The Secret of Efficiency? Social Relations and Patronage in the British Army in the Era of the First World War*

The English Historical Review ◽

10.1093/ehr/ceaa258 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Aimée Fox

Keyword(s):

Social History ◽

Social Relations ◽

Armed Forces ◽

First World War ◽

British Army ◽

Hierarchical Systems ◽

World War ◽

The Social ◽

The First World War ◽

First World

Abstract In recent years, the social history of armed forces has done much to reconstruct the experience of soldiering. However, remarkably few studies focus explicitly upon the social and political relations that play a central role in how armies behave. This article aims to understand the British Army in the era of the First World War in terms of its informal and formal organisation, exploring and interrogating the connections and relationships between individuals and the structures within which they operate. Using the concept of patronage as a lens, it will demonstrate how social relationships were able to offer alternatives to purely hierarchical systems of administration. Rather than simple favouritism, for a variety of reasons these processes functioned along meritocratic lines, enabling the Army to adopt pragmatic and innovative solutions to the challenges of the First World War.

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Kemalism and Beyond

The Oxford Handbook of Contemporary Middle-Eastern and North African History ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199672530.013.7 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 161-179

Author(s):

Christopher Houston

Keyword(s):

Civil Society ◽

Social History ◽

First World War ◽

Social Conditions ◽

Power Struggle ◽

World War ◽

The Social ◽

The First World War ◽

History Of ◽

First World

Abstract: Despite the ceaseless efforts of what its supporters name the “Atatürk Cumhuriyeti” (Atatürk Republic), Kemalism is seen by many as a discredited ideology and an oppressive political practice. This chapter explores the social history of Kemalism since 1923 and the background to its now decades-long crisis of legitimacy. It compares the orthodox narrative concerning the Kemalist project with its various deconstructive accounts, many of which zero in on the years after the First World War and the 1920s and 1930s as foundational in present-day conflicts. These orthodox and heterodox histories, allied to the interests of different groups, do politics by another means. The chapter then traces how the power struggle over Kemalism’s futures is developing. Rather than pontificate about what the state or civil society should do, it concludes by drawing attention to emerging lineaments of change in existing civil society and social conditions.

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Living Through Wartime

Archiv orientální ◽

10.47979/aror.j.88.3.449-472 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 88 (3) ◽

pp. 449-472

Author(s):

Nicole A. N. M. Van Os

Keyword(s):

Ottoman Empire ◽

Social History ◽

Military History ◽

First World War ◽

The Self ◽

World War ◽

The Social ◽

The First World War ◽

History Of ◽

First World

Archival sources, but also self-narratives, newspapers, and periodicals, have been im- portant sources for political and military historians of the last two decennia of the Ot- toman Empire in general and the First World War in particular. In recent years, an increasing number of historians have become interested in more than the political and military history of the period. The field has been broadened to include social history. Conventional sources have been reread to get a better understanding of the effects of the War on the social domains and everyday life. Self-narratives have proven to be in- valuable sources for social historians working on the period. These self-narratives were not only produced by the men in charge, but by people from all walks of life: soldiers and civilians, men and women noted down their wartime experiences in their diaries or letters home and in memoirs and autobiographies. In most cases, the self-narratives used by historians were, however, those written by men in which women were objecti- fied. In this paper, the self-narratives of women living in the Ottoman Empire during the First World War are preliminarily explored to give them a voice and turn them into subjects rather than objects.

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Western Ethnic Borderlands in the Influence of Russian-Soviet Propagangda Before and in the Years of the Second World War

Науковий вісник Чернівецького національного університету імені Юрія Федьковича Історія ◽

10.31861/hj2017.46.32-39 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (46) ◽

pp. 32-39

Author(s):

Igor Lyubchyk

Keyword(s):

First World War ◽

Second World War ◽

World War ◽

Russian Orthodoxy ◽

The Social ◽

The First World War ◽

Post War ◽

Second World ◽

First World ◽

Russian Identity

The research issue peculiarities of wide Russian propaganda among the most Western ethnographic group – Lemkies is revealed in the article. The character and orientation of Russian and Soviet agitation through the social, religious and social movements aimed at supporting Russian identity in the region are traced. Tragic pages during the First World War were Thalrogian prisons for Lemkas, which actually swept Lemkivshchyna through Muscovophilian influences. Agitation for Russian Orthodoxy has provoked frequent cases of sharp conflicts between Lemkas. In general, attempts by moskvophile agitators to impose russian identity on the Orthodox rite were failed. Taking advantage of the complex socio-economic situation of Lemkos, Russian campaigners began to promote moving to the USSR. Another stage of Russian propaganda among Lemkos began with the onset of the Second World War. Throughout the territory of the Galician Lemkivshchyna, Soviet propaganda for resettlement to the USSR began rather quickly. During the dramatic events of the Second World War and the post-war period, despite the outbreaks of the liberation movement, among the Lemkoswere manifestations of political sympathies oriented toward the USSR. Keywords: borderlands, Lemkivshchyna, Lemky, Lemkivsky schism, Moskvophile, Orthodoxy, agitation, ethnopolitics

