Free Amino Acids in Human Tonsillar Tissue

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuyuki Doi ◽  
Akikatsu Kataura
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Amino Butyric Acid ◽  
Pathological Conditions

Abstract Free amino acids in the tonsils of 20 individuals were measured column chromatographically. Those always found in readily detectable amounts included O-phosphoserine, taurine, O-phosphoethanolamine, aspartic acid, hydroxyproline, threonine, serine, glutamic acid, proline, glycine, alanine, α-amino-n-butyric acid, valine, cystine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, ornithine, γ-amino-butyric acid, lysine, histidine, and arginine. Results were compared for three clinical pathological groups and for four age groups. Some abnormal values may result from the pathological conditions.

Analytische Untersuchungen des Wehrsekretes von Peripatopsis moseleyi (Onychophora) / Analytical Investigations of the Defensive Secretion from Peripatopsis moseleyi (Onychophora)

1977 ◽  
Vol 32 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 57-b ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Röper
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Defensive Secretion ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine

The defensive secretion of Peripatopsis moseleyi (Onychophora) consists of 84% water and 16% protein and free amino acids. The secretion’s defensive effectiveness is an anti-predator “sticking” action. The secretion is flung out of the oral papillae in liquid state. It is then denaturized by the air and develops increasingly sticky white threads, probably through the devel­opment of disulfide bridges from the protein content. The elastic properties of the secretion threads indicate a micellar structure. The defensive secretion contains no volatile organic components or carbohydrates. This was confirmed by gas- liquid chromatography and thin-layer chromatography. After acidic hydrolysis of the secretion the following amino acids were determined quantita­tively: aspartic acid, threonine, serine, proline, glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, valine, cysteine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, lysine, histidine and arginine. A “rare” amino acid was not identified. Tryptophane was not present (basic secretion hydrolysis). The quantita­tive determination of free amino acids, based on the total content, showed the following results: glycine (40.9%), glutamic acid (10.8%), aspartic acid (2.65%), lysine (1.3%). This result shows, that the secretion is stored in a watery glycine/glutaminic acid buffer in the oral papillae of Peripatopsis moseleyi. High voltage paper electrophoreses and gel filtration experiments with dextran and agarose gels showed, that the secretion protein consists of, at least, two fractions with different molecular weight.

scholarly journals Utilization in vivo of glucose and volatile fatty acids by sheep brain for the synthesis of acidic amino acids

1966 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
R M O'Neal ◽  
R E Koeppe ◽  
E I Williams
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Sheep Brain ◽  
The Brain

1. Free glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glutamic acid from glutamine and, in some instances, the glutamic acid from glutathione and the aspartic acid from N-acetyl-aspartic acid were isolated from the brains of sheep and assayed for radioactivity after intravenous injection of [2-(14)C]glucose, [1-(14)C]acetate, [1-(14)C]butyrate or [2-(14)C]propionate. These brain components were also isolated and analysed from rats that had been given [2-(14)C]propionate. The results indicate that, as in rat brain, glucose is by far the best precursor of the free amino acids of sheep brain. 2. Degradation of the glutamate of brain yielded labelling patterns consistent with the proposal that the major route of pyruvate metabolism in brain is via acetyl-CoA, and that the short-chain fatty acids enter the brain without prior metabolism by other tissue and are metabolized in brain via the tricarboxylic acid cycle. 3. When labelled glucose was used as a precursor, glutamate always had a higher specific activity than glutamine; when labelled fatty acids were used, the reverse was true. These findings add support and complexity to the concept of the metabolic; compartmentation' of the free amino acids of brain. 4. The results from experiments with labelled propionate strongly suggest that brain metabolizes propionate via succinate and that this metabolic route may be a limited but important source of dicarboxylic acids in the brain.

Effect of nonessential amino acids on phagostimulation and maintenance of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
pp. 2224-2229 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. N. Srivastava ◽  
J. L. Auclair ◽  
U. Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Prolonged Survival ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Amino Butyric Acid ◽  
Sucrose Solutions ◽  
Nonessential Amino Acids

Eleven nonessential amino acids and amides, at concentrations ranging from 0.001 to 1.0% in 35% sucrose solutions, were individually tested for their role in phagostimulation, growth, and survival in Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris). Alanine and -γ-amino butyric acid were generally phagostimulatory, whereas asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, cystine, glutamic acid, glycine, proline, serine, and tyrosine were generally inhibitory. Asparagine, glutamic acid, glycine, and proline supported growth and prolonged survival; aspartic acid and tyrosine increased weight but did not prolong survival, and alanine, -γ-amino butyric acid, cystine, cysteine, and serine neither promoted growth nor prolonged survival.

