scholarly journals Gender and Age Stratified Analyses of Nutrient and Dietary Pattern Associations with Circulating Lipid Levels Identify Novel Gender and Age-Specific Correlations

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huifeng Jin ◽  
Jessie Nicodemus-Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Nutrient Level ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Gender Specific

Dyslipidemia is a precursor to a myriad of cardiovascular diseases in the modern world. Age, gender, and diet are known modifiers of lipid levels, however they are not frequently investigated in subset analyses. Food and nutrient intakes from National Health and Nutrition Examination Study 2001–2013 were used to assess the correlation between lipid levels (high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and total cholesterol (TC):HDL cholesterol ratio) and nutritional intake using linear regression. Associations were initially stratified by gender and significant gender correlations were further stratified by age. Analyses were performed at both the dietary pattern and nutrient level. Dietary pattern and fat intake correlations agreed with the literature in direction and did not demonstrate gender or age effects; however, we observed gender and age interactions among other dietary patterns and individual nutrients. These effects were independent of ethnicity, caloric intake, socioeconomic status, and physical activity. Elevated HDL cholesterol levels correlated with increasing vitamin and mineral intake in females of child bearing age but not males or older females (≥65 years). Moreover, increases in magnesium and retinol intake correlated with HDL cholesterol improvement only in females (all age groups) and males (35–64), respectively. Finally, a large amount of gender-specific variation was associated with TG levels. Females demonstrated positive associations with sugar and carbohydrate while males show inverse associations with polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake. The female-specific association increased with the ratio of carbohydrate: saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake, suggesting that gender specific dietary habits may underlie the observed TG-nutrient correlations. Our study provides evidence that a subset of previously established nutrient-lipid associations may be gender or age-specific. Such discoveries provide potential new avenues for further research into personalized nutritional approaches to treat dyslipidemia.

scholarly journals Promoter-Specific Roles for Liver X Receptor/Corepressor Complexes in the Regulation of ABCA1 and SREBP1 Gene Expression

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (16) ◽  
pp. 5780-5789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandee L. Wagner ◽  
Annabel F. Valledor ◽  
Gang Shao ◽  
Chris L. Daige ◽  
Eric D. Bischoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Abca1 Gene ◽  
Element Binding Protein ◽  
X Receptors

ABSTRACT Liver X receptors (LXRs) regulate the expression of genes involved in cholesterol and fatty acid homeostasis, including the genes for ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and sterol response element binding protein 1 (SREBP1). Loss of LXR leads to derepression of the ABCA1 gene in macrophages and the intestine, while the SREBP1c gene remains transcriptionally silent. Here we report that high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels are increased in LXR-deficient mice, suggesting that derepression of ABCA1 and possibly other LXR target genes in selected tissues is sufficient to result in enhanced HDL biogenesis at the whole-body level. We provide several independent lines of evidence indicating that the repressive actions of LXRs are dependent on interactions with the nuclear receptor corepressor (NCoR) and the silencing mediator of retinoic acid and thyroid hormone receptors (SMRT). While dissociation of NCoR and SMRT results in derepression of the ABCA1 gene in macrophages, it is not sufficient for derepression of the SREBP1c gene. These findings reveal differential requirements for corepressors in the regulation of genes involved in cholesterol and fatty acid homeostasis and raise the possibility that these interactions may be exploited to develop synthetic ligands that selectively modulate LXR actions in vivo.

Relationship Between Smoking Status and Serum Lipids in a Hyperlipidemic Population and Analysis of Possible Confounding Factors

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1698-1705 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Bruckert ◽  
N Jacob ◽  
L Lamaire ◽  
J Truffert ◽  
F Percheron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Urine Specimen ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Heavy Smokers

Abstract The aim of our study was to estimate the potential relationship between smoking behavior and other coronary heart disease risk factors in 250 hyperlipidemic patients. We present data obtained through self-reporting of the number of cigarettes smoked per day, measurements of three tobacco markers, and data on dietary habits and lipid variables. We measured cotinine (by HPLC) and thiocyanate and used a recent colorimetric assay for the indirect evaluation of the nicotine metabolites in a single urine specimen. Mean values of nicotine metabolites, expressed as cotinine equivalents, were 6.7, 39.9, and 79.4 mumol/L, respectively, for nonsmokers, light smokers (7.7 cigarettes per day), and heavy smokers (25.8 cigarettes per day). We found that light smokers have higher concentrations of cotinine and nicotine metabolites in proportion to the number of cigarettes smoked per day than do heavy smokers. Thus, the simple colorimetric assay can accurately evaluate smoking status. Hyperlipidemia and smoking are linked by an intricate network of multiple relations. The concentration of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is lower in heavy smokers, and the concentrations of triglycerides and cholesterol are higher. The 0.11 mmol/L difference in HDL cholesterol between light and heavy smokers is close to the results of previous papers; however, when gender, dietary habits (including alcohol intake), and data on body mass index are included in a multiple regression analysis, there is no longer an association between HDL cholesterol concentrations and smoking status. Therefore, these different dietary habits may be confounding factors that partly explain the pattern of lipid variables.

