scholarly journals BMI Trajectories in Adulthood: The Intersection of Skin Color, Gender, and Age among African Americans

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor W. Hargrove
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Growth Curve Models ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Bmi Trajectories ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
Gender Specific

This study addresses three research questions critical to understanding if and how skin color shapes health among African Americans: (1) Does skin color predict trajectories of body mass index (BMI) among African Americans across ages 32 to 55? (2) To what extent is this relationship contingent on gender? (3) Do sociodemographic, psychosocial, and behavioral factors explain the skin color–BMI relationship? Using data from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study and growth curve models, results indicate that dark-skinned women have the highest BMI across adulthood compared to all other skin color–gender groups. BMI differences between dark- and lighter-skinned women remain stable from ages 32 to 55. Among men, a BMI disadvantage emerges and widens between light- and dark-skinned men and their medium-skinned counterparts. Observed sociodemographic characteristics, stressors, and health behaviors do not explain these associations. Overall, findings suggest that skin color– and gender-specific experiences likely play an important role in generating BMI inequality.

scholarly journals WORK RELATED VALUES AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT RELATIVE TO GENDER AND AGE

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 296-302
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Leszczynska
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Organisational Commitment ◽  
Motivational Systems ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups

This article discusses issues related to organizational commitment and work related values. The research problem focuses on the correlation between values related to professional work and the affective, normative and calculative commitment of employees. A research question was posed as to what work related values are correlated with organisational commitment. The article presents the results of an empirical study conducted on a group of 2076 people with the use of a diagnostic survey. The obtained data were analysed relative to the gender and age of the respondents. The results indicate certain discrepancies in terms of the value hierarchies observable between employees of different ages. Both men and women selected work-life balance and security as their most important values. The level of commitment was comparable between representatives of the two genders, with the levels observed for normative commitment. Organisational commitment increased with age and was statistically different for the respective age groups. The study confirmed the correlation between the hierarchy of work related values and the level of commitment, as well as the discrepancies in this respect between the respective age and gender groups. The same suggests that there is a need to account for values held by the employees when developing and employing motivational systems and HR practices.

Probing the Paradoxical Pattern of Cigarette Smoking among African-Americans: Low Teenage Consumption and High Adult Use

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Feigelman ◽  
Julia Lee
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
African American Adolescents ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
African American Adults ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Low Prevalence

Based on secondary analysis of the 1990 California Tobacco Survey, of 24,296 adult and 7,767 adolescent respondents, this study investigates the enigmatic results established by past research, of comparatively low prevalence rates of smoking among African-American adolescents and high use patterns for African-American adults. Findings support the crossover hypothesis claiming that more young adult White smokers successfully relinquish cigarette use than same aged African-Americans. When Whites and Blacks were grouped according to gender and age, findings showed African-American males between ages eighteen to twenty-four and females between ages twenty-five and forty-four were less likely to be among the ranks of former smokers than their same aged and gender White counterparts. The findings suggest that targeting these groups for more antismoking information and for opportunities to participate in smoking cessation programs may be helpful to reduce the higher smoking rates now found among African-American adults.

The Integration of Aging and Gender to Understand the Cancer Experience Among Older Adults (DRAFT)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith M. Bellizzi ◽  
Kate E. Dibble
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
General Description ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Cancer Experience

Central to understanding the experience of cancer in older adults is to recognize human behavior and the role of gender and age. The goal of this chapter is to present a general description of what is known about cancer and aging, briefly describe the literature on gender and aging, and offer suggestions for the integration of these disparate fields to answer important clinical and research questions for older adults with cancer. Analyzing gender and age in psycho-oncology studies, not as a factor to stratify on but as a lens to view and understand the cancer experience, will allow for a richer understanding of the experience of cancer in older adults.

scholarly journals How players across gender and age experience Pokémon Go?

