scholarly journals Gender Identification and Growth of Juvenile Lesser Prairie-Chickens

The Condor ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
James C. Pitman ◽  
Christian A. Hagen ◽  
Robert J. Robel ◽  
Thomas M. Loughin ◽  
Roger D. Applegate

Abstract The ability to ascertain gender and age of juvenile grouse is essential for determining gender-specific population age structure and studying timing of reproductive events, respectively. We examined outer rectrix feathers from juvenile Lesser Prairie-Chickens (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) captured at 30–40 and 50–60 days post-hatching. Blood samples were collected from most chicks captured after 50 days post-hatching and molecular analysis of blood cells was used to validate our field method for ascertaining gender. Barring on the inner half of the outer rectrices was a poor method for identification of the gender of juvenile Lesser Prairie-Chickens in Kansas as only 17 of 28 (61%) and 20 of 31 (65%) chicks were classified correctly at 30–40 and 50–60 days post-hatching, respectively. The extent of barring on the outer half of the rectrix was a better method of gender identification as 100% (15 of 15) and 90% (17 of 19) of juveniles were correctly identified at 30–40 and 50–60 days post-hatching, respectively. Mean body characteristics at hatching were measured for mass (15.5 g), foot length (20.1 mm), tarsometatarsus length (18.2 mm), and flattened wing length (20.5 mm). Measurements from hatching to 320 days post-hatching for each body characteristic were used to fit standardized growth curves. Logistic curves best described the development of each body characteristic except wing length. The Gompertz equation more accurately described growth of Lesser Prairie-Chicken wings. Identificación del Sexo y Desarrollo de los Juveniles de Tympanuchus pallidicinctus Resumen. La identificación del sexo y las edad de los urogallos juveniles es esencial para determinar la estructura de edades para cada sexo en las poblacionesy para estudiar el momento en que ocurren los eventos reproductivos, respectivamente. Para determinar el sexo de individuos de la especie Tympanuchus pallidicinctus, examinamos las rectrices externas de juveniles capturados entre 30–40 y 50–60 días después de salir del cascarón. También colectamos muestras de sangre de la mayoría de los pollos capturados después de 50 días de haber eclosionado, e hicimos análisis moleculares de las células sanguíneas para verificar la validez de nuestro método de campo para determinar el sexo. La observación del barreteado de la mitad interior de las timoneras externas no fue un método satisfactorio para identificar el sexo en T. pallidicinctus en Kansas, pues sólo permitió clasificar correctamente 17 de 28 (61%) y 20 de 31 (65%) pollos de 30–40 y 50–60 días de edad, respectivamente. El método consistente en examinar el grado y número de barras en la parte exterior de las timoneras resultó ser mejor para determinar el sexo, ya que permitió clasificar correctamente el 100% (15 de 15) y el 90% (17 de 19) de los juveniles de 30–40 y 50–60 días de edad, respectivamente. Las características corporales medias medidas al momento de nacer fueron: masa (15.5 g), longitud de la pata (20.1 mm), longitud del tarsometatarso (18.2 mm) y longitud del ala aplanada (20.5 mm). Con el objetivo de establecer curvas de desarrollo estandardizadas para cada una de estas características corporales, empleamos medidas tomadas el día de eclosión y 320 días más tarde. El desarrollo de todas las características corporales, excepto la longitud del ala, fue descrito más adecuadamente por curvas logísticas. La ecuación Gompertz describió con más exactitud el crecimiento de las alas.

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huifeng Jin ◽  
Jessie Nicodemus-Johnson

Dyslipidemia is a precursor to a myriad of cardiovascular diseases in the modern world. Age, gender, and diet are known modifiers of lipid levels, however they are not frequently investigated in subset analyses. Food and nutrient intakes from National Health and Nutrition Examination Study 2001–2013 were used to assess the correlation between lipid levels (high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and total cholesterol (TC):HDL cholesterol ratio) and nutritional intake using linear regression. Associations were initially stratified by gender and significant gender correlations were further stratified by age. Analyses were performed at both the dietary pattern and nutrient level. Dietary pattern and fat intake correlations agreed with the literature in direction and did not demonstrate gender or age effects; however, we observed gender and age interactions among other dietary patterns and individual nutrients. These effects were independent of ethnicity, caloric intake, socioeconomic status, and physical activity. Elevated HDL cholesterol levels correlated with increasing vitamin and mineral intake in females of child bearing age but not males or older females (≥65 years). Moreover, increases in magnesium and retinol intake correlated with HDL cholesterol improvement only in females (all age groups) and males (35–64), respectively. Finally, a large amount of gender-specific variation was associated with TG levels. Females demonstrated positive associations with sugar and carbohydrate while males show inverse associations with polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake. The female-specific association increased with the ratio of carbohydrate: saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake, suggesting that gender specific dietary habits may underlie the observed TG-nutrient correlations. Our study provides evidence that a subset of previously established nutrient-lipid associations may be gender or age-specific. Such discoveries provide potential new avenues for further research into personalized nutritional approaches to treat dyslipidemia.