The production of extracellular amino acids by rumen bacteria

1978 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 1236-1241 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. L. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Culture Fluid ◽  
Rumen Bacteria ◽  
Active Growth

One hundred and sixteen freshly isolated rumen bacteria and 10 laboratory strains were studied for the production and excretion of free amino acids during growth in a basal medium containing glucose, cellobiose, and soluble starch as the energy sources, (NH4)2SO4 as the prime nitrogen source, volatile fatty acids, hemin, vitamins, Na2CO3, and cysteine as the reducing agent. Amino acid analyses of 48-h culture fluids of the isolates indicated the presence of alanine, glutamic acid, valine, aspartic acid, glycine, serine, lysine, methionine, leucine, isoleucine, threonine, histidine, arginine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine. Most isolates excreted some free amino acids. Alanine, glutamic acid, valine, aspartic acid, and glycine were found in the greatest concentrations with some isolates accumulating between 50 and 295 μg/ml of one or more of these compounds. Concentrations of the remaining amino acids rarely exceeded 20 μg/ml of culture fluid. Growth studies demonstrated that the amino acids were excreted during active growth of the bacteria and ceased shortly after growth became limited.

ENDOCRINE CONTROL OF FREE AMINO ACIDS CONTENT IN UTERINE FLUID IN PREGNANT RABBITS

1972 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jaszczak ◽  
E. S. E. Hafez
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Endocrine Control ◽  
Uterine Fluid

ABSTRACT Free amino acid content was measured in the uterine fluid and blood serum in the following groups of rabbits 168 h post copulation: intact; intact progesterone-treated; ovariectomized progesterone-treated; ovariectomized progesterone-oestradiol-treated; and ovariectomized without hormonal treatment. At implantation, concentration of the majority of amino acid in uterine fluid exceeded greatly that of blood serum; the difference in concentration being maximal for glycine, taurine, alanine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, serine and threonine. Glutamine-asparagine and arginine were found in comparable quantities or were even higher in blood serum. Glycine, alanine, taurine, glutamic acid, serine and glutamine-asparagine were found in highest concentration in the uterine fluid. The level of ammonia in uterine fluid was also relatively high. Exogenous progesterone and oestradiol caused significant changes in the concentration of some amino acid. The concentration of glycine, taurine, alanine, serine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, threonine, ½ cystine and histidine seems to be especially hormonally dependent. The results are discussed in relation to hormonal activity of corpora lutea during early pregnancy, physiological significance of free amino acids in uterine fluid and nourishment of an early embryo.

scholarly journals Study of Epilobium angustifolium L. amino acids content by HPLC method

2021 ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
Halyna Feshchenko ◽  
Oleksandra Oleshchuk ◽  
Liudmyla Slobodianiuk ◽  
Ivanna Milian
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Epilobium Angustifolium ◽  
Amino Acids Composition

The use of plant raw materials is one of the areas of modern pharmaceutical science in the production of herbal drugs. The genus Epilobium counts more than 200 species, many species of which are used in traditional medicine. Among the Epilobium species, Epilobium angustifolium is one of the well-known medicinal plants which have been used worldwide in habitual medicine. There is insufficient information in the literature on the biologically active substances of Epilobium angustifolium L. The presence of three major polyphenol groups: phenolic acids, flavonoids, and ellagitannins were identified in E. angustifolium extracts. Traditionally, the infusion of leaves of this plant could be useful for headaches, cold and gastrointestinal disorder. The Epilobium angustifolium L. as an insufficiently studied plant is a promising object of study, including amino acids composition. To assess the relationship between the production of primary metabolites and their possible therapeutic properties, we analyzed the amino acid profile of the plant Epilobium angustifolium used in traditional medicine. The study of compounds generated by plants as a result of defense mechanisms permits an understanding of the molecular mechanism involved in their medicinal properties. The aim. Thus, the aim of the study was to conduct an HPLC analysis of the amino acids of E. angustifolium to establish the prospects for the use of the raw materials in medical and pharmaceutical practice. The results of the current study will be used in further breeding programs aimed to obtain an industrial form of E. angustifolium suitable for pharmaceutical and food applications. Materials and methods. The determination of amino acids composition of Epilobium angustifolium was conducted using Agilent 1200 (Agilent Technologies, USA). Results. The HPLC method identified sixteen free amino acids and seventeen bound amino acids in the Epilobium angustifolium herb. The studies have shown that Epilobium angustifolium L. herb is mainly composed of free amino acids such as L-phenylalanine (1.65 µg/mg), L-glutamic acid (1.51 µg/mg), L-arginine (1.24 µg/mg), L-alanine (0.98 µg/mg) and L-aspartic acid (0.57 µg/mg), which were presents in the greatest amount. The dominant bound amino acids in the studied raw material were L-glutamic acid, L-aspartic acid, L-leucine, and L-alanine, the content of which was 32.37 µg/mg, 10.59 µg/mg, 8.70 µg/mg, and 6.22 µg/mg respectively. Conclusions. Using the HPLC method determined the amino acids in the herb of Epilobium angustifolium L. The concentrations of L-aspartic acid, L-glutamic acid, L-arginine, L-alanine and L-phenylalanine are predominate among free and bound amino acids in the Epilobium angustifolium L. herb. The result shows that Epilobium angustifolium L. is the source of amino acids, so the use of this plant raw material for new remedies is possible in the future

