scholarly journals Development and Evaluation of Three Immunofluorometric Assays That Measure Different Forms of Osteocalcin in Serum

2000 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanna-Maria Käkönen ◽  
Jukka Hellman ◽  
Matti Karp ◽  
Pirjo Laaksonen ◽  
Karl J Obrant ◽  
...  

Abstract Background: Circulating human osteocalcin (hOC) has been used as a marker of bone formation. Our aim was to validate three immunofluorometric assays (IFMAs), measuring different forms of hOC. Methods: The two-site IFMAs were based on previously characterized monoclonal antibodies. Assay 2 recognized intact hOC, assays 4 and 9 measured the NH2-terminal mid-fragment and the intact hOC. In addition, assay 9 required hOC to be γ-carboxylated. Results: A 76–79% increase of serum immunoreactive hOC was found in the postmenopausal group compared with the premenopausal group with all IFMAs. With EDTA-plasma samples, the observed increases were lower (49–65%). The hOC concentration in the postmenopausal group receiving hormone replacement therapy was 42–44% lower than that in the postmenopausal control group in both serum and EDTA-plasma samples. The depressed carboxylation in warfarin-treated patients was accompanied by lower results in assay 9. The ratio of assay 9 to assay 4 totally discriminated the warfarin-treated patients from the controls. Assay 9 showed the smallest decreases in measured hOC after storage of serum or plasma for 4 weeks at 4 °C, followed by assay 4 and assay 2. Results from the last assay were <17% of their initial values after 4 weeks of storage. No diurnal variation was observed with assay 9 as opposed to the two other IFMAs. Conclusion: The three assays with their distinct specificity profiles (intact vs fragmented and carboxylated vs decarboxylated hOC) may provide valuable tools for investigating the significance of different hOC forms in various bone-related diseases.

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Atílla ◽  
A. Arslanpençe ◽  
F. Batioğlu ◽  
T. Eryilmaz ◽  
S. Aytaç ◽  
...  

Purpose To evaluate the effect of hormone replacement therapy on ocular hemodynamics in postmenopausal women. Methods Ocular Doppler ultrasonography was performed in 20 postmenopausal women on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and in 20 women without treatment, as the control group. Central retinal artery (CRA), posterior ciliary artery (PCA) and ophthalmic artery (OA) flow velocities and vascular resistances were measured prospectively by a radiologist blinded to the therapy. There were no associated systemic or ocular diseases or any medication history. Results The mean age of the patients on HRT was 50.05 ± 4.5 yrs (range 44 - 62). The mean age of the control group was 52.8 ± 4.09 yrs (range 46 - 65). The mean duration of HRT was 1.6 ± 1.4 yrs (range 3 months - 5 years). There were no differences between the groups in terms of flow velocities, vascular resistivities or pulsatility indices of OA, CRA and PCA (p>0.05). Conclusions HRT is essential in postmenopausal women for relief of vasomotor symptoms, cardioprotection and prevention of osteoporosis. Even though vaso-occlusive complications of hormone preparations have been reported, we did not observe any changes in ocular hemodynamics detectable with Doppler ultrasonography.


1996 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 685-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison L. Armstrong ◽  
Janet Oborne ◽  
Carol A. C. Coupland ◽  
Marion B. MacPherson ◽  
E. Joan Bassey ◽  
...  

