scholarly journals Incidence of medically attended acute respiratory illnesses due to respiratory viruses across the life course during the 2018/19 influenza season

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L Jackson ◽  
Lea Starita ◽  
Erika Kiniry ◽  
C Hallie Phillips ◽  
Stacie Wellwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Season ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Acute Respiratory Illness ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
The Life Course

Abstract Background While multiple respiratory viruses circulate in humans, few studies have compared the incidence of different viruses across the life course. We estimated the incidence of outpatient illness due to 12 different viruses during November 2018 through April 2019 in a fully enumerated population. Methods We conducted active surveillance for ambulatory care visits for acute respiratory illness (ARI) among members of Kaiser Permanente Washington (KPWA). Enrolled patients provided respiratory swab specimens which were tested for 12 respiratory viruses using RT-PCR. We estimated the cumulative incidence of infection due to each virus overall and by age group. Results The KPWA population under surveillance included 202,562 individuals, of whom 2,767 (1.4%) were enrolled in the study. Influenza A(H3N2) was the most commonly detected virus, with an overall incidence 21 medically attended illnesses per 1,000 population; the next most common viruses were influenza A(H1N1) (18 per 1,000), coronaviruses (13 per 1,000), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV, 13 per 1,000), and rhinovirus (9 per 1,000). RSV was the most common cause of medically attended ARI among children aged 1-4 years; coronaviruses were the most common among adults aged ≥65 years. Conclusions Consistent with other studies focused on single viruses, we found that influenza and RSV were major causes of acute respiratory illness in persons of all ages. In comparison, coronaviruses and rhinovirus were also important pathogens. Prior to the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, coronaviruses were the second-most common cause of medically attended ARI during the 2018/19 influenza season.

scholarly journals Vaccine effectiveness against influenza-associated hospitalizations among adults, 2018-2019, US Hospitalized Adult Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Ferdinands ◽  
M Gaglani ◽  
S Ghamande ◽  
E T Martin ◽  
D Middleton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Season ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
H3n2 Virus ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
The Us ◽  
Middle Aged Adults ◽  
Residual Confounding

Abstract We estimated vaccine effectiveness for prevention of influenza-associated hospitalizations among adults during the 2018-2019 influenza season. Adults admitted with acute respiratory illness to 14 hospitals of the US Hospitalized Adult Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network and testing positive for influenza were cases; patients testing negative were controls. Vaccine effectiveness was estimated using logistic regression and inverse probability of treatment weighting. We analyzed data from 2863 patients with mean age of 63 years. Adjusted VE against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09-associated hospitalization was 51% (95%CI 25, 68). Adjusted VE against influenza A(H3N2) virus-associated hospitalization was −2% (95%CI −65, 37) and differed significantly by age, with VE of −130% (95% CI −374, −27) among adults 18 to ≤56 years of age. Although vaccination halved the risk of influenza-A(H1N1)pdm09-associated hospitalizations, it conferred no protection against influenza A(H3N2)-associated hospitalizations. We observed negative VE for young-and middle-aged adults but cannot exclude residual confounding as a potential explanation.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Genetic Characteristics of Human Bocaviruses Detected in Patients with Acute Respiratory Infections in Bulgaria

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Neli Korsun ◽  
Svetla Angelova ◽  
Ivelina Trifonova ◽  
Silvia Voleva ◽  
Iliana Grigorova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Vp2 Gene ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Нuman bocaviruses (hBoVs) are often associated with acute respiratory infections (ARIs). Information on the distribution and molecular epidemiology of hBoVs in Bulgaria is currently limited. The objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence and genetic characteristics of hBoVs detected in patients with ARIs in Bulgaria. From October 2016 to September 2019, nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swabs were prospectively collected from 1842 patients of all ages and tested for 12 common respiratory viruses using a real-time RT-PCR. Phylogenetic and amino acid analyses of the hBoV VP1/VP2 gene/protein were performed. HBoV was identified in 98 (5.3%) patients and was the 6th most prevalent virus after respiratory-syncytial virus (20.4%), influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 (11.1%), A(H3N2) (10.5%), rhinoviruses (9.9%), and adenoviruses (6.8%). Coinfections with other respiratory viruses were detected in 51% of the hBoV-positive patients. Significant differences in the prevalence of hBoVs were found during the different study periods and in patients of different age groups. The detection rate of hBoV was the highest in patients aged 0–4 years (6.9%). In this age group, hBoV was the only identified virus in 9.7%, 5.8%, and 1.1% of the children diagnosed with laryngotracheitis, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia, respectively. Among patients aged ≥5 years, hBoV was detected as a single agent in 2.2% of cases of pneumonia. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all Bulgarian hBoV strains belonged to the hBoV1 genotype. A few amino acid substitutions were identified compared to the St1 prototype strain. This first study amongst an all-age population in Bulgaria showed a significant rate of hBoV detection in some serious respiratory illnesses in early childhood, year-to-year changes in the hBoV prevalence, and low genetic variability in the circulating strains.

