scholarly journals The role of bipartite structure in R&D collaboration networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Vasques Filho ◽  
Dion R J O’Neale
Keyword(s):  
Collaboration Network ◽  
European Patent ◽  
Bipartite Network ◽  
Bipartite Networks ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Underlying Network ◽  
Network Properties ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The One

Abstract A great number of real-world networks are, in fact, one-mode projections of bipartite networks comprised of two different types of nodes. In the case of interactions between institutions engaging in collaboration for technological innovation, the underlying network is bipartite with institutions (agents) linked to the patents they have filed (artefacts), while the projection is the co-patenting network. Since projected network properties are highly affected by the underlying bipartite structure a lack of understanding of the bipartite network has consequences for the information that might be drawn from the one-mode co-patenting network. Here, we create an empirical bipartite network using data from 2.7 million patents recorded by the European Patent Office. We project this network onto the agents (institutions) and look at properties of both the bipartite and projected networks that may play a role in knowledge sharing and collaboration. We compare these empirical properties to those of synthetic bipartite networks and their projections. We show that understanding the bipartite network topology is critical for understanding the potential flow of technological knowledge. Properties of the bipartite structure, such as degree distributions and small cycles, affect the topology of the one-mode projected network—specifically degree and clustering distributions, and degree assortativity. We propose new network-based metrics as a way to quantify how collaborative agents are in the collaboration network. We find that several large corporations are the most collaborative agents in the network; however, such organizations tend to have a low diversity of collaborators. In contrast, the most prolific institutions tend to collaborate relatively little but with a diverse set of collaborators. This indicates that they concentrate the knowledge of their core technical research while seeking specific complementary knowledge via collaboration with smaller institutions.

An Empirical Analysis of Developer Collaboration Network

2013 ◽  
Vol 303-306 ◽  
pp. 2177-2181
Author(s):  
Cheng Xiang Peng
Keyword(s):  
Open Source Software ◽  
Network Theory ◽  
Collaboration Network ◽  
Node Degree ◽  
Bipartite Network ◽  
Bipartite Networks ◽  
Software Projects ◽  
Intrinsic Nature ◽  
Domain Experts ◽  
Social Collaboration

To further verify the uses of bipartite network theory and understand the intrinsic nature in social collaboration network. In this paper, we get the information of open source software projects from Source-Forge web and construct a project management collaboration network by analyzing the data of project and manager. Then, through the ordinary projection two kinds of one-mode network are made and the degree distribution of one-mode network and origin bipartite networks shows a power-law like. Finally we evaluate the node's importance on manager network to acquire the core nodes, namely domain experts, by using the metric of node degree, between and topological potential respectively, and provide some helpful applications.

scholarly journals Adapting the Medium: Dynamics of Intermedial Adaptation in Contemporary Japanese Popular Visual Culture

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-152
Author(s):  
Beáta Pusztai
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Case ◽  
Unique Case ◽  
Adaptation Studies ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Contemporary Media ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Original Story ◽  
Live Action

Abstract With respect to adaptation studies, contemporary Japanese popular culture signifies a unique case, as different types of media (be those textual, auditive, visual or audio-visual) are tightly intertwined through the “recycling” of successful characters and stories. As a result, a neatly woven net of intermedial adaptations has been formed - the core of this complex system being the manga-anime-live-action film “adaptational triangle.” On the one hand, the paper addresses the interplay of the various factors by which the very existence of this network is made possible, such as the distinctive cultural attitude to “originality,” the structure of the comics, animation and film industries, and finally, the role of fictitious genealogies of both traditional and contemporary media in the negotiation of national identity. On the other hand, the essay also considers some of the most significant thematic, narrative, and stylistic effects this close interconnectedness has on the individual medium. Special attention is being paid to the nascent trend of merging the adaptive medium with that of the original story (viewing adaptation as integration), apparent in contemporary manga-based live- action comedies, as the extreme case of intermedial adaptation. That is, when the aim of the adaptational process is no longer the transposition of the story but the adaptation (i.e. the incorporation) of the medium itself- elevating certain medium-specific devices into transmedial phenomena.

