scholarly journals Improving translational research in sex-specific effects of comorbidities and risk factors in ischaemic heart disease and cardioprotection: position paper and recommendations of the ESC Working Group on Cellular Biology of the Heart

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cinzia Perrino ◽  
Péter Ferdinandy ◽  
Hans E Bøtker ◽  
Bianca J J M Brundel ◽  
Peter Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischaemic Heart Disease ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Position Paper ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ischaemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Cardiovascular Research ◽  
Men And Women

Abstract Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) is a complex disorder and a leading cause of death and morbidity in both men and women. Sex, however, affects several aspects of IHD, including pathophysiology, incidence, clinical presentation, diagnosis as well as treatment and outcome. Several diseases or risk factors frequently associated with IHD can modify cellular signalling cascades, thus affecting ischaemia/reperfusion injury as well as responses to cardioprotective interventions. Importantly, the prevalence and impact of risk factors and several comorbidities differ between males and females, and their effects on IHD development and prognosis might differ according to sex. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these differences are still poorly understood, and their identification might have important translational implications in the prediction or prevention of risk of IHD in men and women. Despite this, most experimental studies on IHD are still undertaken in animal models in the absence of risk factors and comorbidities, and assessment of potential sex-specific differences are largely missing. This ESC WG Position Paper will discuss: (i) the importance of sex as a biological variable in cardiovascular research, (ii) major biological mechanisms underlying sex-related differences relevant to IHD risk factors and comorbidities, (iii) prospects and pitfalls of preclinical models to investigate these associations, and finally (iv) will provide recommendations to guide future research. Although gender differences also affect IHD risk in the clinical setting, they will not be discussed in detail here.

An attempt to explain the bidirectional association between ischaemic heart disease, stroke and depression: a cohort and meta-analytic approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 217 (2) ◽  
pp. 434-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Kim Wium-Andersen ◽  
Ida Kim Wium-Andersen ◽  
Eva Irene Bosano Prescott ◽  
Kim Overvad ◽  
Martin Balslev Jørgensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischaemic Heart Disease ◽  
Antidepressant Medication ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Bidirectional Association ◽  
National Patient ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Regression ◽  
Shared Risk

BackgroundDepression and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are common diseases and associated in a bidirectional manner.AimsTo examine whether a bidirectional association between CVD and depression could be explained by shared risk factors, misclassification of disease measures or non-response.MethodA total of 10 population-based cohorts including 93 076 men and women (mean age 54.4 years, s.d. = 9.2) and an additional 10 510 men (mean age 51.2 years, s.d. = 0.3) were followed for subsequent depression, ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke in the Danish National Patient Registry from health examinations between 1982 and 2015 and until end of follow-up in 2017–2018. Exposures were physicians’ diagnoses of IHD, stroke, depression or self-reported chest pain, depression, use of antidepressant medication and the Major Depression Inventory at the time of study entry in the Metropolit study. Associations were analysed using Cox proportional hazard regression with disease as time-dependent variables.ResultsIHD and stroke were associated with subsequent depression (hazard ratio (HR) for IHD: 1.79, 95% CI 1.43–2.23 and HR for stroke: 2.62, 95% CI 2.09–3.29) and the associations were present in both men and women. Adjustment for the shared risk factors socioeconomic status, lifestyle, body mass index, statin use and serum lipids did not change the risk estimates. Furthermore, depression was associated with higher risk of subsequent IHD (HR = 1.63, 95% CI 1.36–1.95) and stroke (HR = 1.94, 95% CI 1.63–2.30). The associations were also present when the analyses were based on self-reported disease measures or restricted to include non-responders.ConclusionsThe bidirectional association between CVD and depression was not explained by shared risk factors, misclassification or non-response.

scholarly journals Analysis of Sociodemographic and Clinical Factors Associated with Hospitalized Stroke Patients of Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
AM Hossain ◽  
NU Ahmed ◽  
M Rahman ◽  
MR Islam ◽  
G Sadhya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischaemic Heart Disease ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of

A hospital based cross sectional study was carried out to analyze prevalence of risk factors for stroke in hospitalized patient in a medical college hospital. 100 patients were chosen using purposive sampling technique. Highest incidence of stroke was between the 6th and 7th decade. Patients came from both urban (54%) and rural (46%) areas and most of them belong to the low-income group (47%). In occupational category; service holder (28%) and retired person (21%) were the highest groups. Most of the study subjects were literate (63%). CT scan study revealed that the incidence of ischaemic stroke was 61% and haemorrhagic stroke 39%. Analysis indicated hypertension as major risk factor for stroke (63%) and major portion of the patients (42.85%) were on irregular or no treatment. Twenty four percent of the patients had heart diseases and out of 24 patients 45.83% were suffering from ischaemic heart disease. The present study detected diabetes in 21% patients. Fifty three percent of the study subjects were smoker, 39% patients had habit of betelnut chewing. Out of 26 female patients, only 23% had history of using oral contraceptives. Majority of the patients were sedentary workers (46%). Thirty seven percent of the stroke patients were obese. Among the stroke patients 9% had previous history of stroke and 3% had TIA respectively. Most of the patients (21%) were awake while they suffered from stroke and the time of occurrence was mostly in the afternoon (46%). This study found that hypertension, cigarette smoking, ischaemic heart disease and diabetes mellitus are the major risk factors prevalent in our community while other risk factors demand further study. Key words: stroke; risk factors; hospitalized patients; Bangladesh. DOI: 10.3329/fmcj.v6i1.7405 Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2011;6(1): 19-23

Risk Factors for Carotid Atherosclerosis: The Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jukka T. Salonen ◽  
Kari Seppänen ◽  
Rainer Rauramaa ◽  
Riitta Salonen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischaemic Heart Disease ◽  
Carotid Atherosclerosis ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Disease Risk Factor ◽  
Risk Factor Study ◽  
Factor Study ◽  
Heart Disease Risk

Relationships Between the Menopause and Risk Factors for Ischaemic Heart Disease

1985 ◽  
Vol 64 (s130) ◽  
pp. 43-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olof Lindquist ◽  
Calle Bengtsson ◽  
Leif Lapidus
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischaemic Heart Disease
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