OP10 IgA coating of intestinal microbiota is associated with inflammatory bowel disease in twin pairs discordant for inflammatory bowel disease

Abstract Background The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is thought to result from an interplay between microbiota, the immune system and the environment in genetically susceptible hosts. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) produced by the immune system can be specifically directed against bacteria. The IgA-coating pattern of intestinal bacteria thus reflects interactions between the immune system and specific bacteria. Studying IBD in twins, concordant and discordant for IBD, reduces the impact of genetic predisposition and childhood exposures and therefore offers the unique opportunity to focus on other factors such as intestinal microbiota composition and immune-interactions in IBD. Methods Faecal samples from twin pairs discordant for Crohn’s disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) were collected. Employing fluorescence-activated cell sorting, IgA+ and IgA− bacteria from the intestinal microbiota were sorted. Subsequently, (1) the total, (2) IgA+ and (3) IgA− microbial composition was determined by 16S rRNA sequencing (IgA-SEQ). We estimated the relative IgA coating per bacterial species by dividing the abundance of that species in the IgA+ fraction over the abundance in the IgA- fraction, representing the IgA coating index. Linear discriminant analyses were performed with LefSE. Results We included 31 twin pairs (62 individuals) discordant for IBD (CD: 15, UC: 16). 15/32 twin pairs were monozygotic, 43/62 of participants were female, the median age was 47 years (interquartile range: 34–58.5). Of 31 participants with IBD, 7 had signs of active inflammation based on endoscopy, Harvey–Bradshaw index or short clinical colitis activity index. Differences (log-linear discriminant analysis score >3) in the microbial composition of IgA-coated bacteria were observed between CD patients and their twin-siblings not affected by IBD: Dorea formicigenerans (increased in IgA coating), Parabacteroides sp., Christensenellaceae sp., Clostridium sp. and Mollicutes RF39 sp. (decreased in IgA coating). In ulcerative colitis patients, an increase in IgA-coating was observed for Ruminococcus gnavus and Dorea formicigenerans, while Turicibacter sp., Barnesiellaceae sp. and an unclassified Clostridiales sp. were decreased in IgA-coating compared with their twin-siblings not affected by IBD. Conclusion In twins affected by IBD, the pattern of IgA-coated bacteria differs between IBD and non-IBD affected individuals. These data on immune-bacteria interactions could serve as a starting point for the elucidation of the immune-responses triggered by specific bacteria in IBD.

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P837 Changes in the intestinal microbiota of patients with inflammatory bowel disease during an 8-week infliximab infusion cycle

Journal of Crohn s and Colitis ◽

10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz203.965 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S649-S649

Author(s):

G Seong ◽

J H Song ◽

J Shin ◽

S M Kong ◽

E R Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Species Richness ◽

Maintenance Therapy ◽

Intestinal Microbiota ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Clinical Remission ◽

Microbial Composition ◽

Infliximab Infusion ◽

Faecal Samples ◽

Inflammatory Bowel

Abstract Background This study investigated changes in the intestinal microbiota during 8-week infliximab maintenance therapy in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients with clinical remission. Microbial compositional differences were analysed according to the trough level of infliximab (TLI) and mucosal healing (MH) status. Methods 16S rRNA gene-based microbiome profiling was performed on 10 and 74 faecal samples from 10 healthy volunteers and 40 adult IBD patients, respectively. All enrolled IBD patients were in clinical remission during infliximab maintenance therapy. To identify changes in the intestinal microbiota, faecal sampling occurred at 1–2 weeks (1W) and 7–8 weeks (7W) after infliximab infusion. TLI was measured by ELISA at 8 weeks immediately before the subsequent infusion; MH was evaluated by endoscopy within 3 months. Results No significant differences were found in microbial composition, species richness, and diversity indices between 1W and 7W samples or in microbial composition and diversity between healthy volunteer and 1W or 7W samples. However, 7W faecal samples from the patients with TLI≥5 μg/ml showed increased species richness compared with TLI<5 μg/ml, and patients with MH showed increased species diversity compared with non-MH. Beta-diversity analysis showed clustering between samples in the MH and non-MH groups. LefSe analysis identified differential expression of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii group between TLI < 5 μg/ml and TLI ≥ 5 μg/ml and MH and non-MH groups. Conclusion There were no significant changes in the intestinal microbiota during an 8-week infliximab infusion cycle in IBD patients with clinical remission; however, microbial composition, species richness, and diversity were associated with TLI and MH status.

