scholarly journals The journey of omega-3 fatty acids in cardiovascular medicine

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_J) ◽  
pp. J49-J53
Author(s):  
Roberto Ferrari ◽  
S Censi ◽  
P Cimaglia
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cardioprotective Effect ◽  
European Medicines Agency ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Antiarrhythmic Action ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Cardiac Events ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
Adverse Cardiac Events

Abstract In subjects with cardiovascular risk factors or in patients in need of secondary prevention, hypertriglyceridemia is a well-defined risk factor for adverse cardiac events. Drugs containing n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) are approved for treatment of hypertriglyceridemia. In 1999, a cardioprotective effect in post infarct patients was suggested by a large multicentre study, the GISSI prevention trial. The hypothesized mechanism of action was an antiarrhythmic action leading to reduction of the sudden death. However, such a cardioprotective effect of n-3 PUFAs has not been straightforward like for other cardiovascular drugs such as aspirin, statins or ACE inhibitors. On the contrary, it has been a long journey with several ups and downs. Recently, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) has not confirmed the risk benefit of low dose of n-3 PUFA in preventing outcomes after a myocardial infarction. Since the EMA decision, the use of a high dose (4g daily) of pure and stable EPA in a multicentre, international trial, the REDUCE-IT study showed a clear cardiovascular event reduction which was not confirmed in another trial, the STRENGTH study, which utilized 4g daily of an EPA+DHA mixture. It follows that the OMEGA-3 fatty acid story seems to be endless and the last word on cardiovascular benefits cannot be pronounced. We report a brief narrative of an entire journey from the beginning to nowadays.

Omega-3 Levels and Nicotine Dependence: A Cross-Sectional Study and Clinical Trial

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juçara X. Zaparoli ◽  
Eduardo K. Sugawara ◽  
Altay A.L. de Souza ◽  
Sérgio Tufik ◽  
José Carlos F. Galduróz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid

Background: High oxidative stress, which is caused by smoking, can alter omega-3 fatty acid concentrations. Since omega-3 fatty acids play a role in dopaminergic neurotransmission related to dependence, it is important to understand their effects on nicotine dependence. Methods: This research comprised 2 studies. The first one consisted of a cross-sectional evaluation, in which the levels of the most important omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), were compared between smokers and non-smokers in a sample of 171 individuals; of them, 120 were smokers and 51 were non-smokers. The other study was a clinical, double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled, in which 63 smokers received daily treatment with capsules of fish oil (a source of omega-3/3 g/day) or mineral oil (used as placebo, also 3 g/day), taken 3 times a day for 90 days. Each fish oil capsules contained approximately 210.99 mg EPA and 129.84 mg of DHA. The outcome was evaluated by means of psychometric and biological measures as well as self-reports of tobacco use. The evaluations were carried out at the beginning of treatment and once a month thereafter (total of 4 times). Outcomes: The omega-3 fatty acid lipid profile showed that smokers present lower concentrations of DHA. After treatment, the omega-3 group showed a significant reduction in their levels of dependence. Interpretation: Smokers showed lower peripheral levels of omega-3, and treatment with the most important omega-3 fatty acids brought about a reduction in nicotine dependence.

scholarly journals Dose-response effects of omega-3 on platelet aggregation: an observational study

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 5074-5082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Kander ◽  
Erik Lindblom ◽  
Ulf Schött
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Inhibiting Effect

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the dose-response effects of supplemental omega-3 fatty acids on platelet function in healthy volunteers. Methods Twelve healthy volunteers ingested a normal supplemental dose of 1260 mg omega-3 fatty acids daily for 5 days, followed by a high dose of 2520 mg daily for another 5 days. Multiple electrode aggregometry (MEA) with four different agonists was used to measure platelet aggregation before and after the normal- and high-dose regimes. In vitro spiking using physiological doses of omega-3 fatty acids was also performed to determine whether MEA is capable of detecting a platelet-inhibiting effect due to omega-3 fatty acids. Results There were no differences in platelet aggregation measured by the MEA assay in healthy volunteers after intake of either the normal or high dose of omega-3 fatty acids. In the in vitro experiment, a platelet-inhibiting effect of omega-3 fatty acids was shown by an arachidonic acid agonist in MEA . Conclusions Supplemental omega-3 fatty acids do not evoke their positive health effects through inhibition of platelet aggregation measurable with MEA.