2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor W. Hargrove

This study addresses three research questions critical to understanding if and how skin color shapes health among African Americans: (1) Does skin color predict trajectories of body mass index (BMI) among African Americans across ages 32 to 55? (2) To what extent is this relationship contingent on gender? (3) Do sociodemographic, psychosocial, and behavioral factors explain the skin color–BMI relationship? Using data from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study and growth curve models, results indicate that dark-skinned women have the highest BMI across adulthood compared to all other skin color–gender groups. BMI differences between dark- and lighter-skinned women remain stable from ages 32 to 55. Among men, a BMI disadvantage emerges and widens between light- and dark-skinned men and their medium-skinned counterparts. Observed sociodemographic characteristics, stressors, and health behaviors do not explain these associations. Overall, findings suggest that skin color– and gender-specific experiences likely play an important role in generating BMI inequality.


2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 22-40
Author(s):  
P Vasuki ◽  
Divya Bharati R

The real challenge in human-computer interaction is understanding human emotions by machines and responding to it accordingly. Emotion varies by gender and age of the speaker, location, and cause. This article focuses on the improvement of emotion recognition (ER) from speech using gender-biased influences in emotional expression. The problem is addressed by testing emotional speech with an appropriate specific-gender ER system. As acoustical characteristics vary among the genders, there may not be a common optimal feature set across both genders. Gender-based speech emotion recognition, a two-level hierarchical ER system is proposed, where the first level is gender identification which identifies the gender, and the second level is a gender-specific ER system, trained with an optimal feature set of expressions of a particular gender. The proposed system increases the accuracy of traditional Speech Emotion Recognition Systems (SER) by 10.36% than the SER trained with mixed gender training when tested on the EMO-DB Corpus.


Ecosphere ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia E. Earl ◽  
Samuel D. Fuhlendorf ◽  
David Haukos ◽  
Ashley M. Tanner ◽  
Dwayne Elmore ◽  
...  

Pteridines ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 77-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashwin Jacob Mathai ◽  
Christopher A. Lowry ◽  
Thomas B. Cook ◽  
Lisa A. Brenner ◽  
Lena Brundin ◽  
...  

AbstractWe previously reported that trait aggression, proposed as an endophenotype for suicidal behavior, is positively associated with Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) seropositivity in females, but not in males. Additionally, older males seropositive for T. gondii had lower scores on measures of trait aggression, including self-aggression. Trait aggression may be influenced by dopaminergic signaling, which is known to be moderated by gender and age, and potentially enhanced in T. gondii positives through the intrinsic production of dopamine by the microorganism. Therefore, we investigated associations between trait aggression and interactions between T. gondii enzyme-linked immunoabsorbant assay (ELISA) IgG titer-determined seropositivity and high-performance liquid chromatography- (HPLC-) measured blood levels of dopamine precursors phenylalanine (Phe), tyrosine (Tyr), and their ratio in a sample of 1000 psychiatrically healthy participants. Aggressive traits were assessed using the questionnaire for measuring factors of aggression (FAF), the German version of the Buss-Durkee hostility questionnaire. We found that 1) the decrease in trait aggression scores in T. gondii-positive older males was only present in individuals with a low Phe:Tyr ratio, and 2) that there was a positive correlation between Phe:Tyr ratio and total aggression and selected subscales of aggression in T. gondii-positive males, but not in T. gondii-negative males. These findings point toward a gender-specific reciprocal moderation by Phe:Tyr ratio and T. gondii seropositivity of their associations with aggression scores, and lead to experimental interventions geared to manipulating levels of dopamine precursors in selected T. gondii positive individuals with increased propensity for aggression.


1980 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Maple A. Taylor ◽  
Fred S. Guthery

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