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Microbiota-nourishing Immunity and Its Relevance for Ulcerative Colitis

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽

10.1093/ibd/izz004 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (5) ◽

pp. 811-815 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Mariana X Byndloss ◽

Yael Litvak ◽

Andreas J Bäumler

Keyword(s):

Ulcerative Colitis ◽

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Immune System ◽

Environmental Exposure ◽

Large Intestine ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Human Diseases ◽

Colonization Resistance ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

New Hypothesis

An imbalance in our microbiota may contribute to many human diseases, but the mechanistic underpinnings of dysbiosis remain poorly understood. We argue that dysbiosis is secondary to a defect in microbiota-nourishing immunity, a part of our immune system that balances the microbiota to attain colonization resistance against environmental exposure to microorganisms. We discuss this new hypothesis and its implications for ulcerative colitis, an inflammatory bowel disease of the large intestine.

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Work Productivity Loss in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients in Turkey

Gastroenterology Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2020/6979720 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Firdevs Topal ◽

Hakan Camyar ◽

Elif Saritas Yuksel ◽

Suleyman Gunay ◽

Fatih Topal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ulcerative Colitis ◽

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Online Survey ◽

Productivity Loss ◽

Young Patients ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

The Impact

Background. Beyond the medical treatment in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), there are other issues which influence the quality of life adversely. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the IBD patients’ illness on working and education life. Method. The participants were invited to participate in the online survey from the Turkish Crohn’s and Ulcerative Colitis Patient Association network. The data was analysed and then discussed to improve the health-related quality of working and education life. Results. One hundred and fifteen patients had ulcerative colitis (UC) (57.2%), and 86 had Crohn’s disease (CD) (42.8%). There was a statistically significant difference in UC between retirement age group 1 (<40 age) and groups 2 (40-49 ages) and 4 (60-65 ages) (p<0.05). There was the same significant difference in CD. Even though the data did not have significant statistical difference, there was clustering around negative perceptions the patients have about their working and education lives. Conclusion. Our survey revealed a very strong causative relationship between work and IBD involving problems before, during, and at the end of employment. Young patients lower their career expectations, and that announces a clear need to support them and improve career guidance.

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Bifidobacterium Longum: Protection against Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Journal of Immunology Research ◽

10.1155/2021/8030297 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Shunyu Yao ◽

Zixi Zhao ◽

Weijun Wang ◽

Xiaolu Liu

Keyword(s):

Ulcerative Colitis ◽

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Clinical Trials ◽

Immune System ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Animal Studies ◽

Bifidobacterium Longum ◽

Future Research ◽

The Past ◽

Inflammatory Bowel

The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), increases gradually worldwide in the past decades. IBD is generally associated with the change of the immune system and gut microbiota, and the conventional treatments usually result in some side effects. Bifidobacterium longum, as colonizing bacteria in the intestine, has been demonstrated to be capable of relieving colitis in mice and can be employed as an alternative or auxiliary way for treating IBD. Here, the mechanisms of the Bifidobacterium longum in the treatment of IBD were summarized based on previous cell and animal studies and clinical trials testing bacterial therapies. This review will be served as a basis for future research on IBD treatment.

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Sparring partners in inflammatory bowel disease: Resident microbiota and the gastrointestinal mucosal immune system

The Biochemist ◽

10.1042/bio03304026 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 26-31

Author(s):

Mona Bajaj-Elliott

Keyword(s):

Ulcerative Colitis ◽

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Crohn’S Disease ◽

Immune System ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Mucosal Immune System ◽

Inflammatory Conditions ◽

Cellular Events ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Molecular Nature

Intestinal homoeostasis is a complex affair. We are just beginning to appreciate the molecular nature of the crosstalk that allows happy coexistence between the commensal resident microbiota and the gastrointestinal (GI) mucosal immune system. Both microbial and host components involved in this interplay are being increasingly identified and studied. A better understanding of these multifaceted interactions holds the key for unlocking the cellular events responsible for gut inflammatory conditions such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.