scholarly journals Influence of preoperative supplementation of omega-3 fatty acid in the healing of colonic anastomoses in malnourished rats receiving paclitaxel

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvo Orlando Vizzotto Junior ◽  
Antonio Carlos Ligocki Campos ◽  
Eneri Vieira de Souza Leite Mello ◽  
Tiago Jacometo Castilho
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Rupture Strength ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Colonic Anastomoses ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
Paclitaxel Group ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Maturation Index

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of preoperative supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids on the healing of colonic anastomoses in malnourished rats receiving paclitaxel. METHODS: we studied 160 male Wistar rats, divided in two groups: one subjected to malnutrition by pair feeding (M) for four weeks, and another that received food ad libitum (W). In the fourth week, the groups were further divided into two subgroups that received omega-3 or olive oil by gavage. The animals were submitted to colonic transection and end-to-end anastomosis. After the operation, each of the four groups was divided into two subgroups that received intraperitoneal isovolumetric solutions of saline or paclitaxel. RESULTS: mortality was 26.8% higher in the group of animals that received paclitaxel (p = 0.003). The complete rupture strength was greater in well-nourished-oil Paclitaxel group (WOP) compared with the the malnourished-oil Paclitaxel one (MOP). The collagen maturation index was higher in well-nourished-oil saline group (WOS) in relation to the malnutrition-oil-saline group (MOS), lower in malnourished-oil-saline group (MOS) in relation to malnourished-ômega3-saline one (M3S) and lower in the well-nourished-omega3-saline group (W3S) compared with the malnourished-omega3-saline (M3S). The blood vessel count was higher in the malnourished-oil-saline group (MOS) than in the malnourished-oil-paclitaxel group (MOP) and lower in the malnourished-oil-saline group (MOS) in relation to the malnourished-omega3-paclitaxel group (M3P). CONCLUSION: supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids was associated with a significant increase in the production of mature collagen in malnourished animals, with a reversal of the harmful effects caused by malnutrition associated with the use of paclitaxel on the rupture strength, and with a stimulus to neoangiogenesis in the group receiving paclitaxel.

scholarly journals The combined supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids and probiotics decreased the levels of serum polyamines in experimental colitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-285
Author(s):  
Havvanur Yoldaş İlktaç ◽  
Nihal Büyükuslu ◽  
Cüneyd Parlayan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Experimental Colitis ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Lower Serum ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
Combined Supplementation

Polyamines play an important role in the maintenance of intestinal permeability. Therefore we aimed to determine the effects of probiotics and omega 3 fatty acids on serum polyamine levels in colitis. Fifty BALB/c mice were randomly grouped as normal, colitis with no treatment applied, colitis treated by probiotics (VSL#3), colitis treated by omega-3, and colitis treated by both probiotics and omega-3. Experimental colitis was induced by injection of 200 mg/kg 2,4-Dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (DNBS). The probiotic and the omega-3 fatty acid supplements were applied daily by oral gavage. Serum polyamine levels were measured with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In each group, the levels of serum polyamines are the highest in spermidine and the least in spermine. Bowel inflammation in experimentally induced colitis mice resulted in lower serum polyamine concentrations. In probiotic and omega 3 fatty acid supplemented group significant decreases were observed for spermine and spermidine (p<0.001), while no significant changes were obtained for putrescine. Combined supplementation of probiotics and omega-3 fatty acids for 10 days in colitis mice significantly decreased the serum levels of spermine and spermidine.

