scholarly journals Identifying emotional facial expressions in practice: a study on Indian medical students

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Bandyopadhyay ◽  
S Sarkar ◽  
A Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Medical Training ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Indian Medical ◽  
Diagnosis Of Diseases

Abstract Background Successful identification of emotional expression in patients is of considerable importance in the diagnosis of diseases and while developing rapport between physicians and patients. Despite the importance of such skills, this aspect remains grossly overlooked in conventional medical training in India. This study aims to explore the extent to which medical students can identify emotions by observing photographs of male and female subjects expressing different facial expressions. Methods A total of 106 medical students aged 18-25 without any diagnosed mental illnesses were shown images of the six universal facial expressions (anger, sadness, fear, happiness, disgust and surprise) at 100% intensity with an exposure time of 2 seconds for each image. The participants marked their responses after each image was shown. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS. Results Participants could identify 76.54% of the emotions on average, with higher accuracy for positive emotions (95.6% for happiness) and lower for negative emotions (46% for fear). There were no significant variations in identification with respect to gender of observers. On the other hand, statistically significant differences were observed in identification when gender of the expressors were considered. Conclusions Male participants identified emotions better from male faces, while females identified positive emotions better from female faces and negative ones from male faces. Key messages Misidentification of emotions, especially negative emotions, from static facial expressions was common in physician students of both sexes. This is an aspect that needs to be addressed during the training of medical students in India.

scholarly journals Identifying emotional Facial Expressions in Practice: A Study on Medical Students

2020 ◽  
pp. 025371762093678
Author(s):  
Alapan Bandyopadhyay ◽  
Sarbari Sarkar ◽  
Abhijit Mukherjee ◽  
Sharmistha Bhattacherjee ◽  
Soumya Basu
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Medical Training ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
The Social

Background: Successful identification of emotional expression in patients is of considerable importance in the diagnosis of diseases and while developing rapport between physicians and patients. Despite the importance of such skills, this aspect remains grossly overlooked in conventional medical training in India. This study aims to explore the extent to which medical students can identify emotions by observing photographs of male and female subjects expressing different facial expressions. Methods: A total of 106 medical students aged 18–25, without any diagnosed mental illnesses, were shown images of the six universal facial expressions (anger, sadness, fear, happiness, disgust, and surprise) at 100% intensity with an exposure time of 2 seconds for each image. The participants marked their responses after each image was shown. Collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Results: Participants could identify 76.54% of the emotions on average, with higher accuracy for positive emotions (95.6% for happiness) and lower for negative emotions (46% for fear). There were no significant variations in identification with respect to sex of the observers. However, it was seen that participants could identify emotions better from male faces than those from female faces, a finding that was statistically significant. Negative emotions were identified more accurately from male faces, while positive emotions were identified better from female ones. Conclusions: Male participants identified emotions better from male faces, while females identified positive emotions better from female faces and negative ones from male faces.

The similiarity of facial expressions in response to emotion-inducing films in reared-apart twins

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1475-1483 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Kendler ◽  
L. J. Halberstadt ◽  
F. Butera ◽  
J. Myers ◽  
T. Bouchard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Minimal Contact

BackgroundWhile the role of genetic factors in self-report measures of emotion has been frequently studied, we know little about the degree to which genetic factors influence emotional facial expressions.MethodTwenty-eight pairs of monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins from the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart were shown three emotion-inducing films and their facial responses recorded. These recordings were blindly scored by trained raters. Ranked correlations between twins were calculated controlling for age and sex.ResultsTwin pairs were significantly correlated for facial expressions of general positive emotions, happiness, surprise and anger, but not for general negative emotions, sadness, or disgust or average emotional intensity. MZ pairs (n=18) were more correlated than DZ pairs (n=10) for most but not all emotional expressions.ConclusionsSince these twin pairs had minimal contact with each other prior to testing, these results support significant genetic effects on the facial display of at least some human emotions in response to standardized stimuli. The small sample size resulted in estimated twin correlations with very wide confidence intervals.