scholarly journals Cardiac hypertrophy and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in Lrig3-deficient mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 310 (11) ◽  
pp. R1045-R1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Hellström ◽  
Madelene Ericsson ◽  
Bengt Johansson ◽  
Mahmood Faraz ◽  
Fredrick Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Hypertrophy ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Deficient Mice

Genetic factors confer risk for cardiovascular disease. Recently, large genome-wide population studies have shown associations between genomic loci close to LRIG3 and heart failure and plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level. Here, we ablated Lrig3 in mice and investigated the importance of Lrig3 for heart function and plasma lipid levels. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to analyze Lrig3 expression in the hearts of wild-type and Lrig3-deficient mice. In addition, molecular, physiological, and functional parameters such as organ weights, heart rate, blood pressure, heart structure and function, gene expression in the heart, and plasma insulin, glucose, and lipid levels were evaluated. The Lrig3-deficient mice were smaller than the wild-type mice but otherwise appeared grossly normal. Lrig3 was expressed at detectable but relatively low levels in adult mouse hearts. At 9 mo of age, ad libitum-fed Lrig3-deficient mice had lower insulin levels than wild-type mice. At 12 mo of age, Lrig3-deficient mice exhibited increased blood pressure, and the Lrig3-deficient female mice displayed signs of cardiac hypertrophy as assessed by echocardiography, heart-to-body weight ratio, and expression of the cardiac hypertrophy marker gene Nppa. Additionally, Lrig3-deficient mice had reduced plasma HDL cholesterol and free glycerol. These findings in mice complement the human epidemiological results and suggest that Lrig3 may influence heart function and plasma lipid levels in mice and humans.

FC23-02 - Gender and genotype modulation of the association between lipid levels and depressive symptomatology in community-dwelling elderly

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1940-1940
Author(s):  
M.-L. Ancelin ◽  
I. Carrière ◽  
J.-P. Boulenger ◽  
A. Malafosse ◽  
R. Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apolipoprotein E ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Genetic Vulnerability ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Low Hdl ◽  
Gender Specific

BackgroundLipids appear to mediate depressive vulnerability in the elderly, however, sex differences and genetic vulnerability have not been taken into account in previous prospective studies.MethodsDepression was assessed in a population of 1040 women and 752 men aged 65 years and over at baseline and after 7-year follow-up. Clinical level of depression (DEP) was defined as having either a score of 16 and above on the Centre for Epidemiology Studies Depression scale or a diagnosis of current major depression on the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Lipid levels, apolipoprotein E and serotonin transporter linked promoter region (5-HTTLPR) genotypes were evaluated at baseline.ResultsMultivariate analyses adjusted by socio-demographic and behavioral variables, measures of physical health including ischemic pathologies, and genetic vulnerability indicated gender-specific associations between dyslipidemia and DEP, independent of the use of lipid lowering agents or apolipoprotein E status. Men with low LDL-cholesterol levels had twice the risk of prevalent and incident DEP whereas in women low HDL-cholesterol levels were found to be significantly associated with increased prevalent DEP (OR = 1.5) only. A significant interaction was observed between low LDL-cholesterol and 5-HTTLPR genotype, men with s/s or s/l genotype being at increased risk of DEP (OR = 6.0 and 2.7, respectively). No significant gene-environment interaction was observed for women.ConclusionsDEP is associated with higher atherogenic risk in women (low HDL-cholesterol), whereas the reverse is observed in men (low LDL-cholesterol). Late-life depression may have a complex gender-specific etiology involving genetic vulnerability in men.

scholarly journals Serum fatty acid levels, dietary style and coronary heart disease in three neighbouring areas in Japan: the Kumihama study