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 799-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aqdas Malik ◽  
Kari Hiekkanen ◽  
Zaheer Hussain ◽  
Juho Hamari ◽  
Aditya Johri
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
Motivation Factors ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Pokémon Go ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Game Developers ◽  
Gender Groups

Abstract The purpose of this study is to provide insights into player experiences and motivations in Pokémon Go, a relatively new phenomenon of location-based augmented reality games. With the increasing usage and adoption of various forms of digital games worldwide, investigating the motivations for playing games has become crucial not only for researchers but for game developers, designers, and policy makers. Using an online survey (N = 1190), the study explores the motivational, usage, and privacy concerns variations among age and gender groups of Pokémon Go players. Most of the players, who are likely to be casual gamers, are persuaded toward the game due to nostalgic association and word of mouth. Females play Pokémon Go to fulfill physical exploration and enjoyment gratifications. On the other hand, males seek to accomplish social interactivity, achievement, coolness, and nostalgia gratifications. Compared to females, males are more concerned about the privacy aspects associated with the game. With regard to age, younger players display strong connotation with most of the studied gratifications and the intensity drops significantly with an increase in age. With the increasing use of online and mobile games worldwide among all cohorts of society, the study sets the way for a deeper analysis of motivation factors with respect to age and gender. Understanding motivations for play can provide researchers with the analytic tools to gain insight into the preferences for and effects of game play for different kinds of users.

Anger in Black and White: Race, Alienation, and Anger

2005 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Beth Mabry ◽  
K. Jill Kiecolt
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Anger Expression ◽  
Sense Of Control ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Social Structural ◽  
Emotional Upset ◽  
Control Versus ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data

Using data from the 1996 General Social Survey and the 1973 Chicago Crowding Study, we test the hypotheses that African Americans feel and express more anger than whites, that sense of control (versus powerlessness) lessens anger and mistrust increases anger, and that these indicators of alienation affect anger differently for African Americans and whites. We find that when age and gender are controlled, African Americans neither feel nor express more anger than whites, despite having a lower average sense of control and higher mistrust. This is partly because the effects of sense of control and mistrust on anger differ by race. Sense of control reduces feelings of anger and anger expression more for African Americans than whites. Mistrust increases feelings of anger for whites, but not African Americans. The results provide further evidence that, in the stress process, social structural location may moderate the effects of “detriments” and “resources” on emotional upset.

scholarly journals Body image appearances in adolescents’ school going children

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pari Khalili Marandi ◽  
Norlena Salamudin
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
The Body ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Image Appearance ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Age Category

Abstract The key objective of this research was to analyse and understand the different effect of gender and age on body image appearance at age 12 and 15 years in both gender groups. In other word age and gender how influence on adolescents body image appearance. The sample chosen for this study was 1429 (710 boys and 719 girls) from primary and secondary schools in Tehran. To verify the body image used of questionnaire Body Image Concern Inventory (BICI) (Littleton 2005). The difference between body image appearance of boy and girl, between at age of 12 and 15 years, was analysed and compared using the SPSS version20 ANOVA test. The ranking of the four group samples was achieved by using mean of body image appearance. On analysing the data, it was indicated that there was a significant effect of age, gender and interaction of the variables on body image on boys and girls at the age of 12 and 15 years. The result reveals that in the same age category, boys were at a better level of body image appearance than girls. Also, the result revealed that the body image appearance level was better in the younger age category.

Consumer perceptions of extended warranties and service providers

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 516-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Albaum ◽  
James Wiley
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Consumer Perceptions ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Extended Warranties ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Descriptive Survey

PurposeThis paper aims to assess consumer perceptions of extended warranties that are marketed by the manufacturer for an independent service provider as applied to the purchase of a computer by mail catalog, telephone ordering, or the internet.Design/methodology/approachA descriptive survey of a large sample of consumers in the USA was conducted using data collection by the internet. Measurement was responses to eight Likert scales of agreement and two demographic items.FindingsSignificant differences between perceptions of females and males were observed. Overall, there was no relationship between perceptions and age, although there were significant differences for some scale items. There were no interaction effects of gender and age. A major finding is that although service is provided by an independent service company, consumers believe it to be provided by the manufacturer.Originality/valueThis is the first known examination of the specific research questions underlying the study.

