scholarly journals The Medicinal MushroomAgaricus blazeiMurrill: Review of Literature and Pharmaco-Toxicological Problems

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Firenzuoli ◽  
L. Gori ◽  
G. Lombardo
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Agaricus Blazei ◽  
Biochemical Pathway ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Antitumor Properties

Agaricus blazeiMurrill (ABM) popularly known as ‘Cogumelo do Sol’ in Brazil, or ‘Himematsutake’ in Japan, is a mushroom native to Brazil, and widely cultivated in Japan for its medicinal uses, so it is now considered as one of the most important edible and culinary-medicinal biotechnological species. It was traditionally used to treat many common diseases like atherosclerosis, hepatitis, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, dermatitis and cancer.In vitroandin vivoABM has shown immunomodulatory and antimutagenic properties, although the biological pathways and chemical substances involved in its pharmacological activities are still not clear. The polysaccharides phytocomplex is thought to be responsible for its immunostimulant and antitumor properties, probably through an opsonizing biochemical pathway. Clinical studies are positive confirmations, but we are still at the beginning, and there are perplexing concerns especially relative to the content of agaritine. Argantine is a well-known carcinogenic and toxic substance in animals, that must be completely and fully evaluated.

scholarly journals A Narrative Review on the Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Therapeutic Potentials of Clinacanthus nutans (Burm. f.) Lindau Leaves as an Alternative Source of Future Medicine

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Tan Yong Chia ◽  
Chee Yuen Gan ◽  
Vikneswaran Murugaiyah ◽  
Syed F. Hashmi ◽  
Tabinda Fatima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Clinacanthus Nutans

The application of natural products and supplements has expanded tremendously over the past few decades. Clinacanthus nutans (C. nutans), which is affiliated to the Acanthaceae family, has recently caught the interest of researchers from the countries of subtropical Asia due to its medicinal uses in alternative treatment for skin infection conditions due to insect bites, microorganism infections and cancer, as well as for health well-being. A number of bioactive compounds from this plant’s extract, namely phenolic compounds, sulphur containing compounds, sulphur containing glycosides compounds, terpens-tripenoids, terpens-phytosterols and chlorophyll-related compounds possess high antioxidant activities. This literature search yielded about one hundred articles which were then further documented, including the valuable data and findings obtained from all accessible electronic searches and library databases. The promising pharmacological activities from C. nutans leaves extract, including antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-venom, analgesic and anti-nociceptive properties were meticulously dissected. Moreover, the authors also discuss a few of the pharmacological aspect of C. nutans leaves extracts against anti-hyperlipidemia, vasorelaxation and renoprotective activities, which are seldom available from the previously discussed review papers. From the aspect of toxicological studies, controversial findings have been reported in both in-vitro and in-vivo experiments. Thus, further investigations on their phytochemical compounds and their mode of action showing pharmacological activities are required to fully grasp both traditional usage and their suitability for future drugs development. Data related to therapeutic activity and the constituents of C. nutans leaves were searched by using the search engines Google scholar, PubMed, Scopus and Science Direct, and accepting literature reported between 2010 to present. On the whole, this review paper compiles all the available contemporary data from this subtropical herb on its phytochemistry and pharmacological activities with a view towards garnering further interest in exploring its use in cardiovascular and renal diseases.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Value of Medicinal Mushroom Agaricus blazei Murill

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Leukemic Cells ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Agaricus Blazei ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Agaricus Blazei Murill

Agaricus blazei Murill (AbM) is a mushroom that has been utilized in alternative drug to anticipate cardiac disease, diabetes, arthritis, increased cholesterol, cancer, hepatitis and cancers. It contains β-glucan, which contributes to decreasing blood sugar in-vivo and acts against cancer. The extract of this mushroom exerts antioxidant action in-vivo. AbM contains agaritine that exerts antitumor effects against leukemic cells in vitro. This mushroom is also found to have immune-stimulatory function, tumor growth suppression, action against allergy, antiviral effects, antimicrobial function and immune modulatory effects. Researchers also studied its action in decreasing blood cholesterol. According to several studies, AbM containing (1→6)-β-D-glucan-exerts anti angiogenesis action. The purpose of this extensive review on the medicinal value of AbM mushroom was to highlight its significance and its traditional uses by scientific evidence to determine the effectiveness of the mushroom in various evidence-based uses. Google Scholar and PubMed search engines were used to browse articles from 1994-2019 on the therapeutic value of AbM. Initially, 74 articles were found related to the therapeutic value of AbM. After reviewing the available article, 42 were selected based on the medicinal uses of AbM. It was concluded that AbM possessed various bioactive compounds that are responsible for its therapeutic effects.

