scholarly journals Characteristics of Motor Dysfunction in Longstanding Human Immunodeficiency Virus

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1532-1538
Author(s):  
Jessica Robinson-Papp ◽  
Gary Gensler ◽  
Allison Navis ◽  
Seth Sherman ◽  
Ronald J Ellis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Motor Dysfunction ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Complex Motor ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
Motor Abnormalities ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Background Cognitive dysfunction in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has decreased, but milder forms of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) persist along with motor dysfunction. The HIV Motor Scale (HMS) is a validated tool that captures motor abnormalities on routine neurologic examination and which is associated with cognitive impairment in HIV. In this study, we applied a modified HMS (MHMS) to a nationwide cohort of people with longstanding HIV to characterize and understand the factors contributing to motor dysfunction. Methods The National NeuroAIDS Tissue Consortium is a nationwide longitudinal cohort study. Participants undergo regular assessments including neurological examination, neuropsychological testing, and immunovirologic data collection. Data from examinations were used to calculate the MHMS score, which was then correlated with history of AIDS-related central nervous system (CNS) disorders (ARCD; eg, prior CNS opportunistic infection), cerebrovascular disease (CVD), and HAND. Results Sixty-nine percent of participants showed an abnormality on the MHMS, with 27% classified as severe. Results did not vary based on demographic or immunologic variables. The most common abnormalities seen were gait (54%), followed by coordination (39%) and strength (25%), and these commonly co-occurred. CVD (P = .02), history of ARCD (P = .001), and HAND (P = .001) were all associated with higher (ie, worse) HMS in univariate analyses; CVD and ARCD persisted in multivariate analyses. CVD was also marginally associated with symptomatic HAND. Conclusions Complex motor dysfunction remains common in HIV and is associated with CVD, ARCD, and to a lesser extent, HAND. Future studies are needed to understand the longitudinal trajectory of HIV-associated motor dysfunction, its neural substrates, and impact on quality of life.

Pneumocystis carinii infection in bilateral aural polyps in a human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient

2002 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 288-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. V. Praveen ◽  
R. M. Terry ◽  
M. Elmahallawy ◽  
C. Horsfield
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Opportunistic Infection ◽  
Pneumocystis Carinii ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Positive Patient ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pneumocystis Carinii Infection

Pneumocystis carinii is an opportunistic infection found in patients with impaired immunity. Under favourable conditions the parasite can spread via the blood stream or lymphatic vessels and cause extrapulmonary dissemination. We report a case of P carinii infection presenting as bilateral aural polyps, otitis media and mastoiditis in human immunodeficiency (HIV)-positive patient with no history of prior or concomitant P carinii infection.

Decreased Thymus Size on Chest Radiography: A Sign of Pediatric Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-102
Author(s):  
ALAN MEYERS ◽  
NICHOLAS PEPE ◽  
WILLIAM CRANLEY ◽  
KATHLEEN MCCARTEN
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Chest Radiography ◽  
Pediatric Hiv ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Generalized Lymphadenopathy ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Thymus Size

The early diagnosis of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in infancy is clinically important but remains problematic in the asymptomatic child born to an HIV-infected mother. In addition, many such women are unaware of their HIV infection until their child manifests symptomatic HIV disease. Nonspecific signs of pediatric HIV infection, such as generalized lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, or persistent thrush, may be important in alerting the clinician to consider the possibility of HIV infection in the child whose history of HIV risk is unknown. We report one such sign which may be evident on plain chest radiography. The pathology of the thymus gland in pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome has been described by Joshi and colleagues,1-3 who have reported precocious involution with marked reduction in thymus size and weight.

scholarly journals Natural History of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease in Southern India

2003 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Kumarasamy ◽  
Suniti Solomon ◽  
Timothy P. Flanigan ◽  
R. Hemalatha ◽  
S. P. Thyagarajan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Southern India ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Identification of risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa population: A case control study

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamila Haider ◽  
Ghosia Lutfullah ◽  
Irshad Ur Rehman ◽  
Irfan Khattak
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1

Objectives: The present study aims to identify the risk factors for Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1(HIV-1) infection in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) population by comparing HIV-antibody positive cases with HIV-antibody-negative controls. Methods: The study was designed at the Family Care Centre (FCC), Hayatabad Medical Centre (HMC) Peshawar from February 2015 to December 2016. A total of 280 individuals were selected randomly for the study as cases and control. Data was collected on a structured questionnaire with informed oral consent. The collected data was analysed statistically using SPSS version 20. Results: Out of 280 individuals, 56% were males, 44% were females, and 53.21% belonged to the urban areas. The literacy rate was 48.6%, and 75.4% were married. The statistical analysis of risk factors revealed the following factors as of significance value (p < 0.05). Family history of HIV (OR = 9.46), spouse status of HIV (OR=22.22), injection drug users (IDUs), migrants (OR=2.234), use of therapeutic injections (OR= 2.791), employment (OR=2.545), male gender (OR=2.35), tattooing (OR=7.667) and history of blood transfusion (OR= 2.69). Conclusion: The present study revealed spouse status of HIV, tattooing, migrants, IDUs, use of therapeutic injections, history of blood transfusion, male gender and employment as significant risk factors for HIV infection in the population of KP. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.5.258 How to cite this:Haider J, Lutfullah G, Irshad ur Rehman, Khattak I. Identification of risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa population: A case control study. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.5.258 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals Impact of Safe Water Programs on Water Treatment Practices of People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Ethiopia, 2008

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3261
Author(s):  
Sunkyung Kim ◽  
Ciara E. O’Reilly ◽  
Sisay A. Abayneh ◽  
Achuyt Bhattarai ◽  
Jelaludin Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Treatment Practices ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Diarrhea Incidence ◽  
Current Water ◽  
Water Chlorination ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Hiv Programs

Household water chlorination has been shown to reduce diarrhea incidence among people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLHIV). Some HIV programs in Ethiopia previously provided a socially marketed chlorination product (brand name WuhaAgar) to prevent diarrhea. To evaluate the program, we compared WuhaAgar use and water treatment practices between 795 clients from 20 antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinics and 795 community members matched by age, sex, and neighborhood. Overall, 19% of study participants reported water treatment with WuhaAgar. Being an ART clinic client was associated with reported treatment of drinking water (matched odds ratios (mOR): 3.8, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.9–5.0), reported current water treatment with WuhaAgar (mOR: 5.5, 95% CI 3.9–7.7), and bottles of WuhaAgar observed in the home (mOR: 8.8, 95% CI 5.4–14.3). Being an ART clinic client was also associated with reported diarrhea among respondents (mOR: 4.8, 95% CI 2.9–7.9) and household members (mOR:2.8, 95% CI: 1.9–4.2) in the two weeks preceding the survey. Results suggest that promoting and distributing water chlorination products in ART clinics was effective in increasing access to and use of water treatment products among PLHIV. The positive association between ART clinic attendees and diarrhea likely resulted from the immunocompromised status of ART clinic clients.

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