1. A randomized controlled trial of the effect of oral hormone replacement therapy plus calcium compared with calcium alone on balance, muscle performance and falls was conducted over 48 weeks in 116 post-menopausal women (aged 45–70 years), all of whom had suffered a distal radial fracture during the previous 3 months. Treatment was with Prempak C or Premarin 0.625 mg in the test group with 1 g calcium daily (Sandocal) in both groups. Measurements were made of balance, assessed as sway, leg extensor power and self-paced walking speed, at 12-week intervals over 24 weeks. Hand grip strength was measured every 12 weeks for 48 weeks, and falls in the preceding 12 weeks were recorded at each visit. 2. There was no relation between initial levels of oestradiol and any other variable assessed, except body mass. Levels of follicle-stimulating hormone in the test group were in the premenopausal range. There was no significant change attributable to hormone replacement therapy at any time point in any of the outcome variables. The only significant difference was an increase of 4.2% (95% confidence interval 0.7–7.6%) in leg extensor power in the control group (calcium alone) compared with the group treated with hormone replacement therapy. 3. Of the total group, 37% fell again during the year, with three patients suffering a further fracture. Frequent fallers swayed significantly more often than the others, but there was no evidence that their muscle strength was poorer or that the group treated with hormone replacement therapy fell less frequently. 4. Hormone replacement therapy did not increase muscle performance, improve balance or reduce falls over a year in middle-aged women.


1999 ◽  
Vol 163 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Kristensen ◽  
SB Pedersen ◽  
P Vestergaard ◽  
L Mosekilde ◽  
B Richelsen

Leptin and oestrogen are both involved in the regulation of adipose tissue deposition and feeding behaviour. We investigated whether 5 years of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) affected serum leptin and body composition differently in 89 postmenopausal women treated with HRT compared with 178 controls. At baseline, leptin was significantly correlated with oestradiol (r=0.13, P<0.05) and in multiple backward regression analysis including oestradiol and any estimate of body fat, oestradiol remained a significant determinant of leptin levels. In the control group, all estimates of body fat determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) or anthropometry were increased (3.6-16.9%) and leptin increased 31.3% (16.03+/-1.02 to 20.84+/-1.2 ng/ml (s.e.m.), P<0.001). In the HRT group all estimates of body composition also increased during the 5-year observation but to a lesser extent than observed in the control group (1.0-8.5%). Leptin was raised by 19.7% (17.81+/-1.32 to 20.57+/-1.65 ng/ml, P<0.001). However, the DEXA scans revealed that the control group gained 2.4-fold more fat during the 5-year observation (1.9+/-0.3 vs 0.8+/-0.4 kg, P<0.05), and especially the trunk fat increased (1.4+/-0.2 vs 0.7+/-0.3 kg, P<0.05). This was reflected in the increase in leptin levels, which were increased by 7.4% in the control group compared with the HRT group (4.81+/-0.60 vs 2.76+/-0.87 ng/ml, P<0.05). Adjusting for the difference in adipose tissue revealed that HRT had no independent effect on leptin levels. Comparisons between obese (body mass index>25 kg/m(2)) and non-obese (<25 kg/m(2)) subjects by stratifying for HRT treatment using multiple linear regression revealed that the change in fat mass was significantly less among treated subjects (P=0.038) and especially in the non-obese subjects (P=0.001). The change in trunk fat was similarly correlated with treatment status (P=0.029) and with the degree of obesity (P=0.006). In conclusion, 5 years of HRT treatment significantly reduced fat mass accumulation, especially in the trunk region. This effect of HRT was more pronounced in non-obese as compared with obese subjects. The HRT-induced reduction in fat mass seems not to be mediated by leptin.


2009 ◽  
Vol 107 (5) ◽  
pp. 1381-1388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina M. Dieli-Conwright ◽  
Tanya M. Spektor ◽  
Judd C. Rice ◽  
Fred R. Sattler ◽  
E. Todd Schroeder

