scholarly journals Early Adopters of Event-driven Human Immunodeficiency Virus Pre-exposure Prophylaxis in a Large Healthcare System in San Francisco

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 2710-2712 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Carlo Hojilla ◽  
Julia L Marcus ◽  
Michael J Silverberg ◽  
C Bradley Hare ◽  
Rachel Herbers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Early Adopters ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Event Driven ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Abstract Among 279 patients within a large healthcare system in San Francisco, event-driven HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis using a 2–1–1 regimen was a desirable alternative to daily dosing. Problems with adherence, planning sex in advance, or side effects were infrequent (13.9%). We found no new HIV infections over 136 person-years of follow-up.

scholarly journals Evidence of an Association of Increases in Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Coverage With Decreases in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Diagnosis Rates in the United States, 2012–2016

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn K Smith ◽  
Patrick S Sullivan ◽  
Betsy Cadwell ◽  
Lance A Waller ◽  
Azfar Siddiqi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
The United States ◽  
Virus Diagnosis ◽  
Hiv Surveillance ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Us ◽  
Diagnosis Rate ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Abstract Background Annual human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnoses in the United States (US) have plateaued since 2013. We assessed whether there is an association between uptake of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and decreases in HIV diagnoses. Methods We used 2012–2016 data from the US National HIV Surveillance System to estimate viral suppression (VS) and annual percentage change in diagnosis rate (EAPC) in 33 jurisdictions, and data from a national pharmacy database to estimate PrEP uptake. We used Poisson regression with random effects for state and year to estimate the association between PrEP coverage and EAPC: within jurisdictional quintiles grouped by changes in PrEP coverage, regressing EAPC on time; and among all jurisdictions, regressing EAPC on both time and jurisdictional changes in PrEP coverage with and without accounting for changes in VS. Results From 2012 to 2016, across the 10 states with the greatest increases in PrEP coverage, the EAPC decreased 4.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], −5.2% to −2.9%). On average, across the states and District of Columbia, EAPC for a given year decreased by 1.1% (95% CI, −1.77% to −.49%) for an increase in PrEP coverage of 1 per 100 persons with indications. When controlling for VS, the state-specific EAPC for a given year decreased by 1.3% (95% CI, −2.12% to −.57%) for an increase in PrEP coverage of 1 per 100 persons with indications. Conclusions We found statistically significant associations between jurisdictional increases in PrEP coverage and decreases in EAPC independent of changes in VS, which supports bringing PrEP use to scale in the US to accelerate reductions in HIV infections.

scholarly journals Grindr Users Take More Risks, but Are More Open to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Pre-exposure Prophylaxis: Could This Dating App Provide a Platform for HIV Prevention Outreach?

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. e135-e140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Hoenigl ◽  
Susan J Little ◽  
David Grelotti ◽  
Britt Skaathun ◽  
Gabriel A Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
The United States ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Prevention Behavior ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Abstract Background Technology has changed the way that men who have sex with men (MSM) seek sex. More than 60% of MSM in the United States use the internet and/or smartphone-based geospatial networking apps to find sex partners. We correlated use of the most popular app (Grindr) with sexual risk and prevention behavior among MSM. Methods A nested cohort study was conducted between September 2018 and June 2019 among MSM receiving community-based human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening in central San Diego. During the testing encounter, participants were surveyed for demographics, substance use, risk behavior (previous 3 months), HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use, and Grindr usage. Participants who tested negative for HIV and who were not on PrEP were offered immediate PrEP. Results The study included 1256 MSM, 1090 of whom (86.8%) were not taking PrEP. Overall, 580 of 1256 (46%) participants indicated that they used Grindr in the previous 7 days. Grindr users reported significantly higher risk behavior (greater number of male partners and condomless sex) and were more likely to test positive for chlamydia or gonorrhea (8.6% vs 4.7% of nonusers; P = .005). Grindr users were also more likely to be on PrEP (18.7% vs 8.7% of nonusers; P < .001) and had fewer newly diagnosed HIV infections (9 vs 26 among nonusers; P = .014). Grindr users were also nearly twice as likely as nonusers to initiate PrEP (24.6% vs 14%; P < .001). Conclusions Given the higher risk behavior and greater acceptance of PrEP among MSM who used Grindr, Grindr may provide a useful platform to promote HIV and STI testing and increase PrEP uptake.

scholarly journals Frequency and Predictors of Tenofovir-diphosphate Detection Among Young Kenyan Women in a Real-world Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Implementation Program

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. e509-e512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jillian Pintye ◽  
John Kinuthia ◽  
Felix Abuna ◽  
Kenneth Mugwanya ◽  
Harison Lagat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Real World ◽  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
Blood Spots ◽  
Implementation Program ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Kenyan Women ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Tenofovir Diphosphate

Abstract In a pre-exposure prophylaxis program for Kenyan women, we detected tenofovir-diphosphate in 61% (125/201) of randomly selected dried blood spots collected at the first follow-up visit. Tenofovir-diphosphate was detected more frequently among women who had partners living with human immunodeficiency virus, who were not pregnant, and who were ≥24 years.