How can NGOs prevent volunteers from quitting? The moderating role of the NGO type

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Miguel Lorente-Ayala ◽  
Natalia Vila-Lopez ◽  
Ines Kuster-Boluda
Keyword(s):  
Self Determination Theory ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Modelling Methodology ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The rise of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) during the last decades has made the volunteer a key element. Motivation and satisfaction have been indicated as predictive indices of their retention. The purpose of this paper is twofold. On the one hand, it seeks to better understand the motivations of the volunteers, addressing the effects of such motivations. On the other hand, it analyses whether the intensity of such antecedents and effects differs depending on the type of NGO with which they work: generalist vs specialist. Design/methodology/approach A study with 847 volunteers from different types of NGOs was done using structural modelling methodology and multi-sample analysis. Findings The type of NGO moderates the relationship between the satisfaction of the volunteer and the intention to recommend. Practical implications Given that in specialist NGOs the impact of satisfaction on the intention to recommend is significantly stronger than in generalist NGOs, making sure that volunteers are satisfied becomes a priority in this type of NGO. In this regard, satisfaction studies among volunteers could be conducted periodically to detect crisis situations and implement improvement actions to recover satisfaction in the occupied position. Originality/value First, to date, the motivations of the volunteer have been investigated from different disciplines, the self-determination theory (SDT) being an important motivational theory widely used in areas such as social, education and sports psychology. However, there is little research from a marketing approach to understand the background of the motivations of volunteers under this conceptual framework provided by the SDT. Second, there is also a scarcity of literature linking the motivations of a volunteer with the emotions they may feel, ultimately achieving consolidated lasting links with the NGO in which they are integrated. Third, most research on volunteering to date has focused on differentiating volunteers from non-volunteers and understanding the reasons for volunteering. However, the presence of studies on the differences in the motivation of the same according to the type of NGO with which they collaborate has been scarce.

Established and Excluded? Immigrants’ Economic Progress, Attitudes toward Immigrants, and the Conditioning Role of Egalitarianism and Intergroup Contact

2020 ◽  
pp. 003232172095356
Author(s):  
Conrad Ziller
Keyword(s):  
Relative Deprivation ◽  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Attitudes Toward Immigrants ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The One ◽  
Economic Motives

Immigrants’ economic progress, on the one hand, serves as an indicator of successful integration and should serve to mitigate natives’ concerns about potential economic or welfare state–related burdens of immigration. On the other hand, the fact of immigrants improving their social status may also induce perceptions of competition and group-related relative deprivation. This study examines whether immigrants’ progress leads either to improved attitudes toward immigrants or to a greater perception of immigration-related threat. Specifically, I focus on how individuals’ egalitarian values and experiences in intergroup contact condition their responses to immigrants’ economic progress. Using data from the European Social Survey 2014, combined with country-level change scores in income gaps between natives and immigrants, I find that respondents who encountered negative experiences in intergroup contact respond to immigrants’ progress with increasing anti-immigrant sentiment. A survey experiment manipulating exposure to information about group-specific income trends mirrors this finding. The results have important implications for debates about immigrants’ integration and the economic motives underlying immigration-related attitudes.

scholarly journals The Bifurcations of the Critical Points and the Role of Depth in a Symmetric Caldera Potential Energy Surface

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 2130034
Author(s):  
Y. Geng ◽  
M. Katsanikas ◽  
M. Agaoglou ◽  
S. Wiggins
Keyword(s):  
Potential Energy ◽  
Potential Energy Surface ◽  
Critical Points ◽  
Energy Surface ◽  
The Other ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The One ◽  
The Way

In this work, we continue the study of the bifurcations of the critical points in a symmetric Caldera potential energy surface. In particular, we study the influence of the depth of the potential on the trajectory behavior before and after the bifurcation of the critical points. We observe two different types of trajectory behavior: dynamical matching and the nonexistence of dynamical matching. Dynamical matching is a phenomenon that limits the way in which a trajectory can exit the Caldera based solely on how it enters the Caldera. Furthermore, we discuss two different types of symmetric Caldera potential energy surface and the transition from the one type to the other through the bifurcations of the critical points.

A twin study of antisocial and neurotic symptoms in childhood

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1111-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Thapar ◽  
Peter McGuffin
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Antisocial Behaviour ◽  
Shared Environment ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Variance Explained

SynopsisThere is some evidence to suggest that the role of genetic and environmental influences may vary for different types of psychiatric symptoms in childhood. The aim of this study was to examine to what extent genetic and environmental factors influence parent-rated conduct and neurotic symptoms in childhood and adolescence, using data obtained from a systematically ascertained sample of twins (198 same sex pairs) aged between 8 and 16 years. For symptoms of antisocial behaviour, transmission could be explained entirely by shared environmental factors. Social class effects were also found to have a significant influence on antisocial behaviour, although these effects only accounted for a small proportion of the variance explained by shared environmental factors. In contrast, transmission of neurotic symptoms was best explained by additive genetic influences alone with no contribution from shared environment. Non-shared environmental factors accounted for a substantial component of the variation for both antisocial behaviour and neurotic symptoms.