scholarly journals Simulating Dynamic Facial Expressions of Pain From Visuo-Haptic Interactions With a Robotic Patient

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongxuan Tan ◽  
Sibylle Rérolle ◽  
Thilina Dulantha Lalitharatne ◽  
Nejra Van Zalk ◽  
Rachael E. Jack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Medical Training ◽  
White Male ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Simulated Patients ◽  
White Female ◽  
Haptic Interactions

Abstract Medical training simulators can provide a safe and controlled environment for medical students to practice their physical examination skills. Visual feedback of involuntary pain expressions in response to physical palpation on an affected area of a patient is an important source of information for physicians. However, most existing robotic medical training simulators that can capture physical examination behaviours in real-time cannot display facial expressions or comprise a limited range of patient identities in terms of ethnicity and gender. Together, these limitations restrict the utility of medical training simulators because they do not provide medical students with a representative diversity both of pain facial expressions and face identities, which could result in biased practice. Further, these limitations restrict the utility of such medical simulators to be used to detect and correct early signs of bias in medical training. Here, for the first time, we present a robotic system that can simulate facial expressions of pain in response to palpations, displayed on a range of patient face identities. We use the unique approach of modelling dynamic pain facial expressions using the data-driven psychophysical method of reverse correlation and incorporating the visuo-haptic interactions of users performing palpation to a robot medical simulator. Specifically, participants performed palpation actions on the abdomen phantom of simulated patients, which triggered the real-time display of 6 pain-related facial Action Units (AUs) on a robotic face (MorphFace), each controlled by two pseudo randomly generated transient parameters: rate of change β and activation delay τ. Participants then rated the appropriateness of the facial expression displayed in response to their palpations on a 4-point scale. Each participant (n = 16, 4 Asian female, 4 Asian male, 4 White female and 4 White male) performed 200 palpation trials on 4 patient identities (Black female, Black male, White female and White male) simulated using MorphFace. Results showed that a gradual decrease of β and increase of τ from upper face AUs (around the eyes) to those in the lower face (around the mouth) is rated to be appropriate by all participants. We found that transient parameter values that generated the appropriate pain facial expressions as rated by participants, palpation forces, and delays between palpation actions varied across gender and ethnicity of participant-simulated patient pairs. These findings suggest that gender and ethnicity biases affect the participants’ palpation strategies and their perception of the pain facial expressions displayed on MorphFace. We anticipate our approach could be utilised to generate physical examination models with diverse patient demographic groups to reduce erroneous judgments in medical students, and provide focused training to address these errors.

3. Ottawa through the Eyes of Refugee Children

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalynn Berti
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Refugee Children ◽  
Refugee Resettlement ◽  
Research Project ◽  
The Veil ◽  
The Individual

The objective of this research was to expand our understanding of the lived experiences of refugee children arriving in Canada. For this study, I collected drawings from thirteen recently arrived refugee children living in a transitional house in downtown Ottawa, Ontario. The children were prompted to draw a picture of their experience of arriving in Canada. Nine of the thirteen drawings portrayed a narrative of journey through the drawing of flags and various forms of transportation. Five of the children included a drawing of themselves, their facial expressions conveying how they felt about arriving in Canada. Six of the drawings portrayed positive emotions, the children expressing thankfulness or eagerness to be in Canada. Four of the drawings did not present a clearly distinguishable tone, suggesting neutrality or avoidance of the task. Three of the drawings portrayed negative emotions, including fear and grief. These drawings demonstrate that the experience of arriving in Canada is complex, not easily simplified to broad generalizations. The participants told unique stories and expressed an array of emotions ranging from excitement to grief, justifying an approach focused on the individual lived experiences. This research project provided space for thirteen children to tell their stories, stepping out from behind the veil of statistics-directed, adult-directed, or outsider-directed narratives and personalizing the refugee resettlement process.