Developing Educational Animations on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis for Women. (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Marie Young ◽  
Timothee Fruhauf ◽  
Obianuju Okonkwo ◽  
Erin Gingher ◽  
Jenell Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Educational Tools ◽  
Academic Center ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

BACKGROUND Despite experiencing the second highest rate of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) incidence in the United States, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use remains low among Black women due, in part, to lack of patients’ awareness and providers’ knowledge. OBJECTIVE Our goal was to design animated educational tools to specifically address these barriers for women at risk for HIV. METHODS Based on formative work, two animation storyboards about PrEP for women were created, one for patients and one for providers. Separate focus groups with community members from Baltimore and women’s health providers at an academic center were conducted to elicit feedback. Transcripts were analyzed thematically, and findings incorporated in the final versions of the animations. RESULTS Themes most commonly discussed during the patient animation focus groups were understandability of side-effects, HIV risk factors, messaging, PrEP access, and use confidence. Providers commonly discussed indications for PrEP, side-effects, and prescribing confidence. CONCLUSIONS We developed and iteratively refined two animations about HIV PrEP for women using stakeholder feedback, one for patients and the other for providers. Obtaining stakeholder feedback is a feasible and beneficial method for creating educational tools that are applicable to the targeted community, and possibly essential to its successful integration into practice. CLINICALTRIAL N/A

scholarly journals A NOVEL OF BIOMEDICAL APPROACH FOR HIV PREVENTION: AN INTEGRATED LITERATURE REVIEW

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Linlin Lindayani
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

ABSTRAKSecara global, jumlah kasus baru terinfeksi Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) sudah mengalami penurunan yang signifikan. Akan tetapi dibeberapa wilayah negara seperti Afrika dan Asia Tenggara, jumlah kasus baru terinfeksi HIV masil mengalami peningkatan. Upaya pencegahan seperti promosi penggunaan kondom, sunat bagi laki-laki, dan skrining HIV sudah diimpementasikan dengan baik. Tetapi, pendekatan tersebut tetap saja tidak menghilangkan seseorang terkena resiko HIV bahkan mungkin untuk pasangan yang hidup dengan penderita HIV malah meningkatan resiko mereka tertular HIV. Sehingga dibutuhkan suatu pendekatan lain yang efekti dan mampu meminimalkan sekecil-kecilnya resiko seseorang tertular HIV. Tujuan dari review ini adalah untuk mengkaji efektifitas pendekatan baru yang dikenal dengan pendekatan biomedik terhadap penurunan resiko tertular HIV. Melalui pencarian secara komprehensif di beberap sumber data seperti PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, clinicaltrials.gov, htpn.org, and meta-register dilakukan terutama berfokus pada studi yang diterbitkan dalam Bahasa Inggris pada tahun 2005 sampai 2015. Hasil dari pengkajian tersebut menunjukan bahwa pendekatan biomedik seperti pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) dan post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) merupakan suatu pendekatan yang terbukti efektif dalam menurunkan penularan HIV terutama pada kelompok-kelompok dengan resiko tinggi seperti homoseksual atau heteroseksual. Sehingga, pemerintah Indonesia mungkin sudah bisa melakukan pengkajian yang dalam dan membuat pedoman tatalaksana pencegahan HIV dengan pendekatan ini. ABSTRACTThe number of new cases of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infections has decreased significantly worldwide. However, in some regions such as Africa and South East Asian, new HIV infections remain high. Prevention strategies such as promoting condom use, male circumcision, and early HIV detection have been implemented well. However, all those approaches still putting people at high risk of HIV infection. The purpose of this review is to summarize current evidence about biomedical approach as an effective HIV prevention. A comprehensive computerized literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, clinicaltrials.gov, htpn.org, and meta-register to retrieved relevant literature published from 2005 to 2015 in English to review a current approach for HIV prevention. Biomedical approaches using antiretroviral drugs have shown good efficacy in the prevention of mother-child transmission for post exposure prophylaxis. Recent evidence has also found pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to be promising in preventing HIV. Both WHO and CDC recommended to integrate PrEP and post exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention strategies. Health care policy needs to consider the biomedical approach to HIV prevention, especially in Indonesia. Therefore, Indonesia government may start to develop a clinical guideline and deeply assess the possibility to implement this approach in clinical practice.Keywords: biomedical approach, prevention, HIV, treatment

scholarly journals Highly Productive Infection with Pseudotyped Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Indicates No Intracellular Restrictions to HIV-1 Replication in Primary Human Astrocytes

2001 ◽  
Vol 75 (17) ◽  
pp. 7925-7933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Canki ◽  
Janice Ngee Foong Thai ◽  
Wei Chao ◽  
Anuja Ghorpade ◽  
Mary Jane Potash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Productive Infection ◽  
Human Astrocytes ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Virus Expression ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT Human astrocytes can be infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in vitro and in vivo, but, in contrast to T lymphocytes and macrophages, virus expression is inefficient. To investigate the HIV-1 life cycle in human fetal astrocytes, we infected cells with HIV-1 pseudotyped with envelope glycoproteins of either amphotropic murine leukemia virus or vesicular stomatitis virus. Infection by both pseudotypes was productive and long lasting and reached a peak of 68% infected cells and 1.7 μg of viral p24 per ml of culture supernatant 7 days after virus inoculation and then continued with gradually declining levels of virus expression through 7 weeks of follow-up. This contrasted with less than 0.1% HIV-1 antigen-positive cells and 400 pg of extracellular p24 per ml at the peak of astrocyte infection with native HIV-1. Cell viability and growth kinetics were similar in infected and control cells. Northern blot analysis revealed the presence of major HIV-1 RNA species of 9, 4, and 2 kb in astrocytes exposed to pseudotyped (but not wild-type) HIV-1 at 2, 14, and 28 days after infection. Consistent with productive infection, the 9- and 4-kb viral transcripts in astrocytes infected by pseudotyped HIV-1 were as abundant as the 2-kb mRNA during 4 weeks of follow-up, and both structural and regulatory viral proteins were detected in infected cells by immunoblotting or cell staining. The progeny virus released by these cells was infectious. These results indicate that the major barrier to HIV-1 infection of primary astrocytes is at virus entry and that astrocytes have no intrinsic intracellular restriction to efficient HIV-1 replication.

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