The free amino-acids present in fresh and in fermented marrow stem kale

1954 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamish Robertson ◽  
A. John G. Barnett
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Amino Acid Pattern ◽  
Amino Butyric Acid ◽  
Partial Sterilization

1. An investigation has been made into the changes that take place in the free amino-acid pattern when kale-water slurries are allowed to ferment under conditions of (a) aeration, (b) anaerobiasis and (c) partial sterilization with sulphur dioxide.2. It has been found that, with aerated mixtures, the loss of free amino-acids is virtually complete within 2 weeks, while there is only a slight loss with the anaerobic mixtures. With mixtures containing sulphur dioxide no loss of amino-acids occur.3. The formation of α-amino butyric acid possibly from threonine has been noted.

Incorporation of 14CO2 in amides and amino acids in rusted bean leaves

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 1244-1251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vittorio Raggi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Bean Leaves

Free amino acids were analyzed in healthy and rust-infected bean leaves incubated for 180–200 min in light, with 14CO2. In rusted leaves the radioactivity of the pool diminishes gradually to 42% in the flaking stage and the beginning of sporulation and then gradually increases in the following days to values of 197% after the secondary sporulation 11 days from infection. An increase in percentage of total labelling of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and asparagine was noted, except just before sporulation, but above all, a marked and gradual increase in the labelling of glutamine was observed. This amide is probably assimilated to a greater degree by the fungus for the synthesis of its cell wall glucosamine. Diminution in the labelling of glycine and even more in the labelling of serine would instead be ascribed to the decrease in the photorespiratory activity.

Changes in Free Amino Acids and Sugars of Peanuts During Oil Roasting1

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chintana Oupadissakoon ◽  
Clyde T. Young
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Flavor Precursors

Abstract Changes in free amino acids and sugars during oil roasting of peanuts at a temperature of 147C (9–14 min) were investigated. While a majority of the free amino acids decreased as a result of the roasting treatment, glutamic acid and peptide-cysteine showed the largest percent decreases (59.5% and 83.5% respectively). Alanine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, unknown (4)-tyrosine showed only small changes. Typical flavor precursors (the sum of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, peptide, phenylalanine, and histidine) decreased about 57% during roasting while atypical flavor precursors (the sum of threonine, tyrosine, lysine, and arginine) dercreased slightly. The sugar data were variable, but on the average significantly decreased 8%.

scholarly journals POLYETIOLOGY OF NEONATAL GASTROENTERITIS IN CALVES

2021 ◽  
Vol 248 (4) ◽  
pp. 86-92
Author(s):  
I.I. Kalyuzhny ◽  
◽  
I.A. Nikulin ◽  
L.V. Annikova ◽  
N.I. Skvortsova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Saratov Region ◽  
Animal Diseases ◽  
Stable Period ◽  
Digestible Protein

The work was carried out at the Department of «Animal Diseases and VSE» of the Saratov State Agrarian University named after N.I. Vavilov, as well as in JSC «Meliorator» and JSC «Trudovaya»of the Marksovsky district of the Saratov region. The effect of insufficient feeding on the level of amino acids in the blood and colostrum and the effect of these factors on the incidence of diarrhea in calves has been established. With less complete and monotonous feeding (below the norm of feed units by 8.2 %, digestible protein by 44.2 %, calcium by 15.5 % and phosphorus by 50.9 %), there is a significant decrease in lysine, serine, alanine, tryptophan, methionine, valine, phenylalanine, leucine+ isoleucine, threonine, cystine+cysteine, arginine, histidine and tyrosine, and the amount of glycine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid decreases by a statistically unreliable amount. In cows that were in the stable period on a more complete feed diet, the content of free amino acids in the blood is lower in the month before calving by an average of 6.8 % and immediately after calving by 11.1 % than in the blood of cows 5-7 months before calving. In animals that were in the stable period on a less complete feed diet, the content of free amino acids in the blood is lower by an average of 18.4 % a month before calving and by 30 % immediately after calving than in the blood of cows 5-7 months before calving. The content of free amino acids in the blood of cows of the farm «prosperous» for diarrhea is higher than in the blood of cows of the farm «dysfunctional» for the disease.

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