First Insights into the Chemical Ecology of an Invasive Pest: Olfactory Preferences of the Viburnum Leaf Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 364-369
Author(s):  
Gaylord A Desurmont ◽  
Stéphanie P G Morelon ◽  
Betty Benrey
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Chemical Ecology ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Viburnum Opulus ◽  
Olfactory Preferences ◽  
Pyrrhalta Viburni ◽  
Consistent Treatment ◽  
Managed Landscapes

Abstract The viburnum leaf beetle (VLB), Pyrrhalta viburni (Paykull), is an invasive chrysomelid in North America where it infests native Viburnum shrubs in woody areas and managed landscapes. Despite its invasive and destructive nature, little is known about the chemical ecology of this beetle, and efficient chemical lures for monitoring and trapping this insect have yet to be developed. Using two of the main host plants of VLB in its native range, Viburnum opulus L. (Caprifoliaceae) and V. lantana L., we examined the olfactory preferences of adult females of VLB under laboratory conditions and measured volatile emissions of Viburnum twigs with and without VLB damage. VLB females had a clear preference for V. opulus and V. lantana twigs compared to blank odor sources. In addition, twigs with foliar damage and fresh egg masses were found to be more attractive than noninfested twigs in V. opulus when VLB infestation was recent, but not when twigs had been infested for several weeks. Chemical analyses revealed consistent treatment-specific blends of compounds, which may be used for the elaboration of attractive lures. Future research should focus on the identification of these compounds and on exploring the olfactory preferences of VLB with Viburnum species present in North America.

PYRRHALTA VIBURNI (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE), A EURASIAN PEST OF VIBURNUM RECENTLY ESTABLISHED IN CANADA

1979 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward C. Becker
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Viburnum Opulus ◽  
Pyrrhalta Viburni ◽  
First Time ◽  
Considerable Damage

AbstractPyrrhalta viburni (Paykull), a native of Eurasia, is reported for the first time as established in North America. In the Ottawa, Ont., area (including Hull, Que.) adults were very abundant and causing considerable damage to cultivated varieties of Viburnum opulus L. and moderate damage to the native V. Rafinesquianum Schultes. Photographs, a comparison with the similar species, P. luteola (Müller), and a brief note on egg laying are given.

scholarly journals Oviposition strategy as a means of local adaptation to plant defence in native and invasive populations of the viburnum leaf beetle

2011 ◽  
Vol 279 (1730) ◽  
pp. 952-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaylord A. Desurmont ◽  
Franck Hérard ◽  
Anurag A. Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Positive Density ◽  
Plant Defences ◽  
Viburnum Opulus ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Wound Responses ◽  
Pyrrhalta Viburni ◽  
Two Populations

Herbivores have been hypothesized to adapt locally to variation in plant defences and such adaptation could facilitate novel associations in the context of biological invasions. Here, we show that in the native range of the viburnum leaf beetle (VLB, Pyrrhalta viburni ), two populations of geographically isolated hosts— Viburnum opulus and Viburnum tinus —have divergent defences against VLB oviposition: negative versus positive density-dependent egg-crushing wound responses, respectively. Populations of beetles coexisting with each host show an adaptive behavioural response: aggregative versus non-aggregative oviposition on V. opulus and V. tinus , respectively. In parallel, we show that in North America, where VLB is invasive, defences of three novel hosts are negatively density-dependent, and beetles' oviposition behaviour is aggregative. Thus, local adaptation to plant defences has the potential to facilitate the invasion of herbivores onto novel hosts.

scholarly journals Mites associated with egg masses of the viburnum leaf beetle Pyrrhalta viburni (Paykull) on Viburnum tinus L.

Acarologia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-72
Author(s):  
Gaylord A. Desurmont ◽  
Elven Kerdellant ◽  
Tobias Pfingstl ◽  
Phillipe Auger ◽  
Marie-Stéphane Tixier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Southern France ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Pyrrhalta Viburni