scholarly journals When Dogs Shrink the Typical Lengthening Effect Caused by Negative Emotions

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-106
Author(s):  
Quentin Hallez ◽  
Nicolas Baltenneck ◽  
Anna-Rita Galiano
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Time Perception ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Bisection Task ◽  
Temporal Bisection ◽  
Dog Owners ◽  
Temporal Bisection Task ◽  
Emotional Effects

Abstract. This paper examines how dogs can modulate the effects of emotion on time perception. To this end, participants performed a temporal bisection task with stimulus durations presented in the form of neutral or emotional facial expressions (angry, sad, and happy faces). In the first experiment, dog owners were compared with nondog owners, while in the second experiment, students were randomly assigned to one of the three waiting groups (waiting alone, with another person, or with a dog) before being confronted with the temporal bisection task. The results showed that dogs allowed the participants to regulate the intensity of negative emotional effects, while no statistical differences emerged for the happy facial expressions. In certain circumstances, dogs could even lead the subjects to generate underestimation of time when faced with negative facial expressions.

scholarly journals ‘A roller coaster of emotions’: a phenomenological study on medical students lived experiences of emotions in complex simulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia C. Behrens ◽  
Erik W. Driessen ◽  
Diana H. Dolmans ◽  
Gerard J. Gormley
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Emotional Climate ◽  
Video Footage ◽  
Complex Simulation ◽  
Template Analysis ◽  
The Moment

Abstract Background Simulation-based education can induce intense learner emotions. The interplay between emotions and learning is less well understood. Gaining greater insights into learner emotions has potential to guide how best we manage emotions and optimise learning. This study aimed to understand learners’ lived emotional experiences in complex simulation and the perceived impact on learning. Methods Eight final-year medical students participated in the study. Wearing video-glasses, participants took part in a ward-based simulation. Video-footage was used to elicitate exploratory interviews and analysed using Template Analysis reflexively. Results Analysis yielded four main themes: ‘nervous anticipation’: encapsulating the fear, anxiety and uncertainty experienced by learners prior to simulation; ‘shock and awe’: feelings of anxiousness and being overwhelmed at the start of a simulation; ‘in the moment: flowing or buffeting with the emotions’: experiencing fear of being judged as incompetent, but also experiencing positive emotions such as satisfaction; ‘safe-landing?’: whilst debriefing aimed to encourage more positive emotions, negative emotions about the simulation could persist even with debriefing. Conclusions Complex simulation can evoke intense emotions in students. If students experienced a positive progression, they reported positive emotions and felt competent which was perceived to have a positive impact on learning. If students experienced failure, they reported strong negative emotions which made them question about their future performance and was perceived as negative for learning. Bringing to the surface these complex emotional dynamics, could permit educators to be aware of and adapt the emotional climate within simulation in order to optimise learning.

scholarly journals Psychological Burden and Experiences Following Exposure to COVID-19: A Qualitative and Quantitative Study of Chinese Medical Student Volunteers

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4089
Author(s):  
Kaiting Zhang ◽  
Yixiang Peng ◽  
Xiaowei Zhang ◽  
Liping Li
Keyword(s):  
Medical Student ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Psychological Burden ◽  
Medical Assistants ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
The Face ◽  
Student Volunteers

