scholarly journals The composition and metabolic potential of the human small intestinal microbiota within the context of inflammatory bowel disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renate A A A Ruigrok ◽  
Valerie Collij ◽  
Paula Sureda ◽  
Marjolein A Y Klaassen ◽  
Laura A Bolte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
General Population ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Metabolic Potential ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Small Intestinal

Abstract Background and Aims The human gastrointestinal tract harbours distinct microbial communities essential for health. Little is known about small intestinal communities, despite the small intestine playing a fundamental role in nutrient absorption and host-microbe immune homeostasis. We aimed to explore the small intestine microbial composition and metabolic potential, in the context of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods Metagenomes derived from faecal samples and extensive phenotypes were collected from 57 individuals with an ileostomy or ileoanal pouch, and compared with 1178 general population and 478 IBD faecal metagenomes. Microbiome features were identified using MetaPhAn2 and HUMAnN2, and association analyses were performed using multivariate linear regression. Results Small intestinal samples had a significantly lower bacterial diversity, compared with the general population and, to a lesser extent, IBD samples. Comparing bacterial composition, small intestinal samples clustered furthest from general population samples and closest to IBD samples with intestinal resections. Veillonella atypica, Streptococcus salivarius and Actinomyces graevenitzii were among the species significantly enriched in the small intestine. Predicted metabolic pathways in the small intestine are predominantly involved in simple carbohydrate and energy metabolism, but also suggest a higher proinflammatory potential. Conclusion We described the bacterial composition and metabolic potential of the small intestinal microbiota. The colonic microbiome of IBD patients, particularly with intestinal resections, showed resemblance to that of the small intestine. Moreover, several features characterising the small intestinal microbiome have been previously associated with IBD. These results highlight the importance of studying the small intestinal microbiota to gain new insight into disease pathogenesis.

scholarly journals P837 Changes in the intestinal microbiota of patients with inflammatory bowel disease during an 8-week infliximab infusion cycle

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S649-S649
Author(s):  
G Seong ◽  
J H Song ◽  
J Shin ◽  
S M Kong ◽  
E R Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Maintenance Therapy ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Clinical Remission ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Infliximab Infusion ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Abstract Background This study investigated changes in the intestinal microbiota during 8-week infliximab maintenance therapy in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients with clinical remission. Microbial compositional differences were analysed according to the trough level of infliximab (TLI) and mucosal healing (MH) status. Methods 16S rRNA gene-based microbiome profiling was performed on 10 and 74 faecal samples from 10 healthy volunteers and 40 adult IBD patients, respectively. All enrolled IBD patients were in clinical remission during infliximab maintenance therapy. To identify changes in the intestinal microbiota, faecal sampling occurred at 1–2 weeks (1W) and 7–8 weeks (7W) after infliximab infusion. TLI was measured by ELISA at 8 weeks immediately before the subsequent infusion; MH was evaluated by endoscopy within 3 months. Results No significant differences were found in microbial composition, species richness, and diversity indices between 1W and 7W samples or in microbial composition and diversity between healthy volunteer and 1W or 7W samples. However, 7W faecal samples from the patients with TLI≥5 μg/ml showed increased species richness compared with TLI<5 μg/ml, and patients with MH showed increased species diversity compared with non-MH. Beta-diversity analysis showed clustering between samples in the MH and non-MH groups. LefSe analysis identified differential expression of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii group between TLI < 5 μg/ml and TLI ≥ 5 μg/ml and MH and non-MH groups. Conclusion There were no significant changes in the intestinal microbiota during an 8-week infliximab infusion cycle in IBD patients with clinical remission; however, microbial composition, species richness, and diversity were associated with TLI and MH status.

Small intestinal sampling capsule for inflammatory bowel disease type detection and management

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sina Nejati ◽  
Jiangshan Wang ◽  
Ulisses Heredia-Rivera ◽  
Sotoudeh Sedaghat ◽  
Ian Woodhouse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Fecal Calprotectin ◽  
Disease Type ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Small Intestinal

A non-invasive sampling capsule is introduced to site-selectively collect calprotectin biomarker from the small intestine. This approach can be accompanied with the fecal calprotectin assay to diagnose IBD and differentiate its types (CD and UC).