The viburnum leaf beetle Pyrrhalta viburni (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is a specialist Viburnum leaf-feeder that is native to Eurasia and invasive in North America. Eggs of P. viburni are laid in round cavities excavated by the ovipositing female beetle and covered with a protective secretion. We document in this paper the mite fauna associated with P. viburni egg masses on Viburnum tinus in southern France. We then report the results of experiments investigating the seasonal patterns of mite infestation and the effects of the most common mite found within egg masses, Trichoribates trimaculatus (Oribatida: Ceratozetidae), on P. viburni egg survivorship. A diverse mite fauna of 18 species was found on V. tinus twigs, often living within P. viburni egg masses, including predaceous, phytophagous, and detritivorous species. Mite abundance and diversity were higher on Viburnum twigs containing at least one intact egg mass and were positively correlated with the number of intact egg masses per twig. Detritivorous mites were more abundant on twigs nine months after oviposition than one and four months after oviposition. Finally, we found no evidence that T. trimaculatus impacts P. viburni egg survivorship and overwintering success. These findings show that P. viburni egg masses and their associated cavities form a microhabitat favorable for the establishment of several mite species. It seems likely that these associations are cases of commensalism where mites benefit from the presence of food and shelter in these protected cavities, with no direct negative impact on P. viburni eggs.

Semiochemistry and chemical ecology of the emerald ash borerAgrilus planipennis(Coleoptera: Buprestidae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 147 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Silk ◽  
Krista Ryall
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Chemical Ecology ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
The United States ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Mate Finding ◽  
Pheromone Components ◽  
Ash Trees

AbstractThe emerald ash borer (EAB),Agrilus planipennisFairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) is a very serious invasive pest in North America, causing extremely high levels of mortality to ash trees (FraxinusLinnaeus, Oleaceae) in the United States of America and Canada. Knowledge of buprestid chemical ecology is sparse, but the appearance of EAB in North America and its devastating ecological and economic impacts, particularly in the urban environment, have provided an opportunity to study the semiochemistry, natural history, and ecology of this buprestid in detail. This review will summarise the chemical ecology of EAB to date, discussing studies on semiochemistry, natural history, and behaviour with respect to host and mate finding that have identified several female-produced pheromone components (contact and sex pheromones), and attractive host kairomones. Earlier reviews focused on studies of attractive host volatiles with respect to development of a trapping system and visual and contact phenomena in EAB mate finding. This has led to the development of an efficient trapping system for EAB, with attempts to optimise the range of variables in trap protocols, combining pheromone components, release rates, and combinations with host kairomones, as well as trap type, placement, height, and colour being taken into account.

Potential distribution and relative abundance of an invasive cereal crop pest, Oulema melanopus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), in Canada

2004 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Olfert ◽  
R.M. Weiss ◽  
S. Woods ◽  
H. Philip ◽  
L. Dosdall
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Actual Distribution ◽  
Cereal Leaf Beetle ◽  
Oulema Melanopus

AbstractCereal leaf beetle, Oulema melanopus L., is an invasive pest insect of small grain cereal crops, particularly oat, wheat, and barley. The first report of cereal leaf beetle populations in North America came from Michigan in 1962. Surveys indicate that populations have become established throughout eastern North America from Ontario to Alabama and in northwestern North America from Utah to southern British Columbia. The establishment of O. melanopus in western North America has raised concern that its presence is a potential risk to the Canadian cereal industry, especially in the prairie ecozone of western Canada, where up to 10 million hectares of cereal crops are grown annually. Field surveys to date have indicated that O. melanopus has not yet become established in this region. A CLIMEX™ model for O. melanopus in North America was developed, based on climate and ecological parameters, and validated with actual distribution records. The actual distribution of O. melanopus in eastern North America matched the predicted distribution well. The model predicts that, once introduced, O. melanopus would readily survive in the cereal-growing areas of western Canada and present a significant risk to cereal production. The potential for establishment of O. melanopus in the prairie ecozone of western Canada substantiates the efforts by regulatory agencies to prevent accidental introduction of this pest species.

Influence of prey size and environmental factors on predation by Podisus maculiventris (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) on viburnum leaf beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

2008 ◽  
Vol 140 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaylord A. Desurmont ◽  
Paul A. Weston
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Podisus Maculiventris ◽  
Viburnum Opulus ◽  
Host Plant Species ◽  
Search Area ◽  
Rate Of Increase

AbstractExperiments were conducted under laboratory conditions to determine the influence of the relative sizes of predator and prey, temperature, presence of refugia, size of the search area, and host-plant species on the predation performance of Podisus maculiventris (Say) nymphs against viburnum leaf beetle, Pyrrhalta viburni (Paykull), a new landscape pest in North America that feeds on the foliage of species of Viburnum L. (Caprifoliaceae). Predator handling time was positively correlated with body mass of the prey for all instars of P. maculiventris, but the rate of increase of handling time relative to prey mass decreased as predator age increased. Temperature was positively correlated with predation rates, but the presence of refugia did not have an impact on predation. The influence of host-plant species and size of the search area was tested on southern arrowwood (Viburnum dentatum L.) and American cranberrybush (Viburnum opulus L. var. americanum Aiton). There was a significant interaction between plant species and size of the search area, the species effect becoming significant as leaf surface area increased. In the case of southern arrowwood a negative correlation between size of the search area and predation rate was also detected. The identification of these factors adds valuable knowledge for using P. maculiventris as a biological-control agent against P. viburni.

