scholarly journals Attribution and Knowledge Creation Assemblages in Cybersecurity Politics

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian J Egloff ◽  
Myriam Dunn Cavelty
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Creation ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Creation Process ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Critical Security Studies ◽  
Strong Focus ◽  
Private Knowledge ◽  
Office Of Personnel Management ◽  
The Us

Abstract Attribution is central to cybersecurity politics. It establishes a link between technical occurrences and political consequences by reducing the uncertainty about who is behind an intrusion and what the likely intent was, ultimately creating cybersecurity “truths” with political consequences. In a critical security studies’ spirit, we purport that the “truth” about cyber-incidents that is established through attribution is constructed through a knowledge creation process that is neither value-free nor purely objective but built on assumptions and choices that make certain outcomes more or less likely. We conceptualize attribution as a knowledge creation process in three phases – incident creation, incident response, and public attribution – and embark on identifying who creates what kind of knowledge in this process, when they do it, and on what kind of assumptions and previous knowledge this is based on. Using assemblage theory as a backdrop, we highlight attribution as happening in complex networks that are never stable but always shifting, assembled, disassembled and reassembled in different contexts, with multiple functionalities. To illustrate, we use the intrusions at the US Office of Personnel Management (OPM) discovered in 2014 and 2015 with a focus on three factors: assumptions about threat actors, entanglement of public and private knowledge creation, and self-reflection about uncertainties. When it comes to attribution as knowledge creation processes, we critique the strong focus on existing enemy images as potentially crowding out knowledge on other threat actors, which in turn shapes the knowledge structure about security in cyberspace. One remedy, so we argue, is to bring in additional data collectors from the academic sector who can provide alternative interpretations based on independent knowledge creation processes.

The spinner innovation model: understanding the knowledge creation, knowledge transfer and innovation process in SMEs

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Mota Veiga ◽  
Ronnie Figueiredo ◽  
João J. M. Ferreira ◽  
Filipe Ambrósio
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Knowledge Creation ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Private Knowledge ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Innovation Model

PurposeThe objective of this article is to empirically study the influence of the characteristics of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the processes of knowledge creation, knowledge transfer and innovation in conjunction with the utilisation of private and public knowledge (KM) in accordance with the “spinner innovation model” (SIM).Design/methodology/approachThe article deploys a sample of primary data generated by a questionnaire applied to the managers of hotel SMEs in Portugal. This involved the application of the covariance and multiple regression analytical methods.FindingsThe results demonstrate that some of the SME characteristics return significant impacts on private and public KM: the processes of knowledge creation, transfers of knowledge and innovation. The results also identify how private KM statistically predicts the processes of knowledge creation and transfer and innovation while public KM shapes and influences the creation of knowledge.Research limitations/implicationsAs with any other such study, the key limitation stems from the sample made up of 82 hotel directors, which represents only a low rate of response even though the project deployed all of the procedures available to avoid such an outcome.Practical implicationsThe SIM approach to the innovation process may assist strategic decision-makers to improve their tools and relations, avoid repeated working overlaps in existing processes as well as enabling more competitive approaches in terms of innovation.Social implicationsFurthermore, the responses ascertained reflect only the universe of study, conditioned by the context that produced them; hence, any generalisation of the results requires due caution.Originality/valueThis is the first study to empirically analyse the influence of the characteristics of SMEs over the processes of creating and transferring knowledge and innovation based upon applying the SIM and observing the extent of public and private knowledge in the hotel sector of Europe, more specifically, Portugal.

INVITED POLICY ECONOMICS PAPER — ECONOMICS IN ASIA 1995–2020

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
JOERGEN OERSTROEM MOELLER
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Us ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
Asian Economy

Over the last 25 years, Asia’s economic rise has been extraordinary. Its share of global gross domestic product (GDP) has risen from 5.8% to 22.9%. 1 The first phase of high economic growth — up to 1995 — saw Asia enter the global supply chain primarily with labor-intensive/low-cost manufacturing. Domestic consumption was a fairly low share of GDP; Asia was manufacturing mainly for consumption in the US and Europe. As such, it was primarily a rule-taker. In the second phase — from 1995 to 2020 — it gradually turned into an economic force joining the US and Europe in shaping the global economy, exercising significant influence upon the value chain, the cycles of the global economy, transport and logistics, the global capital markets and consumption patterns (consumer preferences and tastes). While not yet among the leading rule-makers, it had become difficult for policymakers (public and private) to make decisions without Asia’s consent. To form an opinion of today’s emerging third phase — post 2020 — the intriguing question is whether the Asian countries have adopted what may be termed Anglo-American economic thinking (basically, the primacy of the market). Or whether behind the curtain, the Asian economy works in its own way diverging from the American and British economic schools. Since demographics and sheer economic scale mean that Asia will dominate the global economy in the years to come, the nature of the Asian economy will be of crucial importance for the future global economy. The conclusion of this paper is that “Asia” in many respects differs — and fundamentally so — from market economy principles. How this prospect should be interpreted is also evolving, as circumstances change. Certainly, the repercussions of COVID-19 have not been the same in the US, Europe, East Asia and South Asia — and this may suggest that socio-political structures have a stronger impact on economic outcomes than economic theory teaches, thus calling into question the global validity of market economy principles.

