scholarly journals Probabilistic Model to Assess the Impact of Sugar Taxation on Low/No-Calorie Sweeteners Displacing Added Sugar Intakes (P13-029-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandrine Pigat
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Product Category ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Specific Product ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Product Composition ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives In the last few years, the sugar tax, predominantly targeting sugar sweetened beverages, has been introduced in a range of different countries globally. This has led to reformulation of product portfolios around the time of the tax introduction, in order to meet the public health bodies’ demands on reducing sugar in specific products but likely also to come in below the levy's sugar threshold. As a result, label and own brand products have been reformulated where low/no-calorie sweeteners (LNCS) are displacing added sugars. The change in product composition from sugar sweetened to products now containing levels of both added sugars and LNCS has had an impact on reducing added sugar intakes and possibly increased exposure to LNCS in populations, a recent shift that has not been captured yet in national health and food consumption surveys and it will be likely a few more years before this will be quantified in the next round of surveys. Methods In order to assess the impact of this change, food consumption survey data may be used in conjunction with more up to date brand composition data and information on LNCS presence and use levels. Results Examples of up-to-date brand specific product composition databases and initiatives include Mintel, GS1 Branded Foods Database, Country specific branded food databases, ILSI Branded Foods Database, Food Switch, Label Insight's Open Data initiative or the collecting industry data. Market representative LNCS occurrence can then be assessed per food product category in order to calculate the probability of presence of different LNCS in each food product categories. Similarly more up-to-date added sugar concentration data can be obtained and substituted for out-of-date data. LNCS use levels from the food categories of interest, or regulatory use levels from the locally relevant additive regulation, can then be applied to the model. Conclusions A probabilistic intake assessment, accounting for presence probability of LNCS and new distributions of added sugar vs LNCS concentrations as well as distribution of food consumption can then help estimate the current intake of added sugars and LNCS, especially post the recent introduction of the sugar tax across different countries. Funding Sources Creme Global.

The drivers, trends and dietary impacts of non-nutritive sweeteners in the food supply: a narrative review

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Cherie Russell ◽  
Carley Grimes ◽  
Phillip Baker ◽  
Katherine Sievert ◽  
Mark A. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Food Supply ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Substitution Effects ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Environmental Interventions ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Nutrition Policies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Whole Foods

Abstract Poor diets, including excess added sugar consumption, contribute to the global burden of disease. Subsequently, many nutrition policies have been implemented to reduce added sugar intake and improve population health, including taxes, education, labelling and environmental interventions. A potential consequence of these policy actions is the substitution of added sugars with non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) in a variety of foods and beverages. NNS are used to reduce the energy and sugar content of foods and beverages while maintaining their palatability. Evidence of the toxicological risks of NNS is inconsistent, though concerns have been raised over the potential substitution effects of ultra-processed foods containing NNS for whole foods. This review aimed to provide an overview of current NNS food supply and consumption patterns, assess added sugar-reduction policies and their impact on NNS, and determine the impact of NNS on food choice, energy intake and diet quality. NNS are widely available in a variety of products, though most commonly in carbonated beverages, dairy products, confectionery, table-top sweeteners and fruit drinks. However, the longitudinal trends of different product categories, and differences between geographies and economy-income levels, require further study. Few studies have examined NNS consumption trends globally, though an increase in NNS consumption in beverages has been observed in some regions. Research examining how the increased availability of low-sugar, NNS-containing products affects global dietary patterns is limited, particularly in terms of their potential substitution effects.

Country image and consumer evaluation of imported products: test of a hierarchical model in four countries

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Thøgersen ◽  
Jessica Aschemann-Witzel ◽  
Susanne Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Model ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Product Category ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Country Image ◽  
Specific Product ◽  
General Validity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Level

Purpose This paper aims to test the general validity of a hierarchical model of country image conceptualizations across countries that differ in socio-economic development and distance to the exporting country. Design/methodology/approach Representative consumer samples in Germany, France, China and Thailand (N ∼ 1,000 per country) completed an online survey on three levels of country image regarding Denmark and attitudes towards buying an organic food product from Denmark. Data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling. Findings The hierarchical country image model fitted the data well in the two European countries, but not in the two Asian countries. It appears that the hierarchical relationships proposed by the model require a high level of familiarity with and knowledge of the origin country and the product type. Research limitations/implications The application scope of the model is considerably narrower than implied by earlier research. Further research should combine data from a number of sources to investigate the model’s application further. Practical implications Exporters must pay attention to both the general image of their country and the image of their country with regard to their specific product category, as this impacts consumer product evaluations. Originality/value International trade and the success of export strategies ultimately depend on consumer acceptance in importing countries. This study demonstrates how consumer perception of imported products is affected by the exporting country’s image, which may be more or less elaborate and differentiated. It gives exporters new insight into how they can make their marketing effective when entering markets.