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Inflammatory Bowel Disease, the Oral Contraceptive Pill and Pregnancy

Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology ◽

10.1155/1994/192426 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 430-432 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Robert N Allan

Keyword(s):

Ulcerative Colitis ◽

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Crohn’S Disease ◽

Oral Contraceptive ◽

Crohn's Disease ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Oral Contraceptive Pill ◽

Contraceptive Pill ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

The Impact

This paper summarizes our current knowledge of the role of the oral contraceptive pill in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBO), followed by a review of fertility in women and men. IBD and pregnancy, including the impact on the fetus and the mother with ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease, is considered. The safety of drug treatment during pregnancy, the outcome of surgical treatment during pregnancy and the problems that may be encountered during pregnancy in patients with an ileostomy or ileo-anal pouch are discussed, followed by a review of the short and long term prognosis of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease partition.

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Bases for the Adequate Development of Nutritional Recommendations for Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11051062 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 1062 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Esteban Sáez-González ◽

Beatriz Mateos ◽

Pedro López-Muñoz ◽

Marisa Iborra ◽

Inés Moret ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Immune System ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Intestinal Microbiota ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Nutritional Intervention ◽

Host Cells ◽

Host Immune System ◽

Intestinal Immunity ◽

Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract; it is a heterogeneous and multifactorial disorder resulting from a complex interplay between genetic variation, intestinal microbiota, the host immune system and environmental factors such as diet, drugs, breastfeeding and smoking. The interactions between dietary nutrients and intestinal immunity are complex. There is a compelling argument for environmental factors such as diet playing a role in the cause and course of IBD, given that three important factors in the pathogenesis of IBD can be modulated and controlled by diet: intestinal microbiota, the immune system and epithelial barrier function. The aim of this review is to summarize the epidemiological findings regarding diet and to focus on the effects that nutrients exert on the intestinal mucosa–microbiota–permeability interaction. The nature of these interactions in IBD is influenced by alterations in the nutritional metabolism of the gut microbiota and host cells that can influence the outcome of nutritional intervention. A better understanding of diet–host–microbiota interactions is essential for unravelling the complex molecular basis of epigenetic, genetic and environmental interactions underlying IBD pathogenesis as well as for offering new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of IBD.

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Association of Fucosyltransferase 2 Gene Polymorphisms with Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Patients from Southeast China

Gastroenterology Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2017/4148651 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hao Wu ◽

Liang Sun ◽

Dao-po Lin ◽

Xiao-xiao Shao ◽

Sheng-long Xia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ulcerative Colitis ◽

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Intestinal Microbiota ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Gene Polymorphisms ◽

Mutant Allele ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Southeast China ◽

Genotype Frequencies ◽

Inflammatory Bowel

Aims. Fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2) gene potentially affects the constituent of intestinal microbiota, which play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study investigated the association of FUT2 gene polymorphisms with IBD in southeast China. Methods. We collected 671 IBD patients and 502 healthy controls. FUT2 gene polymorphisms (C357T, A385T, and G428A) were determined by SNaPshot. Frequencies of the FUT2 genotypes, alleles, and haplotype between groups were compared by χ2 test. Results. The allele and genotype frequencies of FUT2 did not differ between ulcerative colitis patients and controls (all P>0.05). However, mutant allele and genotype of FUT2 (A385T) were significantly increased in Crohn’s disease (CD) patients (P=0.024, OR = 1.271, and 95% CI = 1.031–1.565; P<0.001, OR = 1.927, and 95% CI = 1.353–2.747, resp.). The same conclusion was drawn from FUT2 (G428A) (P=0.023, OR = 3.324, and 95% CI = 1.108–9.968; P=0.044, OR = 1.116–10.137, and 95% CI = 1.116–10.137, resp.). The haplotype TT formed with “C357T and A385T” was more prevalent in CD patients than in controls (P=0.020, OR = 1.277, and 95% CI = 1.036–1.573). Besides, frequencies of mutant allele and genotype of FUT2 (A385T) were significantly lower in patients with ileocolonic CD than in those with colonic CD (P=0.001 and 0.002, resp.) and ileal CD (P=0.007 and 0.004, resp.). Conclusions. FUT2 gene polymorphisms and haplotypes were associated with the susceptibility to CD but not UC.