4. Asking Questions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Halperin ◽  
Oliver Heath
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
Research Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
General Question ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Asking Questions ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One

This chapter deals with the first step of the research process: the formulation of a well-crafted research question. It explains why political research should begin with a research question and how a research question structures the research process. It discusses the difference between a topic or general question, on the one hand, and a focused research question, on the other. It also considers the question of where to find and how to formulate research questions, the various types of questions scholars ask, and the role of the ‘literature review’ as a source and rationale for research questions. Finally, it describes a tool called the ‘research vase’ that provides a visualization of the research process, along with different types of questions: descriptive question, explanatory question, predictive question, prescriptive question and normative question.

Recognition and Social Esteem: A Case Study of the Struggles of People Affected by Leprosy

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 940-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Fabrino Mendonça
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Universal Language ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Group Identities ◽  
Social Contributions ◽  
Leprosy Patients ◽  
Social Esteem ◽  
Using Data

This article aims to discuss the role of social esteem in the theory of recognition. It argues that the importance of esteem for self-realization should not be reduced to the affirmation of group identities. In order to support this argument, the article analyzes the struggles of former leprosy patients in Brazil, using data gathered from: (1) a newsletter published by the Movement for the Reintegration of People Affected by Hansen's Disease; and (2) twelve conversation groups conducted in former Brazilian leprosy colonies. The article analyzes the discursive ways through which these individuals sought esteem, which include the confrontation of stigma, the claim of contributing to the accomplishment of social goals and the demonstration of personal achievements. Supporting Honneth's conception of social esteem, the article has three major conclusions. The first one is that justice should not be restricted to the universal language of rights. The second one is that the distinction between struggles based on social contributions and struggles grounded on personal achievements is hard to be made empirically, and that it is misguiding to derive direct consequences from different types of claim. Lastly, the third conclusion concerns the fruitfulness of operationalizing Honneth's abstract realms of recognition in empirical studies.

Nostalgic neighborhood belongings: Theorizing the interrelationship among nostalgias, belongings and neighborhood changes

2021 ◽  
pp. 003802612110294
Author(s):  
Clément Colin
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
Physical Environments ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The One ◽  
Depth Interviews

Depending on one’s socio-territorial contexts, age, and time spent residing in the same place, the spatial-temporal experience of belonging is lived differently. Within this framework, this article looks at perspectives of neighborhood belonging in long-term residents aged 65 years and older. Based on the narratives of 51 people from three neighborhoods of Valparaíso, Chile, who participated in the 2019 workshops and/or in-depth interviews, I identify different types of nostalgic senses of belonging; and examine the social and spatial conditions that influence their formation. From this empirical research, I argue that these belongings are based on daily practices that refer to the past neighborhood and that, at the same time, are embodied in their current materialities. The results show, on the one hand, the role of nostalgia in the formation of a belonging, from the past to the present; and, on the other, the influence of place in these experiences. From the above, this article contributes to the conceptualization of the material dimension of nostalgic belongings and their interrelationships among nostalgias, belongings, and changes in social and physical environments.

Un caso de variación pragmático-discursiva: que inicial en tres variedades dialectales del español

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 271-304
Author(s):  
Pedro Gras ◽  
María Sol Sansiñena
Keyword(s):  
Regional Variation ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
The Other ◽  
Divergent Evolution ◽  
Santiago De Chile ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Interactional Analysis ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The One

AbstractThis paper presents a corpus-based interactional analysis of non-embedded indicative que-clauses (IQCs) in three regional varieties of Spanish (Madrid, Spain; Santiago de Chile, Chile; and Buenos Aires, Argentina), using data from the corpus COLA (Corpus Oral del Lenguaje Adolescente). On the one hand, we show that IQCs exhibit regional variation regarding the discourse contexts in which they appear: not all contexts are equally available for each regional variety. Moreover, we argue that this variation can be placed on a cline that ranges from high discourse dependency to low discourse dependency, which might, in turn, suggest a divergent evolution of IQCs in the dialectal spectrum of Spanish. On the other hand, our analysis complements previous typologies of IQCs in two respects: (i) it describes the discourse contexts in which different types of IQCs are used, and (ii) it shows specific contexts and interpretations that had not been explicitly acknowledged in existing generative studies.

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