scholarly journals Aetiology of influenza-like illness in adults includes parainfluenzavirus type 4

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 408-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hatice Hasman ◽  
Constance T. Pachucki ◽  
Arife Unal ◽  
Diep Nguyen ◽  
Troy Devlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Parainfluenza Viruses ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Human Parainfluenza Viruses

Influenza viruses cause significant morbidity and mortality in adults each winter. At the same time, other respiratory viruses circulate and cause respiratory illness with influenza-like symptoms. Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV), human parainfluenza viruses (HPIV) and human metapneumovirus have all been associated with morbidity and mortality in adults, including nosocomial infections. This study evaluated 154 respiratory specimens collected from adults with influenza-like/acute respiratory illness (ILI) seen at the Edward Hines Jr VA Hospital, Hines, IL, USA, during two successive winters, 1998–1999 and 1999–2000. The samples were tested for ten viruses in two nested multiplex RT-PCRs. One to three respiratory viruses were detected in 68 % of the samples. As expected, influenza A virus (FLU-A) infections were most common (50 % of the samples), followed by HRSV-A (16 %). Surprisingly, HPIV-4 infections (5.8 %) were the third most prevalent. Mixed infections were also relatively common (11 %). When present, HPIV infections were approximately three times more likely to be included in a mixed infection than FLU-A or HRSV. Mixed infections and HPIV-4 are likely to be missed using rapid diagnostic tests. This study confirms that ILI in adults and the elderly can be caused by HRSV and HPIVs, including HPIV-4, which co-circulate with FLU-A.

scholarly journals 1791. Novel Metabolomics Approach for the Diagnosis of Respiratory Viruses Directly from Nasopharyngeal Specimens

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S660-S660
Author(s):  
Catherine Hogan ◽  
Anthony T Le ◽  
Justin Mak ◽  
Malaya Kumar. Sahoo ◽  
Tina Cowan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Cell ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Primary Component ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Compound Identification ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Abstract Background Respiratory virus infections are important causes of morbidity and mortality among pediatric and adult patients. These viruses infect respiratory epithelial cells, where they may induce specific metabolite alterations. As a proof-of-concept, we investigate the novel use of liquid chromatography (LC) combined with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Q-TOF) for the study of host cell metabolite alterations to diagnose and differentiate respiratory viruses. Methods We studied nasopharyngeal swab samples positive for respiratory viruses by the eSensor Respiratory Viral Panel (GenMark Diagnostics, Carlsbad, CA). Banked, frozen samples (−80°C) stored in viral transport media were retrieved and thawed. Aliquots of 100 μL were centrifuged at 13.3 × g for 15 minutes, and the filtrate was analyzed by Agilent 6545 Quadrupole LC/Q-TOF (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA). Compounds were separated using a novel column arrangement based on hydrophobicity and charge using a quaternary solvent manager, followed by accurate mass analysis by LC/Q-TOF. Agilent Mass Profiler 3D principal component analysis was performed, and compound identification was completed using the METLIN metabolite database. Results A total of 235 specimens were tested by LC/Q-TOF, including 195 positive specimens [including adenovirus, coronavirus, influenza A H1N1 and H3N2, influenza B, human metapneumovirus, parainfluenza viruses 1, 2, 3, and 4, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and rhinovirus] as well as 40 negative clinical specimens. LC/Q-TOF primary component analysis (PCA) allowed preliminary identification of key metabolites that distinguished all virus-positive specimens compared with the negative group, and differentiated respiratory viruses from one another including between influenza A 2009 H1N1 and H3N2 subtypes (Figure 1). Conclusion Preliminary data from our LC/Q-TOF analysis show that respiratory viruses exhibit different host cell metabolomic profiles that allow viral differentiation to the species level, and for influenza A virus, the subtype level. This metabolomic approach has substantial potential for diagnostic applications in infectious diseases directly from patient samples, and may be eventually adapted for point-of-care testing. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Mortality Following Isolation of Various Respiratory Viruses in Nursing Home Residents

1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 812-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Drinka ◽  
Stefan Gravenstein ◽  
Elizabeth Langer ◽  
Peggy Krause ◽  
Peter Shult
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Skilled Nursing Facility ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Viral Respiratory