Technology of optimization: An emerging configuration of productivity among professional software employees

2021 ◽  
pp. 136754942110302
Author(s):  
Vanessa Ciccone
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Software Industry ◽  
Private Life ◽  
The Self ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
Moral Ideals ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

In this article, I draw from several months of fieldwork from 2019 to assess professional subjectivity in the software industry of Canada. I assess employees’ constructions of and feelings about their own productivity. I argue that the ways in which subjects understand and feel about their productivity says a great deal about how power is ‘willfully’ negotiated within everyday professional tech settings of neoliberal societies. My findings suggest that optimization is emerging as a technology of self among the individuals I studied, and bringing political consequences. In the first section of the article, I provide a brief overview of the productivity imperative’s cultural trajectory, and show its relation to optimization. Then, in the empirical analysis and discussion, I outline that the technology of optimization involves a discourse around bringing one’s best to public and private realms, offering a specific set of moral ideals. I then show that another facet of this technology of self is centered on willfully entangling public and private life. Finally, I theorize subjects’ reported feelings about their own productivity, assessing how the technology of optimization relates to a politics of privilege. With this study, I seek to make a contribution to the relation between the culture of productivity and professional subjectivity in the software industry, in an effort to expose how power is negotiated at the level of the self in an increasingly influential sector.

scholarly journals How significant are the public dimensions of faculty work in review, promotion and tenure documents?

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan P Alperin ◽  
Carol Muñoz Nieves ◽  
Lesley A Schimanski ◽  
Gustavo E Fischman ◽  
Meredith T Niles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Careers ◽  
Faculty Work ◽  
Public Funds ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Promotion And Tenure ◽  
Traditional Research ◽  
The Us ◽  
Public Evaluation ◽  
Work Done

Much of the work done by faculty at both public and private universities has significant public dimensions: it is often paid for by public funds; it is often aimed at serving the public good; and it is often subject to public evaluation. To understand how the public dimensions of faculty work are valued, we analyzed review, promotion, and tenure documents from a representative sample of 129 universities in the US and Canada. Terms and concepts related to public and community are mentioned in a large portion of documents, but mostly in ways that relate to service, which is an undervalued aspect of academic careers. Moreover, the documents make significant mention of traditional research outputs and citation-based metrics: however, such outputs and metrics reward faculty work targeted to academics, and often disregard the public dimensions. Institutions that seek to embody their public mission could therefore work towards changing how faculty work is assessed and incentivized.

scholarly journals Teaching Future Educators During a Global Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-36
Author(s):  
Jacquelynne Anne Boivin
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Private Higher Education ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The Us ◽  
Private Higher Education Institutions ◽  
K 12

While schools are the center of attention in many regards throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, programs that prepare educators have not received nearly as much attention. How has the reliance on technology, shifts in daily norms with health precautions, and other pandemic-related changes affected how colleges and universities are preparing teachers for their careers? This article walks the reader through the pandemic, from spring 2020, when the virus first shut down the US in most ways, to the winter of 2021. The authors, two educator preparation faculty members from both public and private higher education institutions in Massachusetts, reflect on their experiences navigating the challenges and enriching insights the pandemic brought to their work. Considerations for future implications for the field of teacher-preparation are delineated to think about the long-term effects this pandemic could have on higher education and K-12 education.

Pay-to-Play

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Kraski
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Knowledge Creation ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Copyright Law ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Research Fellow ◽  
Automotive Company ◽  
The Us ◽  
The University ◽  
Harsh Reality

Pay-to-Play provides an accessible approach toward understanding two systems for knowledge creation and dissemination that are embedded in the US legal system, namely private, nonprofit universities and copyright law. Pay-to-Play identifies the harsh reality that an expansive body of academic works remains locked away behind for-profit paywalls. Accessing these works for individuals is prohibitively expensive and is usually only made possible through even more expensive institutional memberships. As a result, most people are unnecessarily excluded from the innovation process, which lies at the very core of the Constitution’s Copyright Clause. Attorney Ryan Kraski, Esq. is a former lecturer and research fellow at the University of Cologne, Germany and is currently in-house counsel to a large automotive company .

Enabling Intelligence in Web-Based Collaborative Knowledge Management System

2013 ◽  
pp. 63-82
Author(s):  
Krissada Maleewong ◽  
Chutiporn Anutariya ◽  
Vilas Wuwongse
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Knowledge Creation ◽  
Management System ◽  
Knowledge Management System ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Creation Process ◽  
Relevant Term ◽  
Collaborative Knowledge Management ◽  
Knowledge Representation Language ◽  
Collaborative Knowledge

This paper presents an approach to enhance various intelligent services of a Web-based collaborative knowledge management system. The proposed approach applies the two widely-used argumentation technologies, namely IBIS and Toulmin’s argumentation schemes, to structurally capture the deliberation and collaboration occurred during the consensual knowledge creation process. It employs RDF and OWL as its underlying knowledge representation language with well-defined semantics and reasoning mechanisms. Users can easily create knowledge using a simple corresponding graphical notation with machine-processable semantics. Derivation of implicit knowledge, similar concept discovery, as well as semantic search, are also enabled. In addition, the proposed approach incorporates the term suggestion function for assisting users in the knowledge creation process by computing the relevance score for each relevant term, and presenting the most relevant terms to users for possible term reusing or equivalence concepts mapping. To ensure the knowledge consistency, a logical mechanism for validating conflicting arguments and contradicting concepts is also developed. Founded on the proposed approach, a Web-based system, namely ciSAM, is implemented and available for public usage.

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