scholarly journals Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Pericopsis laxiflora (Baker) Meeuwen (Leguminosae) – A Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Frederick Sarfo-Antwi ◽  
Christopher Larbie ◽  
Benjamin Obukowho Emikpe ◽  
Regina Appiah–Opong
Keyword(s):  
Web Of Science ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Pain Treatment ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Clinical Evaluations ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Tryptamine Derivative

Pericopsis laxiflora (Family Leguminosae) is a medicinal plant that is ubiquitous especially in the tropical and savannah regions. There are many reports on folkloric and traditional medicinal uses that include haemorrhoids, rheumatism, abdominal pain treatment, diarrhoea, and dysentery, fever, skin diseases and jaundice. Peer-reviewed articles were gathered by consulting the databases of Scopus, Medline, Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar. Phytochemical investigations have revealed many bioactive compounds such as β-carboline derivative and tryptamine derivative. The plant has been examined on the basis of the in vitro, in vivo or clinical evaluations and shown to possess major pharmacological activities. These include anti-trypanosomal, antimicrobial, antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-malarial activities. In the present review, an attempt has been made to congregate the traditional, phytochemical and pharmacological studies performed on Pericopsis laxiflora. Comprehensive safety and efficacy studies must be conducted on the plant. Generally, there are knowledge gaps that must be filled. Thus this review is intended for practitioners and researchers in the fields of ethnopharmacology, natural product chemistry and drug discovery related research.

Medicinal Uses, Biological and Chemical Properties of Wild Plum (Harpephyllum caffrum): An Indigenous Fruit Plant of Southern Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 258-268
Author(s):  
Alfred Maroyi
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Medicinal Uses

Harpephyllum caffrum is a fruit plant widely used as herbal medicine throughout its distributional range in southern Africa. This study was aimed at providing a critical review of the biological activities, phytochemistry and medicinal uses of H. caffrum. Documented information on the botany, biological activities, medicinal uses and phytochemistry of H. caffrum was collected from several online sources which included BMC, Scopus, SciFinder, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Elsevier, Pubmed and Web of Science. Additional information on H. caffrum was gathered from pre-electronic sources such as book chapters, books, journal articles and scientific publications sourced from the University library. This study showed that the bark, fruits and roots of H. caffrum are used as blood purifier and emetic, and as herbal medicine against asthma, wounds, bone fractures, sprains and skin problems. Phytochemical compounds identified from the fruits, leaves and stem bark of H. caffrum include cardanols, fatty acid esters, flavonoids, phenolics and triterpenoids. Ethnopharmacological research revealed that H. caffrum extracts and compounds have in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activities such as acetylcholinesterase, analgesic, antibacterial, anticonvulsant, antimycobacterial, antifungal, anti-HIV, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antipyretic, melanogenesis and antityrosinase, hypoglycaemic and hypotensive, hepatoprotective and cytotoxicity activities. Harpephyllum caffrum should be subjected to detailed phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological evaluations aimed at correlating its medicinal uses with its phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of the species.

Novel Phytochemical Constituents and their Potential to Manage Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaik Ibrahim Khalivulla ◽  
Arifullah Mohammed ◽  
Kokkanti Mallikarjuna
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Large Population ◽  
World Health ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Chemical Structures