scholarly journals NOMINATIVE STRATEGIES IN THE CONSTRUAL OF THE ECOLOGICAL IMPERATIVE MEATLESS FUTURE IN ENGLISH MEDIADISCOURSE

2021 ◽  
pp. 76-84
Author(s):  
Татьяна Ивановна Семенова
Keyword(s):  
Product Category ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Free Food ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Media Discourse ◽  
Chicken Nuggets ◽  
Conceptual Integration ◽  
Food Practices ◽  
Positive Image ◽  
The Impact

Введение. Представлен анализ номинативных стратегий конструирования позитивного имиджа растительного мяса в целях внедрения в картину мира адресата модели пищевого поведения, ценностным ориентиром которой является сокращение потребления мяса и переход на аналоги, заменители, имитация мясной продукции. Материалы и методы. Применение методов дискурсивного и лингвокогнитивного анализа позволило выявить когнитивные механизмы и номинативные стратегии конструирования позитивного имиджа альтернативной мясной продукции в англоязычном медиадискурсе. Проблему конструирования мира автор видит прежде всего как проблему выбора определенных средств номинации. Результаты и обсуждение. Установлено, что медиатексты, связанные с гастрономическим контентом, продвигают в социум подход к еде как к особому нормативно-регулятивному поведению. Формирование ценностных ориентиров в сфере взаимодействия человека и природы посредством сокращения потребления мясной продукции концептуализируется в англоязычном медиадискурсе как экологический императив. Определено, что когнитивные и коммуникативные задачи по конструированию положительного имиджа растительного мяса в медиадискурсе достигаются посредством стратегии оксюморонной номинации. Неологизмы типа meatless meat объективируют структуру знания о растительном мясе как о пищевой продукции, не содержащей мяса в своем составе, но имитирующей сходство с настоящим мясом. Оксюморонные номинации интерпретируются в ракурсе концептуальной интеграции как концептуальный бленд, посредством которого категоризуется знание о концепте PLANT MEAT. Выявлен прагматический потенциал оксюморонных номинаций в концептуализации преимуществ мясоподобной продукции для здоровья и экологии. Заключение. Анализ когнитивно-прагматических механизмов воздействия на модель мира адресата свидетельствует о том, что дискурсивное конструирование экологического императива MEATLESS FUTURE нацелено на трансформацию ценностных приоритетов в отношении практик питания. Полученные результаты вносят вклад в изучение проблемы вариативного конструирования мира в языке, в исследование номинативных процессов в неразрывной связи с когнитивными аспектами языка. Introduction. The impact of the food practices on the environment and human health is an area that has been receiving much attention in media discourse. The paper views alternative food practices from a linguistic perspective. The study highlights nominative strategies in the construal of the positive image of the plant-based meat as a trendy meatless food product. The paper brings into focus the issue that plant-based eating can provide lower environmental impact. The paper considers the ways of shaping and interpreting the shift towards plant-based eating in English media discourse. Material and methods. The study discusses cognitive operations of categorization, conceptual integration, focus shift involved in positive image-building of meat alternatives as a relatively new product category. Results and discussion. Of central concern in the study is the issue of the environmental imperative that is incorporated in media discourse into promotion of meat-reduced or meatless products through highlighting its benefits for the environment. The study considers nominative aspects of categorizing meat substitutes as a novel food product. The paper discusses oxymoron nominations meatless meat, chicken-free chicken nuggets, non-meat burger in terms of conceptual integration. Conclusion. The author comes to the conclusion that oxymoron nominations like meatless meat, chicken-free chicken nuggets, non-meat burger are used in order to make the idea of reduced-meat consumption a more attractive option for consumers. The paper reveals the communicative function and pragmatic potential of the conceptual blend plant meat, meatless meat in shaping health and environmental benefits of a meat-free food style in media discourse.

scholarly journals Analysis of the impact of fortified food consumption on overall dietary quality in Irish adults