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OP35 Treatment outcomes of inflammatory bowel disease in the biological era—a nationwide retrospective cohort study in three Nordic countries: Results from the TRINordic study

Journal of Crohn s and Colitis ◽

10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz203.034 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S036-S037

Author(s):

M Zhao ◽

M Lördal ◽

E Langholz ◽

T Knudsen ◽

M Voutilainen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ulcerative Colitis ◽

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Crohn’S Disease ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Nordic Countries ◽

Patient Registries ◽

Disease Outcomes ◽

National Patient ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Biological therapy has been suggested to decrease surgery and hospitalisation risk in patients diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). During 2010 to 2016, the use of biologics in Denmark (DEN), Sweden (SWE) and Norway (NOR) increased dramatically and the time to first biologic treatment declined.1 However, the impact of increasing use of biologics on disease outcomes remains to be shown in real-life practice. In this nationwide study in three Nordic countries, we aimed to investigate trends in surgery and hospitalisation rates in IBD patients in the biological era.1 Høivik ML et al. Time to first treatment with biologic agents for Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease across four Nordic countries: Results from the TRINordic study, Submitted to ECCO 2020. Methods A total number of 67 758 IBD patients (42 894 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 24 864 Crohn’s disease (CD) diagnosed during the period from 2010 to 2017 in DEN, NOR and SWE were included using the National Patient Registries. Patients were required to have 1-year follow-up; results are limited to patients diagnosed between 2010 and 2016, inclusive. Using the unique personal identification number, individual-level information on surgery, hospitalisation and drug treatment were extracted from the National Patient Registries and the National Prescription Registries. Disease outcomes within two years after diagnosis were compared across annual cohorts. Results During 2010 to 2016, 2-year surgery rates in CD patients showed a non-significant decline from 11.9% in 2011 to 9.5% in 2016 in SWE while remaining stable in NOR and DEN (Figure 1). No temporal pattern in surgery risk was observed for UC. The proportion of CD patients being hospitalised within two years from diagnosis declined in SWE and NOR from 52.3% and 51.0% in 2011 to 47.3% and 38.5% in 2015 (p < 0.001), respectively, while hospitalisation in UC remained stable. In contrast, 2-year hospitalisation rates in DEN increased in CD from 27.0% in 2011 to 31.5% in 2016 (p = 0.045) and similarly in UC from 20.4 to 35.0% (p < 0.001), respectively (Figure 2). Conclusion No clear pattern was seen in two-year surgery and hospitalisation rates in IBD patients during 2010 to 2017 despite a concurrent increase in biological use in all countries. However, differences in treatment practices across countries might influence these findings. The impact of increased biological use on long-term outcomes in IBD remains to be shown.

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Sarcopenia in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Narrative Overview

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13020656 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 656

Author(s):

Amritpal Dhaliwal ◽

Jonathan I. Quinlan ◽

Kellie Overthrow ◽

Carolyn Greig ◽

Janet M. Lord ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Ulcerative Colitis ◽

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Common Condition ◽

Surgical Interventions ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

The Impact

Malnutrition is a common condition encountered in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and is often associated with sarcopenia (the reduction of muscle mass and strength) which is an ever-growing consideration in chronic diseases. Recent data suggest the prevalence of sarcopenia is 52% and 37% in Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, respectively, however it is challenging to fully appreciate the prevalence of sarcopenia in IBD. Sarcopenia is an important consideration in the management of IBD, including the impact on quality of life, prognostication, and treatment such as surgical interventions, biologics and immunomodulators. There is evolving research in many chronic inflammatory states, such as chronic liver disease and rheumatoid arthritis, whereby interventions have begun to be developed to counteract sarcopenia. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the current literature regarding the impact of sarcopenia in the management of IBD, from mechanistic drivers through to assessment and management.

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