scholarly journals OP10 IgA coating of intestinal microbiota is associated with inflammatory bowel disease in twin pairs discordant for inflammatory bowel disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S010-S011
Author(s):  
E Brand ◽  
Y Laenen ◽  
F van Wijk ◽  
M de Zoete ◽  
B Oldenburg
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is thought to result from an interplay between microbiota, the immune system and the environment in genetically susceptible hosts. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) produced by the immune system can be specifically directed against bacteria. The IgA-coating pattern of intestinal bacteria thus reflects interactions between the immune system and specific bacteria. Studying IBD in twins, concordant and discordant for IBD, reduces the impact of genetic predisposition and childhood exposures and therefore offers the unique opportunity to focus on other factors such as intestinal microbiota composition and immune-interactions in IBD. Methods Faecal samples from twin pairs discordant for Crohn’s disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) were collected. Employing fluorescence-activated cell sorting, IgA+ and IgA− bacteria from the intestinal microbiota were sorted. Subsequently, (1) the total, (2) IgA+ and (3) IgA− microbial composition was determined by 16S rRNA sequencing (IgA-SEQ). We estimated the relative IgA coating per bacterial species by dividing the abundance of that species in the IgA+ fraction over the abundance in the IgA- fraction, representing the IgA coating index. Linear discriminant analyses were performed with LefSE. Results We included 31 twin pairs (62 individuals) discordant for IBD (CD: 15, UC: 16). 15/32 twin pairs were monozygotic, 43/62 of participants were female, the median age was 47 years (interquartile range: 34–58.5). Of 31 participants with IBD, 7 had signs of active inflammation based on endoscopy, Harvey–Bradshaw index or short clinical colitis activity index. Differences (log-linear discriminant analysis score >3) in the microbial composition of IgA-coated bacteria were observed between CD patients and their twin-siblings not affected by IBD: Dorea formicigenerans (increased in IgA coating), Parabacteroides sp., Christensenellaceae sp., Clostridium sp. and Mollicutes RF39 sp. (decreased in IgA coating). In ulcerative colitis patients, an increase in IgA-coating was observed for Ruminococcus gnavus and Dorea formicigenerans, while Turicibacter sp., Barnesiellaceae sp. and an unclassified Clostridiales sp. were decreased in IgA-coating compared with their twin-siblings not affected by IBD. Conclusion In twins affected by IBD, the pattern of IgA-coated bacteria differs between IBD and non-IBD affected individuals. These data on immune-bacteria interactions could serve as a starting point for the elucidation of the immune-responses triggered by specific bacteria in IBD.

scholarly journals Changes in the Intestinal Microbiota of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease with Clinical Remission during an 8-Week Infliximab Infusion Cycle

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 874
Author(s):  
Gyeol Seong ◽  
Namil Kim ◽  
Je-Gun Joung ◽  
Eun Ran Kim ◽  
Dong Kyung Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Clinical Remission ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Infliximab Infusion ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

This study investigated changes in the intestinal microbiota during 8-week infliximab maintenance therapy in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients in clinical remission. Microbial compositional differences were analyzed according to the trough level of infliximab (TLI) and mucosal healing (MH) status. 16S rRNA gene-based microbiome profiling was performed on 10 and 74 fecal samples from 10 healthy volunteers and 40 adult IBD patients, respectively. Fecal sampling occurred at 1–2 weeks (1W) and 7–8 weeks (7W) after infliximab infusion. TLI was measured by ELISA at 8 weeks, immediately before the subsequent infusion; MH was evaluated by endoscopy within 3 months. There were no significant changes in microbial composition, species richness, or diversity indices between 1W and 7W. However, 7W samples from the patients with TLI ≥ 5 μg/mL showed an increased species richness compared with patients with TLI < 5 μg/mL, and patients with MH showed increased diversity compared with non-MH patients. Beta-diversity analysis showed clustering between samples in the MH and non-MH groups. LEfSe analysis identified differential composition of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii group according to TLI and MH. In conclusion, these results suggest the potential of fecal microbiota as a response indicator.