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, some medical students devoted themselves to volunteer activities, but it was the first time that they had been exposed to such an infectious disease and they might have experienced fear in the face of the epidemic. We aimed to conduct a timely assessment of the psychological burden and experience on medical student volunteers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We used the 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scales to survey the psychology burden of students in April 2020. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine medical students who signed up for volunteer activities in Chinese from February to April 2020. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used to analyze the data. Results: The detection of depression, anxiety and stress of medical student volunteers were 26.8%, 20.2% and 11.1%, respectively. The volunteer’s negative emotions were more pronounced before work and diminished gradually. Most participants expressed no concern about being infected themselves, but worry about family infection. Participant’s motivations for volunteering were primarily their duties as medical students and encouragement from their families/teachers. The vast majority of medical students said they would be willing to work as medical assistants again and this experience would not affect their career choice. Conclusions: Chinese medical student volunteers tended to show negative emotions at the beginning of their work, and then gradually declined, while positive emotions emerged. Most medical students were willing to volunteer as medical assistants when their country needed them due to their sense of responsibility as medical students. This study on the psychological and experiential aspects were derived from Chinese medical student volunteers and might have a significant impact on future public health emergencies in similar settings.

scholarly journals The Impact of A Gross Anatomy Course on Medical Students’ Emotional Reactions in Taiwan: The Role of High-Level Emotions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruei-Jen Chiou ◽  
Po-Fang Tsai ◽  
Der-Yan Han
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Gross Anatomy ◽  
Emotional Reaction ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Gross Anatomy Course ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background A gross anatomy is an important course for medical students; however, seeing a cadaver often makes them feel uncomfortable. According to the broaden-and-build theory, the present study tried to reduce students’ negative emotions by sequential activities, such as interviews and ceremony, which induced gratitude and other positive emotions. Methods One hundred and five medical students in their third year filled Emotional Reactions Towards Cadavers Scale for three times in one semester, and paired-sample t-tests and hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to examine the changes of emotional reaction. Results Three-wave data showed that participants’ high-level emotions increased, negative emotions decreased, and the former simultaneously predicted the latter. Conclusions Combining dissection course with medical humanities helped students to successfully handle negative emotions during gross anatomy course.

scholarly journals Effects of interactions between facial expressions and self-focused attention on emotion

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261666
Author(s):  
Ryota Kobai ◽  
Hiroki Murakami
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
Self Focusing

Self-focus is a type of cognitive processing that maintains negative emotions. Moreover, bodily feedback is also essential for maintaining emotions. This study investigated the effect of interactions between self-focused attention and facial expressions on emotions. The results indicated that control facial expression manipulation after self-focus reduced happiness scores. On the contrary, the smiling facial expression manipulation after self-focus increased happiness scores marginally. However, facial expressions did not affect positive emotions after the other-focus manipulation. These findings suggest that self-focus plays a pivotal role in facial expressions’ effect on positive emotions. However, self-focusing is insufficient for decreasing positive emotions, and the interaction between self-focus and facial expressions is crucial for developing positive emotions.

scholarly journals Preschoolers’ sensitivity to emotional facial expressions and their repetition: An ERP study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Naumann ◽  
Mareike Bayer ◽  
Isabel Dziobek
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Emotion Processing ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Relative Timing ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Emotional Faces ◽  
Empathic Behavior

This study aimed to expand the understanding of the neural-temporal trajectories ofemotion processing in preschoolers using electrophysiological measures. In particular, welooked at neural responses to the repetition of emotional faces. EEG was recorded whilechildren observed sequentially presented pairs of faces. In some trials, the pair of faces wasidentical, while in others they differed with regards to the emotional expression displayed(happy, fearful or neutral). We detected greater P1 and P3 amplitudes to angry compared toneutral facial expressions, but similar amplitudes for happy compared to neutral faces. Wedid not observe modulations of the N170 by emotional facial expressions. When investigatingpreschoolers’ sensitivity to the repetition of emotional facial expressions, we found no ERPamplitudes differences for repeated vs. new emotional facial expressions. Overall, the resultssupport the idea that basic mechanisms of emotion processing are developed in preschoolperiod. The trajectory of ERP components was similar to what has been reported foryounger and older age groups, suggesting consistency of order and relative timing of differentstages of emotion processing. Additionally, findings suggest that enhanced early neuralactivation for angry vs. neutral faces is related to increased empathic behavior. More work isneeded to determine whether the repetition of an emotion leads to more effective processingduring development.

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