Background: Diabetes is a chronic disease affecting a large population worldwide and stands as one of the major global health challenges to be tackled. According to World Health Organization, about 400 million are having diabetes worldwide and it is the seventh leading cause of deaths in 2016. Plant based natural products had been in use from ancient time as ethnomedicine for the treatment of several diseases including diabetes. As a result of that, there are several reports on plant based natural products displaying antidiabetic activity. In the current review, such antidiabetic potential compounds reported from all plant sources along with their chemical structures are collected, presented and discussed. This kind of reports are essential to pool the available information to one source followed by statistical analysis and screening to check the efficacy of all known compounds in a comparative sense. This kind of analysis can give rise to few numbers of potential compounds from hundreds, whom can further be screened through in vitro and in vivo studies, and human trails leading to the drug development. Methods: Phytochemicals along with their potential antidiabetic property were classified according to their basic chemical skeleton. The chemical structures of all the compounds with antidiabetic activities were elucidated in the present review. In addition to this, the distribution and their other remarkable pharmacological activities of each species is also included. Results: The scrutiny of literature led to identification of 44 plants with antidiabetic compounds (70) and other pharmacological activities. For the sake of information, the distribution of each species in the world is given. Many plant derivatives may exert antidiabetic properties by improving or mimicking the insulin production or action. Different classes of compounds including sulfur compounds (1-4), alkaloids (5-11), phenolic compounds (12-17), tannins (18-23), phenylpropanoids (24-27), xanthanoids (28-31), amino acid (32), stilbenoid (33), benzofuran (34), coumarin (35), flavonoids (36-49) and terpenoids (50-70) were found to be active potential compounds for antidiabetic activity. Of the 70 listed compounds, majorly 17 compounds are from triterpenoids, 13 flavonoids and 7 are from alkaloids. Among all the 44 plant species, maximum number (7) of compounds are reported from Lagerstroemia speciosa followed by Momordica charantia (6) and S. oblonga with 5 compounds. Conclusion: This is the first paper to summarize the established chemical structures of phytochemicals that have been successfully screened for antidiabetic potential and their mechanisms of inhibition. The reported compounds could be considered as potential lead molecules for the treatment of type-2 diabetes. Further, molecular and clinical trials are required to select and establish the therapeutic drug candidates.

Ethnomedicinal uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Aspects of the Genus Berberis Linn: A Comprehensive Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roohi Mohi-ud-din ◽  
Reyaz Hassan Mir ◽  
Prince Ahad Mir ◽  
Saeema Farooq ◽  
Syed Naiem Raza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Ethnomedicinal Uses

Background: Genus Berberis (family Berberidaceae), which contains about 650 species and 17 genera worldwide, has been used in folklore and various traditional medicine systems. Berberis Linn. is the most established group among genera with around 450-500 species across the world. This comprehensive review will not only help researchers for further evaluation but also provide substantial information for future exploitation of species to develop novel herbal formulations. Objective: The present review is focussed to summarize and collect the updated review of information of Genus Berberis species reported to date regarding their ethnomedicinal information, chemical constituents, traditional/folklore use, and reported pharmacological activities on more than 40 species of Berberis. Conclusion: A comprehensive survey of the literature reveals that various species of the genus possess various phytoconstituents mainly alkaloids, flavonoid based compounds isolated from different parts of a plant with a wide range of pharmacological activities. So far, many pharmacological activities like anti-cancer, anti-hyperlipidemic, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory both in vitro & in vivo and clinical study of different extracts/isolated compounds of different species of Berberis have been reported, proving their importance as a medicinal plant and claiming their traditional use.

Nyctanthes Arbor-Tristis and its Role in the Alleviation of Arthritic Pain: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1147-1156
Author(s):  
Ruchi Singh ◽  
Syed M. Hasan ◽  
Amit Verma ◽  
Sanjay K. Panda
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Modern Drug ◽  
Active Chemical ◽  
Drug Synthesis ◽  
New Compounds

Background: A plant is a reservoir of potentially useful active chemical entities which act as drugs as well as intermediates for the discovery of newer molecules and provide newer leads for modern drug synthesis. The demand for new compounds in the field of medicine and biotechnology is centuries old and with a rise in chronic diseases and resistance to existing drugs in the field of anti-infective agents, the chemicals obtained from plant sources have been an area of attraction. The whole plant has possessed multiple pharmacological activities. This is scientifically established by in-vivo and in-vitro studies. Methods: Various electronic databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Google were searched to collect the data of the present review. All the collected information is categorized into different sections as per the aim of the paper. Results: Fifty-six research and review papers have been studied and were included in this review article. After a detailed study, we provide a significant description of various phytochemicals present in Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn., which is responsible for various pharmacological activities. Twenty of studied articles gives a general introduction and ethnobotanical information about the plant, two papers contained microscopic detail of leaf and fruit. Twenty papers contained information about the phytoconstituents present in different parts of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis plant and fourteen articles reported pharmacological activities like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiarthritic, antimicrobial and immunobiotic activity. Conclusion: This review explores the published research work comprising the ethnobotanical description of the subjected plant, distribution, phytochemical profile, and arthritis-related pharmacological activities.