AbstractObjective:To compare mortality following isolation of influenza A to mortality following isolation of other respiratory viruses in a nursing home.Setting:The Wisconsin Veterans Home, a 688-bed skilled nursing facility for veterans and their spouses.Participants:All residents with respiratory viral isolates obtained between 1988 and 1999.Design:Thirty-day mortality was determined following each culture-proven illness.Results:Thirty-day mortality following isolation of viral respiratory pathogens was 4.7% (15/322) for influenza A 5.4% (7/129) for influenza B; 6.1% (3/49) for parainfluenza type 1; 0% (0/26) for parainfluenza types 2,3, and 4; 0% (0/26) for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV); and 1.6% (1/61) for rhinovirus.Conclusions:Mortality following isolation of certain other respiratory viruses may be comparable to that following influenza A (although influenza A mortality might be higher without vaccination and antiviral agents). The use of uniform secretion precautions for all viral respiratory illness deserves consideration in nursing homes.

scholarly journals A Cross-sectional Surveillance Study of the Frequency and Etiology of Acute Respiratory Illness Among Pregnant Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 218 (4) ◽  
pp. 528-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne M Hause ◽  
Vasanthi Avadhanula ◽  
Maurizio L Maccato ◽  
Phillip M Pinell ◽  
Nanette Bond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Prescription Medication ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Acute Respiratory Illness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Abstract Background Other than influenza, little is known about the consequences of viral acute respiratory illness (ARI) on pregnant women and fetuses. Our objectives were to determine the frequency of ARI due to respiratory viruses and the associated clinical outcomes during pregnancy. Methods Pregnant women in their second or third trimester were enrolled if they reported having symptoms of ARI or were healthy within the preceding 2 weeks. Nasopharyngeal secretions were evaluated for respiratory viruses by molecular diagnostic assays. Clinical outcomes were evaluated at enrollment and via a follow-up telephone-based questionnaire 2 weeks later. Results There were 155 pregnant participants, with 81 ARI cases and 91 healthy controls. Acute lower respiratory tract illness (ALRTI) was identified in 29 cases (36%). Human rhinovirus (HRV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and influenza virus accounted for 75% of virus-positive cases of ALRTI. Cases with ALRTI often reported a longer duration of illness, history of allergies, symptoms of wheezing, shortness of breath, or chest pain, and use of prescription medication. Two cases with ALRTI reported decreased fetal movement; a third case with ALRTI was hospitalized. Conclusions In over one third of ARI cases, participants had symptoms consistent with ALRTI. Infection with HRV, RSV, or influenza virus was commonly detected in patients with ALRTI. Viral ALRTI during pregnancy appears to be common and is associated with significant morbidity.

scholarly journals Post-pandemic influenza A/H1N1pdm09 is associated with more severe outcomes than A/H3N2 and other respiratory viruses in adult hospitalisations

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Minney-Smith ◽  
L. A. Selvey ◽  
A. Levy ◽  
D. W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Icu Admission ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Abstract This study compares the frequency and severity of influenza A/H1N1pdm09 (A/H1), influenza A/H3N2 (A/H3) and other respiratory virus infections in hospitalised patients. Data from 17 332 adult hospitalised patients admitted to Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, with a respiratory illness between 2012 and 2015 were linked with data containing reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction results for respiratory viruses including A/H1, A/H3, influenza B, human metapneumovirus, respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza. Of these, 1753 (10.1%) had test results. Multivariable regression analyses were conducted to compare the viruses for clinical outcomes including ICU admission, ventilation, pneumonia, length of stay and death. Patients with A/H1 were more likely to experience severe outcomes such as ICU admission (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.2–5.5, P = 0.016), pneumonia (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.6–5.7, P < 0.001) and lower risk of discharge from hospital (indicating longer lengths of hospitalisation; HR 0.64 95% CI 0.47–0.88, P = 0.005), than patients with A/H3. Patients with a non-influenza respiratory virus were less likely to experience severe clinical outcomes than patients with A/H1, however, had similar likelihood when compared to patients with A/H3. Patients hospitalised with A/H1 had higher odds of severe outcomes than patients with A/H3 or other respiratory viruses. Knowledge of circulating influenza strains is important for healthcare preparedness.