2008 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Triona Joyce ◽  
Evelyn M. Hannon ◽  
Mairead Kiely ◽  
Albert Flynn
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Food Diary ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
The North ◽  
Fortified Food ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of fortified food (FF) consumption on overall dietary quality in Irish adults. Data for this analysis was based on the North/South Ireland Food Consumption Survey w7/15/2008hich used a 7 d food diary to collect food and beverage intake data in a representative sample of 1379 Irish adults (662 men and 717 women) aged 18–64 years. Foods contained in the database that are fortified were identified from the presence of vitamins and/or minerals in the ingredient list on the label. The results showed that an increased level of FF consumption was associated with lower intakes (percentage food energy) of total fat and saturated fat (women only) and higher intakes of total carbohydrate, total sugars (but not added sugars) and starch. Increased consumption was associated with a more micronutrient-dense diet and a reduced prevalence of dietary inadequacies of Ca, Fe, riboflavin and folate, particularly in women. Higher FF consumption was associated with higher intakes of fruit, lower intakes of alcohol and a lower likelihood of smoking in men and women. Thus it appears that FF consumption is a marker of both better dietary quality and healthy lifestyle behaviours.

Differential effects of macro and micro country images by product category and by country among Saudi consumers

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 1663-1681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byoungho Jin ◽  
Moudi O. Almousa ◽  
Heesoon Yang ◽  
Naeun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Product Category ◽  
Country Image ◽  
Shopping Malls ◽  
Specific Product ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Functional Product ◽  
The Impact

Purpose While country image consists of two hierarchical images – macro country image at the country level and micro country image at the specific product level – previous studies have largely failed to detail its varying effects by product category and by the level of a country’s economic development. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of the macro and micro country images of four countries (USA, Italy, Korea, and Malaysia) on Saudi consumers’ purchase intentions in two product categories (symbolic and functional product). Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from shoppers older than 20 years of age at several shopping malls in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia via mall intercept method. Findings Analyses of 496 data revealed that the effects of macro and micro country images differ by product category. In particular, both macro and micro country images were equally relevant to the purchase intention of symbolic goods (i.e. handbags), while micro country image played a greater role in the purchase intention of functional goods (i.e. cell phones). A partial country moderating effect was found. The effects of micro country image on the purchase intention of handbags were valid only in Italy, where product-country match is high. Originality/value This study advances country image research by highlighting how the effects of macro and micro country images on purchase intention differ by product category and by country. The findings suggest which aspect of country image (i.e. macro vs micro) should be actively communicated in the marketing of symbolic and functional goods.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of Landsat Data for Change Detection Applications: 50 Years of Monitoring the Earth

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2869
Author(s):  
MohammadAli Hemati ◽  
Mahdi Hasanlou ◽  
Masoud Mahdianpari ◽  
Fariba Mohammadimanesh
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Change Detection ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Atmospheric Correction ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Detection Analysis ◽  
The Impact

With uninterrupted space-based data collection since 1972, Landsat plays a key role in systematic monitoring of the Earth’s surface, enabled by an extensive and free, radiometrically consistent, global archive of imagery. Governments and international organizations rely on Landsat time series for monitoring and deriving a systematic understanding of the dynamics of the Earth’s surface at a spatial scale relevant to management, scientific inquiry, and policy development. In this study, we identify trends in Landsat-informed change detection studies by surveying 50 years of published applications, processing, and change detection methods. Specifically, a representative database was created resulting in 490 relevant journal articles derived from the Web of Science and Scopus. From these articles, we provide a review of recent developments, opportunities, and trends in Landsat change detection studies. The impact of the Landsat free and open data policy in 2008 is evident in the literature as a turning point in the number and nature of change detection studies. Based upon the search terms used and articles included, average number of Landsat images used in studies increased from 10 images before 2008 to 100,000 images in 2020. The 2008 opening of the Landsat archive resulted in a marked increase in the number of images used per study, typically providing the basis for the other trends in evidence. These key trends include an increase in automated processing, use of analysis-ready data (especially those with atmospheric correction), and use of cloud computing platforms, all over increasing large areas. The nature of change methods has evolved from representative bi-temporal pairs to time series of images capturing dynamics and trends, capable of revealing both gradual and abrupt changes. The result also revealed a greater use of nonparametric classifiers for Landsat change detection analysis. Landsat-9, to be launched in September 2021, in combination with the continued operation of Landsat-8 and integration with Sentinel-2, enhances opportunities for improved monitoring of change over increasingly larger areas with greater intra- and interannual frequency.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Assessment of Households in Santiago, Chile: Environmental Hotspots and Policy Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2525
Author(s):  
Camila López-Eccher ◽  
Elizabeth Garrido-Ramírez ◽  
Iván Franchi-Arzola ◽  
Edmundo Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Freshwater Eutrophication