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is used in postmenopausal women to relieve symptoms of menopause and prevent osteoporosis. We sought to evaluate changes in mRNA expression of key myogenic factors in postmenopausal women taking and not taking HRT following a high-intensity eccentric resistance exercise. Fourteen postmenopausal women were studied and included 6 control women not using HRT (59 ± 4 years, 63 ± 17 kg) and 8 women using traditional HRT (59 ± 4 yr, 89 ± 24 kg). Both groups performed 10 sets of 10 maximal eccentric repetitions of single-leg extension on a Cybex dynamometer at 60°/s. Muscle biopsies of the vastus lateralis were obtained from the exercised leg at baseline and 4 h after the exercise bout. Gene expression was determined using RT-PCR for follistatin, forkhead box 3A (FOXO3A), muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx), muscle ring finger-1 (MuRF-1), myogenic differentiation factor (MyoD), myogenin, myostatin, myogenic factor 5 (Myf5), and muscle regulatory factor 4 (MRF4). At rest, the HRT group expressed higher levels of MyoD, myogenin, Myf5, MRF4, and follistatin ( P < 0.05). In response to eccentric exercise, follistatin, MyoD, myogenin, Myf5, and MRF4 were significantly increased ( P ≤ 0.05) and FOXO3A, MAFbx, MuRF-1, and myostatin were significantly decreased in the control and HRT groups ( P ≤ 0.05). Significantly greater changes in mRNA expression of follistatin, FOXO3A, MAFbx, MuRF-1, MyoD, myogenin, myostatin, Myf5, and MRF4 (p≤0.05) occurred in the HRT group than in the control group after exercise. These data suggest that postmenopausal women using HRT express higher myogenic regulatory factor gene expression, which may reflect an attempt to preserve muscle mass. Furthermore, postmenopausal women using HRT experienced a greater myogenic response to maximal eccentric exercise.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Wang ◽  
Lilei Zhu ◽  
Yao Yao ◽  
Yajuan Ren ◽  
Hongcan Zhang

Abstract Background To evaluate the efficacy of hormone replacement therapy in relieving oral symptoms in postmenopausal women presenting with genitourinary symptoms along with oral dryness. Methods A case–control study was conducted after selecting 60 postmenopausal women. Oral dryness status of all the patients was evaluated with the help of questionnaire related to oral dryness. These subjects were divided into case group and control group on the basis of response to questionnaire of oral dryness. Unstimulated saliva samples were obtained and analyzed for estimation of salivary estradiol levels by enzyme linked immune sorbent assay technique. After analyzing the result of salivary estradiol levels, case group was subjected to hormone replacement therapy (HRT). The patients were followed up for their response towards oral dryness as well as salivary estradiol levels after the therapy. Results The mean salivary estradiol level before HRT was significantly more among control group as compared to case group (p value < 0.001). Most of the patients complained of dry mouth (26 out of 30); reduced amount of saliva in the mouth (25 out of 30); dry mouth at night (28 out of 30); dry mouth during the day (25 out of 30) before HRT. These complains were significantly reduced after the therapy. The mean salivary estradiol in the case group levels increased significantly after HRT (p value < 0.001). Conclusion The salivary estradiol levels were reduced in post menopausal women with the complain of xerostomia as compared to those without the complain of xerostomia. Further these levels can be recovered with the help of hormone replacement therapy.


2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delia Tit ◽  
Simona Bungau ◽  
Ciprian Iovan ◽  
Delia Nistor Cseppento ◽  
Laura Endres ◽  
...  

Postmenopausal osteoporosis is the most common form of osteoporosis and one of the major public health problems in developed countries. The prevalence of this condition, associated with the physiological stage of menopause, is continuously increasing. This study evaluated the effectiveness of soy isoflavones as compared to hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in low doses, on the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis, by determining bone mineral density (BMD) and urinary deoxypyridinoline (D-pyr) in physiological postmenopausal women. The study was conducted over a period of 12 months, on three parallel groups, which included a total of 325 postmenopausal women (HRT group: n = 95; phytoestrogens group: n = 124; control group: n = 106). At the one-year evaluation, we observed T-score normalization in a small number of cases (5.26%, 2.42% and 0.00%, respectively). The average values of D-Pyr decreased by 11.38% in the group treated with phytoestrogens (p < 0.05) and by 15.32% in the group that followed HRT (p < 0.05); it increased by 4.38% in the control group (p > 0.05). Both therapies have beneficial effects on bone metabolism, leading to a significant decrease in the evolution of bone resorption and there are no major differences between the efficacy of HRT and phytoestrogens in terms of the effects on BMD and bone resorption.


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