Yellow Mottle ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Rice yellow mottle sobemovirus Viruses: Sobemovirus Hosts: Rice (Oryza sativa). Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Zimbabwe.

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