The aim of this study is to assess the environmental impacts of household life cycles in Santiago, Chile, by household income level. The assessment considered scenarios associated with environmental policies. The life cycle assessment was cradle-to-grave, and the functional unit considered all the materials and energy required to meet an inhabitant’s needs for one year (1 inh/year). Using SimaPro 9.1 software, the Recipe Midpoint (H) methodology was used. The impact categories selected were global warming, fine particulate matter formation, terrestrial acidification, freshwater eutrophication, freshwater ecotoxicity, mineral resource scarcity, and fossil resource scarcity. The inventory was carried out through the application of 300 household surveys and secondary information. The main environmental sources of households were determined to be food consumption, transport, and electricity. Food consumption is the main source, responsible for 33% of the environmental impacts on global warming, 69% on terrestrial acidification, and 29% on freshwater eutrophication. The second most crucial environmental hotspot is private transport, whose contribution to environmental impact increases as household income rises, while public transport impact increases in the opposite direction. In this sense, both positive and negative environmental effects can be generated by policies. Therefore, life-cycle environmental impacts, the synergy between policies, and households’ socio-economic characteristics must be considered in public policy planning and consumer decisions.

scholarly journals Building Damage Detection Using U-Net with Attention Mechanism from Pre- and Post-Disaster Remote Sensing Datasets

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 905
Author(s):  
Chuyi Wu ◽  
Feng Zhang ◽  
Junshi Xia ◽  
Yichen Xu ◽  
Guoqing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Binary Classification ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Building Damage ◽  
Attention Mechanism ◽  
Large Scale Dataset ◽  
Data Program ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Post Disaster

The building damage status is vital to plan rescue and reconstruction after a disaster and is also hard to detect and judge its level. Most existing studies focus on binary classification, and the attention of the model is distracted. In this study, we proposed a Siamese neural network that can localize and classify damaged buildings at one time. The main parts of this network are a variety of attention U-Nets using different backbones. The attention mechanism enables the network to pay more attention to the effective features and channels, so as to reduce the impact of useless features. We train them using the xBD dataset, which is a large-scale dataset for the advancement of building damage assessment, and compare their result balanced F (F1) scores. The score demonstrates that the performance of SEresNeXt with an attention mechanism gives the best performance, with the F1 score reaching 0.787. To improve the accuracy, we fused the results and got the best overall F1 score of 0.792. To verify the transferability and robustness of the model, we selected the dataset on the Maxar Open Data Program of two recent disasters to investigate the performance. By visual comparison, the results show that our model is robust and transferable.

scholarly journals Friend or Foe? Impacts of Dietary Xylans, Xylooligosaccharides, and Xylanases on Intestinal Health and Growth Performance of Monogastric Animals

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 609
Author(s):  
Jonathan T. Baker ◽  
Marcos E. Duarte ◽  
Debora M. Holanda ◽  
Sung Woo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residues ◽  
Structural Difference ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

This paper discusses the structural difference and role of xylan, procedures involved in the production of xylooligosaccharides (XOS), and their implementation into animal feeds. Xylan is non-starch polysaccharides that share a β-(1-4)-linked xylopyranose backbone as a common feature. Due to the myriad of residues that can be substituted on the polymers within the xylan family, more anti-nutritional factors are associated with certain types of xylan than others. XOS are sugar oligomers extracted from xylan-containing lignocellulosic materials, such as crop residues, wood, and herbaceous biomass, that possess prebiotic effects. XOS can also be produced in the intestine of monogastric animals to some extent when exogenous enzymes, such as xylanase, are added to the feed. Xylanase supplementation is a common practice within both swine and poultry production to reduce intestinal viscosity and improve digestive utilization of nutrients. The efficacy of xylanase supplementation varies widely due a number of factors, one of which being the presence of xylanase inhibitors present in common feedstuffs. The use of prebiotics in animal feeding is gaining popularity as producers look to accelerate growth rate, enhance intestinal health, and improve other production parameters in an attempt to provide a safe and sustainable food product. Available research on the impact of xylan, XOS, as well as xylanase on the growth and health of swine and poultry, is also summarized. The response to xylanase supplementation in swine and poultry feeds is highly variable and whether the benefits are a result of nutrient release from NSP, reduction in digesta viscosity, production of short chain xylooligosaccharides or a combination of these is still in question. XOS supplementation seems to benefit both swine and poultry at various stages of production, as well as varying levels of XOS purity and degree of polymerization; however, further research is needed to elucidate the ideal dosage, purity, and degree of polymerization needed to confer benefits on intestinal health and performance in each respective species.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document