scholarly journals Gender, Age and Staff Preparedness to Adopt Internet Tools for Research Sharing During Covid-19 in African Varsities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentine Joseph Owan ◽  
Michael Ekpenyong Asuquo ◽  
Mercy Valentine Owan ◽  
Sana Aslam ◽  
Moses Eteng Obla
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Academic Staff ◽  
Digital Tools ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Broad Perspective ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Descriptive Survey

This study assessed the partial as well as the collaborative impact of age and gender on academic staff preparedness to adopt Internet tools for research sharing in African universities during Covid-19. Although evidence abounds in the literature on gender and age as they affect relatively, scholars’ utilisation of digital tools for research communication, such studies did not examine scholars’ preparedness to adopt from a broad perspective of Africa. This study was conducted based on the argument that the preparedness of scholars may affect their future interest to utilize digital tools for research sharing. A quantitative method, based on the descriptive survey research design, was adopted to provide answers to four prevailing research questions. The examination focused on a populace of 8,591 staff in African universities, nonetheless, information was gathered from 1,977 of them, who deliberately took part from 24 African nations. A validated electronic rating scale, which was mailed/posted to targeted participants, was used as the instrument for data collection. Gender and age significantly affected academic staff preparedness to adopt Internet tools for research sharing partially and interactively in African Universities during Covid-19. Female staff were more prepared than males to adopt internet tools for research sharing during the pandemic. Older lecturers reported a higher rate of preparedness than their younger colleagues to adopt Internet tools for research sharing during Covid-19. In light of these proofs, ramifications and proposals for future exploration are discussed.

Pollution, Ability, and Gender-Specific Investment Responses to Shocks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Molina
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
In Utero Exposure ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Schooling Decisions ◽  
Specific Investment ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Pollution Exposure ◽  
Gender Specific

Abstract This paper explores how labor market conditions drive gender differences in the human capital decisions of men and women. Specifically, I investigate how male and female schooling decisions respond to an exogenous change in cognitive ability. Using data from Mexico, I begin by documenting that in utero exposure to thermal inversions, which exacerbate air pollution, leads to lower cognitive ability in adulthood for both men and women. I then explore how male and female schooling decisions respond differentially to this cognitive shock: for women only, pollution exposure leads to reduced educational attainment and income. I show that this gender difference is explained by the fact that women disproportionately sort into white-collar jobs, where schooling and ability are more complementary than they are in blue-collar jobs.

scholarly journals A typical working-day breakfast among children, adolescents and adults belonging to the middle and upper socio-economic classes in Mumbai, India – challenges and implications for dietary change

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2040-2046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malathi Sivaramakrishnan ◽  
Vidya Kamath
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Breakfast Meal ◽  
Breakfast Skipping ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Working Day ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
Gender Specific

AbstractObjectiveBreakfast has been linked to several aspects of health, yet breakfast skipping is rampant across the globe. Studies in India have focused mostly on children. Hence the present study examined breakfast behaviour across different age and gender groups.DesignCross-sectional sample, purposive sampling. Nutrient intakes of the participants derived from 24 h dietary recall and 3 d breakfast record data were compared with RDA values prescribed by the Indian Council of Medical Research using Student'sttest, withP< 0·05 taken to indicate significance.SettingMumbai, India.SubjectsParticipants (n1027) aged 8 years and above.ResultsNutritional adequacy of the breakfast meal and that of the day's diet were the main outcome measures. Eighty-one per cent of the participants had a nutritionally inadequate breakfast. Intakes of Fe and dietary fibre were notably low. Consumption of just milk or milk plus a milk food-based drink among schoolchildren (49 %) and increased breakfast skipping among adolescents (37 %) were seen.ConclusionsThe study identifies both irregularities and/or nutritional inadequacies with respect to the breakfast meal. Age- and gender-specific challenges in breakfast behaviour need to be addressed. Development of ‘nutrient-dense’ breakfast foods that can be prepared easily, school breakfast programmes and education on the importance of breakfast are the needs of the hour.

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