Abstract 168: Impact of Continuing Medical Education on the Treatment of Hypertriglyceridemia with Omega-3 Fatty Acids

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Larkin ◽  
Michael LaCouture ◽  
George Boutsalis ◽  
Harold Bays
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Medical Education ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Online Education ◽  
Continuing Medical Education ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid

Introduction: The less prominent role of triglycerides in determining cardiovascular risk keeps these lipids from being top-of-mind for practicing clinicians, yet epidemiologic data affirm that hypertriglyceridemia contributes to atherosclerotic disease development and progression. We sought to determine if online continuing medical education (CME) could improve the clinical knowledge and competence of primary care physicians (PCPs) and cardiologists regarding hypertriglyceridemia and the use of omega-3 fatty acids in its treatment. Methods: The effects of two educational interventions about advances in hypertriglyceridemia treatment (activity 1) and educating patients about omega-3 fatty acid products (activity 2) were analyzed to determine efficacy of online education presented in the form of online video-based roundtable discussions. The activities launched online in May and June, 2015 respectively, and data were collected through July, 2015. The effects of education were assessed using knowledge- and case-based matched pre-assessment/post-assessments. The effect sizes were calculated with Cohen’s d (> 0.8 is large, 0.8-0.4 is medium, and < 0.4 is small). Results: In total, 842 PCPs and 75 cardiologists who completed all pre/post assessment questions in any of the two activities during the study period were included in analyses. Significant overall improvements were seen for PCPs (activity 1: n = 452, P <.05, effect d= 0.68; activity 2: n = 390, P <.05, effect d= 0.96) and cardiologists (activity 1: n = 35, P <.05, effect d= 0.77; activity 2: n = 40, P <.05, effect d= 0.9). Compared with baseline, specific areas of improvements include: • 22% more PCPs and 31% more cardiologists identified weight loss as a nonpharmacological intervention that can effectively lower triglyceride levels for overweight/obese patients with hypertriglyceridemia, (both P < .05) • 35% more PCPs and 32% more cardiologists identified the appropriate dosing of prescription omega-3 fatty acids (both P <.05) • 23% more PCPs ( P < .05) and 20% more cardiologists ( P =.068 ) recognized that reducing the risk for pancreatitis is a primary medical objective in patients with severe elevations in triglyceride levels Areas identified as needing additional education include: • 57% of all physicians remain unaware that omega-3 fatty acids reduce apolipoprotein C3 • 61% of PCPs and 60% of cardiologists did not demonstrate a thorough understanding of the differences between prescription omega-3 fatty acids and omega-3 supplements Conclusion: This study demonstrates the success of a targeted educational intervention with two educational components on improving knowledge, competence, and clinical decision-making of PCPs and cardiologists regarding hypertriglyceridemia treatment and the role of omega-3 fatty acid products in its treatment.

scholarly journals The resolution of inflammation through omega-3 fatty acids in atherosclerosis, intimal hyperplasia, and vascular calcification

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 757-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Carracedo ◽  
Gonzalo Artiach ◽  
Hildur Arnardottir ◽  
Magnus Bäck
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Cardiovascular Prevention ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Lipid Mediator ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Resolution Of Inflammation ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Response ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid

Abstract Omega-3 fatty acids serve as the substrate for the formation of a group of lipid mediators that mediate the resolution of inflammation. The cardiovascular inflammatory response in atherosclerosis and vascular injury is characterized by a failure in the resolution of inflammation, resulting in a chronic inflammatory response. The proresolving lipid mediator resolvin E1 (RvE1) is formed by enzymatic conversion of the omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and signals resolution of inflammation through its receptor ChemR23. Importantly, the resolution of cardiovascular inflammation is an active, multifactorial process that involves modulation of the immune response, direct actions on the vascular wall, as well as close interactions between macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells. Promoting anti-atherogenic signalling through the stimulation of endogenous resolution of inflammation pathways may provide a novel therapeutic strategy in cardiovascular prevention.

scholarly journals CARDIOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF MELATONIN AND OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS ON THE MYOCARDIAL ELECTRICAL SIGNALING IN THE AGED OBESE FEMALE RATS

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. e291
Author(s):  
B. Szeiffova Bacova ◽  
T. Egan Benova ◽  
C. Viczenczova ◽  
V. Knezl ◽  
V. Dosenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cardioprotective Effect ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Obese Female ◽  
Electrical Signaling
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