Excess mortality is associated with influenza A (H1N1) in patients with severe acute respiratory illness

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 62-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzana Margareth Lobo ◽  
Aripuanã Sakurada Aranha Watanabe ◽  
Maria Lúcia Machado Salomão ◽  
Flavia Queiroz ◽  
Joelma Vilafanha Gandolfi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Acute Respiratory Illness ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Illness

scholarly journals SALIENT FEATURES OF CIRCULATING RESPIRATORY VIRUSES IN THE PRE– AND PANDEMIC INFLUENZA AND COVID–19 SEASONS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. V. Kiseleva ◽  
N. V. Larionova ◽  
E. P. Grigorieva ◽  
A. D. Ksenafontov ◽  
M. Al Farroukh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pandemic Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Opportunity To Learn ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Pdm09 Virus ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Abstract. A wide variety of zoonotic viruses that can cross the interspecies barrier promote the emergence of new, potentially pandemic viruses in the human population that was often accompanied by the disappearance of existing circulating strains. Among the various reasons underlying this phenomenon is the strengthening of populational immunity by expanding the immune layer of the population and improving the means and methods of medical care. However, “Natura abhorret vacuum”, and new pathogens come to replace disappearing pathogens. In the past ten years, there have been two critical events – the pandemic spread of the swine influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 virus in 2009 and the novel SARS–CoV–2 coronavirus in 2019, providing scientists with a unique opportunity to learn more about a relationship between respiratory viruses and their pathogenesis. Together with viruses of pandemic significance, a large number of seasonal respiratory viruses circulate, which contribute to the structure of human morbidity, and co–infections aggravate the condition of the illness. In the conditions of the spread of new viruses with unexplored characteristics, in the absence of means of prevention and therapy, it is especially important to prevent the aggravation of morbidity due to mixed infections. Here we review the mutual involvement of pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and SARS–CoV–2 coronavirus and seasonal respiratory viruses in the epidemic process, discuss some issues related to their spread, potential causes affecting the spread and severity of the morbidity. The given facts, testify to the existence of seasonality and temporal patterns of the beginning and end of the circulation of respiratory viruses. Interestingly, the beginning of the circulation of the pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus led to a shift in the timing and intensity of circulation of some respiratory viruses, which is probably caused by the existence of "replication conflicts" between them, and did not affect others. Co–infection with SARS–CoV–2–19 and other respiratory viruses, especially respiratory syncytial virus and rhinoviruses, was quite often observed. At the current stage, no aggravating effect of influenza on the course of COVID–19 in mixed infection has been established. Whether this is due to the mild course of influenza infection in the 2020 epidemic season, or the competitive impact of SARS–CoV–2 on influenza viruses is not yet clear. Experts are still at the stage of accumulating facts and working on creating means of effective prevention and treatment of the new coronavirus infection.

scholarly journals DETECTION OF INFLUENZA VIRUSES AMONG HOSPITALIZED CASES SUFFERING FROM SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY ILLNESS (SARI) IN SANA’A CITY, YEMEN

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina Abdulljabbar Abdullah Al-Ademi ◽  
Abdulilah Hussein Al-Harazi ◽  
Hassan A. Al-Shamahy ◽  
Bushra Mohammed Jaadan
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Acute Respiratory Illness ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Illness

Influenza is a major cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. So national influenza surveillance have been important for understanding the epidemiology of influenza over time. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence rate of influenza viruses among hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory illness (SARI), identify circulating types and subtypes of influenza viruses among them, and determine the risk factors associated with SARI. A total of 320 hospitalized patients suffering from SARI at Al Joumhouri University hospital in Sana’a city were enrolled; and their age was ranged from < 1 year to ≥ 56 years. Both nasopharyngeal and oro-pharyngeal swabs were collected from each patient and tested by using rRT-PCR technique for the detection of influenza A, influenza B and subtypes of influenza A viruses (A/H1N1(2009) and A/H3N2). The crude prevalent rate of influenza viruses among SARI patients was 10.9%;the female rate was 12.4%, and the male rate was 9.9%. The rate of Flu A in the total SARI cases was 5.9% and for Flu B was 5%. In addition 3.8% of SARI patients were suffering from influenza A/H3N2, 2.2% from influenza A/H1N1(2009) infections; and the mortality rate for influenza infections was 17.1%. Also, a high mortality rate was occurred in influenza infections in age groups 36-45 years and 6-15 years. Also, there was a significant association between flu infection; and 46-55 years group (OR=2.8), Winter time (OR=17.5), cardiac diseases (OR=9.1), and diabetic mellitus (OR=3.7). In conclusion: both influenza A and B were represented as a causative agents of SARI, and Influenza A/H3N2 was present subtype followed by A/H1N1(2009). The frequency of influenza viruses ascertain among SARI patients in Yemen highlights the need for health authorities to develop strategies to reduce morbidity among at-risk population in the course of vaccine recommendation.

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