I See Myself through My Avatar: Evidence from East Asia and North America for Acculturated Effects on Virtual Representation Preference

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 79-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunwoo Yoon ◽  
Patrick T. Vargas
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Future Research ◽  
East Asians ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
North Americans ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
Quasi Experiment

In the present research we argue that avatars, as identity containers, can mirror people’s self-concepts. Research in cultural psychology suggests that East Asians tend to be more tolerant of contradictions and that they more easily adjust their self-concepts in accordance with changing contexts compared to North Americans (see Heine 2001). We therefore assume that preferred forms of avatars among East Asians and North Americans are different because of this self-concept variability across cultures. We conducted a quasi-experiment to explore how people in the two cultures differently evaluate two forms of avatars, human-like and cartoon-like avatars, in terms of likeability and preference. We found that East Asians rated cartoon-like avatars more favourably than North Americans. Moreover, compared to North Americans, East Asians preferred cartoon-like avatars to human-like avatars for their hypothetical avatars to play games. We conclude by discussing implications for future research.

Viburnum Leaf Beetle, Pyrrhalta viburni (Paykull) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

2008 ◽  
pp. 4105-4107
Author(s):  
John B. Heppner ◽  
John B. Heppner ◽  
John L. Capinera ◽  
Jamie Ellis ◽  
Andrey N. Alekseev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Pyrrhalta Viburni

Innovation for Sustainability in Aviation

2013 ◽  
pp. 885-902
Author(s):  
Hiroko Nakamura ◽  
Yuya Kajikawa ◽  
Shinji Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Transition Management ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The World ◽  
Multi Level

In this chapter, the shared visions and the latest activities for sustainability in the aviation sector are presented and perspectives on the innovations that this sector should achieve are discussed. To do this, the latest experts’ talks are collected from four international meetings for aviation and the environment held around the world between September 2009 and May 2010, which invited experts and researchers from Japan, Europe, and North America. The expansion of networks between agents of the sector, which is considered to be essential for the success of innovation transition, is found in the latest projects for aviation sustainability. To smooth the transition of innovation from sector’s initiatives including radical change such as low-carbon alternative fuels, we emphasize the need for more discussion about new economic measurements. Finally, we discuss directions for future research, using multi-level perspectives for a transition management of aviation innovation for sustainability.

scholarly journals Funding, financing and governing urban infrastructures

Urban Studies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 1291-1303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter O’Brien ◽  
Phil O’Neill ◽  
Andy Pike
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Urban Infrastructure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Infrastructure Provision ◽  
Infrastructure Policy ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Empirical Material

This Special Issue aims to further understanding and explanation of the funding, financing and governing of urban infrastructure amidst its engagements with contemporary financialisation. Drawing upon empirical material from international cases from Europe, North America, Africa and Asia, it identifies critical issues to advance work in this area. These themes concern: the impacts of financialisation upon shifting the definitions and conceptualisations of urban infrastructure; the worth of adopting more actor-oriented and grounded approaches to financialisation; the importance of affording greater recognition to national and local states as the objects and agents of financialising relations, processes and practices; the substance and ramifications of the emergent informalisation of infrastructure policy-making and governance; and, the implications of financialisation for the evolving and uneven landscapes of urban infrastructure provision. The arguments are, first, that how infrastructure is funded, financed and governed is integral to explaining socially and spatially uneven infrastructural provision and its urban development ramifications; and second, the engagements of urban infrastructure with contemporary financialisation have become central in such accounts. Future research avenues are identified. These comprise: identifying exactly how revenues are generated from infrastructure assets; specifying the relations of financialisation with other processes such as ‘assetisation’, ‘marketisation’ and privatisation; extending the geographical and comparative reach of current studies; elaborating the spaces of regulation in negotiating and accommodating infrastructure financialisation; and, scrutinising the roles of decentralised powers and resources in financialising urban infrastructure and exploring its alternatives.

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