scholarly journals A SPECIFIC POISON IN THE LIVER EXTRACTS OF RABBITS INOCULATED WITH TYPHOID AND PRODIGIOSUS BACILLI INTRAVENOUSLY

1918 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 571-583
Author(s):  
Julia T. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Anaphylactic Shock ◽  
Liver Extract ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Normal Liver ◽  
Immune Serum ◽  
Minimum Lethal Dose ◽  
Lethal Doses

1. The livers of rabbits inoculated with cultures of Bacillus typhosus or Bacillus prodigiosus under certain conditions contain a toxic substance extractable with salt solution. When the toxic extracts are injected intravenously into normal rabbits the latter animals develop symptoms resembling those of anaphylactic shock and succumb. The lethal doses of the toxic extracts are far smaller than those of normal liver extract. 2. The livers of rabbits injected with typhoid antigen also yield a toxic extract. 3. Boiling as well as filtration through a Berkefeld filter only partially detoxicates the extract. 4. Tolerance to one to two lethal doses of the poisonous extracts can be induced by cautious immunization. 5. Rabbits actively immunized to Bacillus typhosus or Bacillus prodigiosus usually resist one lethal dose of the homologous liver poison; and animals tolerant to the typhoid liver poison resist one minimum lethal dose at least of Bacillus typhosus. 6. Typhoid immune serum is not detoxicating either in vivo or in vitro for the typhoid liver poison. 7. The liver poisons are specific, since rabbits actively immunized to either Bacillus typhosus or Bacillus prodigiosus withstand at least one minimum lethal dose of the homologous but not of the heterologous-liver poisons.

scholarly journals Titanium Salan Complexes Displays Strong Antitumor Properties In Vitro and In Vivo in Mice

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. e17869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo A. Immel ◽  
Ulrich Groth ◽  
Thomas Huhn ◽  
Peter Öhlschläger
Keyword(s):  
Antitumor Properties

Ethnobotany, Pharmacological activities and Bioavailability studies of “King of Bitter” (Kalmegh): A Review (2010-2020)

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharuti Mehta ◽  
Anil Kumar Sharma ◽  
Rajesh Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
General Information ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Pure Compounds

Background: Andrographis paniculata, commonly known as “Kalmegh”, is an annual herbaceous plant from family Acanthaceae. The whole plant of A. paniculata has explored for multiple pharmacological activities and is scientifically recognized by in-vivo and in-vitro studies. Various biotechnologically engineered techniques have been explored to enhance the bioavailability of this plant. Objective: In this review, we aim to present comprehensive recent advances in the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, specific pharmacology, safety and toxicology and bioavailability of A. paniculata and its pure compounds. Possible directions for future research are also outlined in brief, which will encourage advance investigations on this plant. Methods: Information on the recent updates of the present review is collected from different electronic scientific databases such as Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. All the composed information is classified into different sections according to the objective of the paper. Results: More than hundred research and review papers have been studied and incorporated in the present manuscript. After vast literature search of A. paniculata, we present a noteworthy report of various phytoconstituents present in plant, which are accountable for potential therapeutic properties of the plant. Forty-five of studied articles give general information about introduction, ethnobotany and traditional uses of the plant. Twenty-two papers enclosed information about the phytoconstituents present in different parts of A. paniculata and seventy-two papers briefly outlined the pharmacological activities like antioxidant, anti-dengue, anti-ulcerogenic, antifungal, some miscellaneous activities like activity against SARS-CoV-2, antidiarrhoeal. Nineteen studies highlighted the research work conducted by various researchers to increased bioavailability of A. paniculata and two studies reported the safety and toxicology of the plant. Conclusion: This review incorporated the scientifically validated research work encompassing the ethnobotanical description of the subjected plant, phytochemical profile, various pharmacological activities, and recent approaches to enhance the bioavailability of active metabolites.

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