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Information management in the Intelligence Branch of Britain’s War Office, 1873-1914: ‘All information flows toward it, or returns to it, in a form worked up into shape’

Open Information Science ◽

10.1515/opis-2020-0008 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 91-105

Author(s):

Alistair Black

Keyword(s):

Information Management ◽

First World War ◽

Information Flows ◽

British Army ◽

World War ◽

Rational System ◽

Strategic Intelligence ◽

The First World War ◽

National Archives ◽

First World

AbstractIntelligence has always been an aspect of organized warfare. It was not until 1873, however, that the British Army recognised this formally by establishing an explicitly named unit, under the auspices of the War Office, dedicated to the development of strategic intelligence: the Intelligence Branch. Based on documents held in the National Archives (UK), this study explores the ways in which the work of the Intelligence Branch developed before the First World War in response to imperial and foreign military challenges and the growing awareness of the importance of strategic intelligence and planning. The Branch’s steam-age origins should not disguise the intensity and sophistication of the information management that underpinned its operations. Attention is paid to the type of information management methods that were employed. The existence of a rational system of information management is revealed, consisting of planned phases for the collection, processing, storage, organisation, analysis and dissemination of information.

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Mobilizing the Russian Nation: Patriotism and Citizenship in the First World War. By Melissa Kirschke Stockdale. Studies in the Social and Cultural History of Modern Warfare, volume 45. Edited by Jay Winter.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016. Pp. xviii+284. $99.99.

The Journal of Modern History ◽

10.1086/697367 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 90 (2) ◽

pp. 494-496

Author(s):

Joshua Sanborn

Keyword(s):

Cultural History ◽

First World War ◽

World War ◽

Cambridge University ◽

The Social ◽

The First World War ◽

History Of ◽

Modern Warfare ◽

First World

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Arcybiskup generał brygady Sawa (Sowietow) 1898–1951: duszpasterz, żołnierz, obywatel

10.31338/uw.9788323549352 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jerzy Grzybowski

Keyword(s):

Armed Forces ◽

First World War ◽

Second World War ◽

Orthodox Church ◽

Religious Service ◽

World War ◽

Military Chaplain ◽

The First World War ◽

Second World ◽

First World

The books presents the life of archbishop brygadier general Sawa (Sowietow). The author explores its successive stages: young years during the First World War, priesthood in the Second Polish Republic, wanderings during the Second World War, service in Polish Armed Forces in the West (as the chief military chaplain of the Orthodox Church), and religious service among Polish citizens abroad after the Yalta Conference.

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EL NACIONALISMO FRANQUISTA. Catolicismo, antiliberalismo, fascismo

Cliocanarias ◽

10.53335/cliocanarias.2021.3.09 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-43

Author(s):

Miguel Ángel Perfecto García ◽

Keyword(s):

Catholic Church ◽

First World War ◽

The Political ◽

World War ◽

Francisco Franco ◽

The Social ◽

The First World War ◽

Political Model ◽

First World ◽

Social Level

The regime of general Francisco Franco imposed a nationalist model from two ideological sources: the nationalcatholicism, an antiliberal proposal of the Catholic Church that identified Spain with catholicism; and the anti-liberal and fascist alternatives born in the heat of the European political-social crisis and Spanish of the First World War. The political model was strongly centralist, authoritarian and interventionist around Castile and the Castilian language, rejecting the other nationalist models. At the social level, the corporate proposal stood out by means of the compulsory framing of workers and businessmen in the Spanish Organización Sindical, the unique trade union of Francoism led by the unique party Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las JONS

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The British Army and the First World War

10.1017/9780511794377 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ian Beckett ◽

Timothy Bowman ◽

Mark Connelly

Keyword(s):

First World War ◽

British Army ◽

World War ◽

The First World War ◽

First World

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Historical Significance of the Spanish Neutrality in the First World War

MGIMO Review of International Relations ◽

10.24833/2071-8160-2014-4-37-26-34 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 26-34

Author(s):

I. Y. Mednikov

Keyword(s):

Social Stratification ◽

Social Evolution ◽

Negative Impact ◽

First World War ◽

World War ◽

The Public ◽

Historical Significance ◽

The Social ◽

The First World War ◽

First World

The article deals with an insufficiently studied problem, Spanish neutrality during the First World War. The author analyzes its historical significance in the international context, as well in the context of political, economical and social evolution of Spain. Spain was one of the few major European Powers that maintained its neutrality throughout the First World War. Although all Spanish governments during the conflict declared strict neutrality, it was, in actual fact, benevolent towards the Entente Powers, and by the end of hostilities Spain turned into "neutral ally" of Entente. This benevolence towards the future winners and a wide humanitarian campaign supported and headed by the King Alfonso XIII enabled Spain to improve her position in the postwar system of international relations; Spain became one of the non-permanent members of the League of Nations Council. Nevertheless the Spanish neutrality had a negative impact upon the social, political and economical evolution of Spain. The social stratification was increased, the public opinion was deeply divided and the social conflicts were aggravated, that considerably affected the further evolution of the Spanish society.

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