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoki Nakamura ◽  
Akihiro Azuma ◽  
Toshiro Kuribayashi ◽  
Hiroki Sugihara ◽  
Seisuke Okuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Coronary Risk Factors ◽  
Serum Fatty Acid ◽  
Pufa Ratio ◽  
Fishing Area

CHD mortality is extremely low in Japan, particularly in rural districts, when compared with that in Western countries. This has been partly attributed to the difference in dietary lifestyle. We investigated the factors influencing CHD mortality in a rural coastal district of Japan, comprising mercantile, farming, and fishing areas with distinct dietary habits. We prospectively examined the incidence of CHD from 1994 to 1998, as well as coronary risk factors and serum fatty acid concentrations. The incidence of angina pectoris was significantly (P=0·01) lower in the fishing area than in the mercantile and farming areas. Blood pressure, physical activity, prevalence of diabetes, serum levels of uric acid and HDL-cholesterol were similar between the three areas. Total- and LDL-cholesterol levels were significantly lower but the smoking rate was markedly higher in the fishing area than in the other two areas. Serum levels of saturated fatty acids andn−6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were lowest in the fishing area, butn−3 PUFA did not differ significantly. Then−6:n−3 PUFA ratio was lowest and eicosapentaenoic:arachidonic acid was highest in the fishing area. Although many previous studies have emphasized the beneficial effect ofn−3 PUFA in preventing CHD, the present study indicated that a lower intake ofn−6 PUFA and saturated fatty acids has an additional preventive effect on CHD even when the serum level ofn−3 PUFA is high because of high dietary fish consumption.

Suicidal behaviour and lipid levels in unipolar and bipolar depression

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 315-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babajohn Ainiyet ◽  
Janusz K. Rybakowski
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Patients

IntroductionEvidence for a possible association between a low level of cholesterol and increased suicidal behaviour has accumulated in the recent 3 decades. The present study investigates whether lipid levels can make state-dependent markers of suicidal behaviour in Polish patients with mood disorder recently admitted to a psychiatric hospital owing to an acute depressive episode.Materials and methodsThe study was conducted on 223 patients (73 male and 150 female) with unipolar (n=171) and bipolar (n=52) depression. They were interviewed to assess any occurrence of suicidal thoughts, suicidal tendencies and/or suicidal attempts during the 3 months before admission. Laboratory measurements [total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides and total lipids] were obtained within 24–72 h after hospital admission.ResultsSuicidal thoughts, tendencies, and attempts were associated with low total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and total lipids in both male and female patients, in both diagnostic categories. Triglycerides were significantly lower in male and female patients with suicidal thoughts compared with their non-suicidal counterparts. No association with suicidality was found with HDL cholesterol.ConclusionsThe results of our study support a majority of research showing the association in depressed patients between suicidal behaviour and low levels of total and LDL cholesterol. In addition, the data suggest a similar association with low total lipids, and in some instances, with low triglycerides.

Lipid Levels in Schoolchildren in North East England: Effects of Feeding and Age

1994 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Azad ◽  
S Court ◽  
J M Parkin ◽  
M F Laker ◽  
K G M M Alberti
Keyword(s):  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
North East ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Log Normal ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Serum total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglyceride, apolipoprotein (apo) A-I and apoB concentrations were estimated and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels were calculated in 132 children aged 11·4–17·3 years. The effect of feeding was investigated by estimating postprandial values and also by studying the effects of a test meal. The distribution of all data was consistent with Gaussian apart from triglycerides which was log normal. Overall fasting values were [mean (standard deviation; SD)] cholesterol 4·5 (0·8) mmol/L, HDL cholesterol 1·5 (0·4) mmol/L, LDL cholesterol 2·6 (0·8) mmol/L, apoA-I 1·5 (0·3) g/L, apoB 1·0 (0·4) g/L and triglycerides 0·76 (0·38–1·51) mmol/L, the values for triglycerides being mean (95% confidence intervals). Girls had higher triglycerides than boys [0·82 (0·43–1·54) versus 0·70 (0·36–1·33)] and different effects of age on lipids were found, HDL cholesterol being negatively correlated with age in boys ( r= −0·37; P<0·001), but not in girls, and apoA-I being negatively correlated with age in boys ( r= −0·31; P=0·006), but positively correlated with age in girls ( r = 0·32; P = 0·008). Triglycerides rose and HDL cholesterol fell following feeding and inconsistent effects were seen on apoA-I and apoB.

scholarly journals The effect of a high-egg diet on cardiovascular risk factors in people with type 2 diabetes: the Diabetes and Egg (DIABEGG) study—a 3-mo randomized controlled trial