Inflammatory bowel disease has a negative impact on patients reproductive behaviour: the first multicentre survey in the Czech Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
Dana Ďuricová ◽  
Zuzana Krátka ◽  
Martin Bortlík ◽  
Lenka Slabá ◽  
Kristýna Strnadová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
General Population ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Sexual Life ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Background: Several previous studies reported the negative impact of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on reproductive plans and fertility rate. The aim of our study was to investigate, for the first time, reproductive attitudes and fertility rate among Czech patients with IBD. Methods: Between March and August 2019, consecutive patients with IBD from 22 centres across the Czech Republic responded anonymously to a predefined questionnaire focused on the patients’ demographics, details of IBD and treatment, gynaecological/urological history, reproductive issues and patients’ knowledge on this topic. Results: The questionnaire was filled in by 798 patients (526 women; median age 34 years, 66% with Crohn’s disease). Of these, 58% of the females and 47.1% of the males already had ≥ 1 child (median 2 children). Women with IBD were significantly more worried about infertility (55.5% versus 22.4%), had more limitations in their sexual life (53.2% vs. 26.8%) and more frequently changed their earlier reproductive plans (27.6% versus 11.0%) than the males (p < 0.0001). The total fertility rate in female IBD patients was lower compared to the general population with 1.004 live births/IBD woman versus 1.69 live births/woman in the Czech population. The pattern of decreased fertility was observed in all age-specific categories. Of the childless patients, 14% of the women and 18.1% of the men were voluntarily childless. Approximately one-half of them indicated their IBD to be the primary cause. Conclusions: IBD seems to have a negative impact on patients’ reproductive plans and attitudes. The fertility rate in Czech IBD female patients was decreased compared to the general population in this study.

scholarly journals C4Bgene influences intestinal microbiota through complement activation in patients with paediatric-onset inflammatory bowel disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 190 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Nissilä ◽  
K. Korpela ◽  
A. I. Lokki ◽  
R. Paakkanen ◽  
S. Jokiranta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Complement Activation ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

scholarly journals Fecal microbiota Profiling in Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome-Type Symptoms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiufang Cui ◽  
Haiyang Wang ◽  
Ziping Ye ◽  
Yi Li ◽  
Xinyun Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Genus Level ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Abstract BACKGROUND: The intestinal microbiota is thought to be involved in the occurrence of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in remission (IBDR) with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)-type symptoms, but the specific distinct profile of these bacteria remains unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate this issue by conducting a cross-sectional study.METHODS: IBS patients were diagnosed according to Rome Ⅳ criteria, IBD diagnosed according to the criteria of European Crohn & Colitis Organization (ECCO), IBDR patients with IBS-type symptoms were defined according to related IBS-type symptoms meeting the Rome IV criteria in IBDR patients, and were included Crohn’s disease in remission (CDR) and ulcerative colitis in remission (UCR) based on Crohn’s Disease Activity Index (DAI) and Mayo Scoring System respectively. Healthy controls come from the physical examination center and exclude people with underlying diseases. All enrolled subjects were divided into six groups, as followed: Health Control, IBS, CDR with IBS-type symptoms (CDR-IBS+), CDR without IBS-type symptoms (CDR-IBS-), UCR-IBS+ and UCR-IBS-. We collected fresh fecal samples from all subjects and applied 16S rRNA sequencing analysis to detect the structure and diversity of the microbiota among different groups. RESULTS: A total of 97 subjects were included in this study, of which 18 were health controls, 34 IBS patients, 25 CDR and 20 UCR. The richness of intestinal microbiota in CDR-IBS-was significantly lower than that in the control and IBS groups based on the analysis of observed species and Chao index (P<0.05). The observed species index in CDR-IBS+ was significantly higher than CDR-IBS- group (median index: 254.8 vs 203, P=0.036). No difference was found in Alpha diversity between UCR-IBS+ and UCR-IBS-. At phylum level, there was no significant difference between UC or CD with IBS-type symptoms and those without related symptoms. At genus level, the number of Faecalibacterium in CDR-IBS+ increased significantly while Fusobacterium decreased compared with CDR-IBS-(mean relative abundance of Faecalibacterium: 20.35% vs 5.18%, P<0.05; Fusobacterium: 1.51% vs 5.2%, P<0.05). However, compared with UCR-IBS - group, the number of Faecalibacterium in UCR-IBS+ group decreased, while the number of Streptococcus increased, but there was no statistical difference in the genus structure. Regardless of the phylum or genus level, the abundance and composition of the microbiota of IBS patients were not distinct from those of healthy people.CONCLUSIONS: CD patients in remission with IBS-type symptoms may be related to the increase of Faecalibacterium and decrease of Fusobacterium. UC patients in remission with IBS-type symptoms cannot be explained by changes in the abundance and structure of intestinal microbiota from our across-sectional study.

scholarly journals Role of intestinal microbiota in pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (33) ◽  
pp. 4505
Author(s):  
Jing-Zhi Zhang ◽  
Chun-Hui Bao ◽  
Zheng Shi ◽  
Zhi-Jun Weng ◽  
Xiao-Mei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel
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