2015 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 705-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas R Fuller ◽  
Ian D Caterson ◽  
Amanda Sainsbury ◽  
Gareth Denyer ◽  
Mackenzie Fong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Egg Consumption ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Background: Previously published research that examined the effects of high egg consumption in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) produced conflicting results leading to recommendations to limit egg intake. However, people with T2D may benefit from egg consumption because eggs are a nutritious and convenient way of improving protein and micronutrient contents of the diet, which have importance for satiety and weight management. Objective: In this randomized controlled study, we aimed to determine whether a high-egg diet (2 eggs/d for 6 d/wk) compared with a low-egg diet (&lt;2 eggs/wk) affected circulating lipid profiles, in particular high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, in overweight or obese people with prediabetes or T2D. Design: A total of 140 participants were randomly assigned to one of the 2 diets as part of a 3-mo weight maintenance study. Participants attended the clinic monthly and were instructed on the specific types of foods and quantities to be consumed. Results: There was no significant difference in the change in HDL cholesterol from screening to 3 mo between groups; the mean difference (95% CI) between high- and low-egg groups was +0.02 mmol/L (−0.03, 0.08 mmol/L; P = 0.38). No between-group differences were shown for total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, or glycemic control. Both groups were matched for protein intake, but the high-egg group reported less hunger and greater satiety postbreakfast. Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) intakes significantly increased from baseline in both groups. Conclusions: High egg consumption did not have an adverse effect on the lipid profile of people with T2D in the context of increased MUFA and PUFA consumption. This study suggests that a high-egg diet can be included safely as part of the dietary management of T2D, and it may provide greater satiety. This trial was registered at the Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (http://www.anzctr.org.au/) as ACTRN12612001266853.

Gender and Age Differences in Lipid Profile Among Chinese Adults in Nanjing: a Retrospective Study of Over 230,000 Individuals from 2009 to 2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 126 (07) ◽  
pp. 429-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianwei Gu ◽  
Weihong Zhou ◽  
Jie Sun ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Dalong Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Gender And Age Differences

Abstract Background Previous national survey suggested that dyslipidemia is an increasing burden in China and more severe in urban population. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the gender and age differences in lipids and lipoproteins in a large Chinese urban population in Nanjing city. Methods A total of 236, 945 adults (age ≥20 years old) who undertook a health check between 2009 and 2015 in our medical examination center were involved in the analysis. Fasting total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) were measured by standard methods. Results The age-standardized estimates of serum total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride were 4.77 (4.76–4.79), 1.19 (1.18–1.19), 2.53 (2.52–2.54) and 1.74 (1.72–1.76) mmol/L in males (n=130954), and 4.79 (4.78–4.80), 1.46 (1.45–1.46), 2.44 (2.43–2.45) and 1.21 (1.19–1.22) mmol/L in females (n=105991), respectively. The prevalence of dyslipidemia was significantly elevated in females above 50 years old, and the peak prevalence of dyslipidemia in males was in the age group of 40–59 years, earlier as compared to females (peaked at 60–69 years old). In addition, an increasing secular trend was observed in LDL cholesterol levels from 2009 to 2015 in both males and females. Conclusions Dyslipidemia is an increasing epidemic in China, characterized by a rising trend of LDL cholesterol. The gender and age differences in serum levels of lipid profile as well as prevalence of dyslipidemia suggested that the middle-age men and postmenopausal women should be the prioritized target for better control of dyslipidemia and early prevention of cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Nightmares and Serum Cholesterol Level: A Preliminary Report

2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 361-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Yucel Agargun ◽  
Mustafa Gulec ◽  
Ali Savas Cilli ◽  
Hayrettin Kara ◽  
Ramazan Sekeroglu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Serum Lipid Levels ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Nightmare Disorder

Objective: To examine whether there is a relation between nightmares and serum lipid levels. Methods: Fifteen subjects who met DSM-IV criteria for the diagnosis of nightmare disorder and 15 healthy control subjects participated in the study. We used an enzymatic colorimetric method for cholesterol and triglyceride determination. We measured high-density lipoprotien (HDL) cholesterol using the direct HDL-cholesterol method. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was calculated according to the Friedewald formula. Results: Patients with nightmare disorder had lower serum triglyceride, lower total cholesterol, and lower LDL levels than healthy control subjects. Conclusion: These findings suggest that nightmares are associated with low serum lipid levels.

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