Hepatitis B virus infection, knowledge and vaccine uptake among hairdressers in Ikorodu, Lagos State

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
B A Aina ◽  
O A Olutoye
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Occupational Risk ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Beauty Salon ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Transmission Prevention ◽  
Hbsag Screening ◽  
Hbv Transmission

Abstract Background Hepatitis B is a major public health concern. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) continues to thrive in developing countries including Nigeria. Occupationally exposed persons like people working in women's beauty salon are at high risk of HBV infection and may play a critical role in the disease transmission via contaminated needles and sharps. The aim of this study therefore was to estimate HBV infection, knowledge level, occupational risk perception and vaccine uptake among people working in women's beauty salons. Also to get them screened and encourage those that are negative to get vaccinated to curb the spread of this infection. Methods This was a cross-sectional study carried out on 199 people working in women's beauty salons in Ikorodu Local government area of Lagos State. HBsAg screening using a rapid diagnostic test kit was carried out for all respondents to determine their infection status. Questionnaire which assessed their knowledge level and occupational risk perception were completed by trained interviewers and data was analysed using SPSS software. Results The result of this study showed that only 2.01% respondents tested positive for the HBsAg screening. Majority of the respondents (69.3%) have poor knowledge about HBV transmission, prevention and vaccine. While most (78.9%) of the respondents don't know their occupational risk of exposure to HBV, 9.0% rated themselves at high risk of occupational exposure. Significant association was observed between level of knowledge and risk perception (P < 0.001). The level of vaccine uptake was very poor as only 1 out of 199 respondents has taken 3 doses of HBV vaccine, 60.9%(120) have not been vaccinated. Conclusions The respondents exhibited poor level of knowledge about HBV transmission, prevention, vaccination and went about their occupation without adequate protection form HBV. Key messages Screening of people working in women beauty salon is highly imperative to identify those with infection so that they can be treated on time while those that are negative should be vaccinated. Due to the potential roles of people working in women’s beauty salon in HBV transmission, education programs and vaccine coverage policy should be adopted for people in this occupation.

scholarly journals Occult Hepatitis B virus infection among HIV negative and positive isolated anti-HBc individuals in eastern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Desalegn Admassu Ayana ◽  
A. Mulu ◽  
A. Mihret ◽  
B. Seyoum ◽  
A. Aseffa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Occult Hepatitis ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Occult Hepatitis B ◽  
Hbv Transmission ◽  
Hiv Negative

AbstractThe absence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and the presence of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) in the blood of apparently healthy individuals may not indicate the absence of circulating hepatitis B virus (HBV) and might be infectious. Despite the risk of HBV transmission, there has been no report from Ethiopia examining this issue; therefore, this study determined occult HBV infection (OBI) among isolated anti-HBc (IAHBc) HIV negative and HIV positive individuals on ART in eastern Ethiopia. A total of 306 IAHBc individuals were included in this study. DNA was extracted, amplified, and detected from plasma using a commercially available RealTime PCR platform (Abbott m2000rt) following the manufacturer’s instructions. Data were entered into EPI Data version 3.1, cleaned, and analyzed using Stata version 13. Descriptive analysis was used to calculate prevalence, summarize sociodemographic data and other factors. From the 306 IAHBc individuals (184 HIV positive and 122 HIV negative) included in the study, 183 (59.8%) were female of which 142 (77.6%) were within the reproductive age group. DNA extraction, amplified and detection was conducted in 224 individuals. The overall OBI prevalence was 5.8% (5.6% in HIV negative and 6% in HIV positive) among the IAHBc individuals. The HBV DNA concentration among the occult hepatitis B individuals was < 200 IU/mL, indicating a true occult. This study reported the burden of OBI, which pauses a significant public health problem due to the high burden of HBV infection in the country. OBI may cause substantial risk of HBV transmission from blood transfusion, organ transplantation as well as vertical transmission as screening is solely dependent on HBsAg testing.

The risk of hepatitis B virus infection by transfusion in Kumasi, Ghana

Blood ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 2419-2425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Allain ◽  
Daniel Candotti ◽  
Kate Soldan ◽  
Francis Sarkodie ◽  
Bruce Phelps ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Hbv Transmission

The risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission by transfusion in sub-Saharan Africa is considered to be relatively low, and testing of blood donors is often not done or is done relatively poorly. To re-examine this attitude, we identified HBV chronically infected blood donors from a major hospital in Ghana with a range of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) assays. Test efficacy was estimated using HBV DNA as a gold standard, and the risk of HBV infection in blood recipients was estimated for different testing strategies. Particle agglutination, dipstick, and enzyme immunoassay (EIA) HBsAg screening detected 54%, 71%, and 97% of HBV infectious donors, respectively. The risk of HBV transmission to recipients less than 10 years old ranged between 1:11 and 1:326 with blood unscreened and screened by EIA, respectively. For older recipients, the risk decreased a further 4-fold because of the high frequency of natural exposure to HBV. A total of 98% of HBsAg-confirmed positive samples contained HBV DNA. HBV DNA load was less than 1 × 104 IU/mL in 75% of HBsAg-reactive samples, most of them anti-HBe reactive. Approximately 0.5% of HBsAg-negative but anti-HBc-positive samples contained HBV DNA. The use of sensitive HBsAg tests is critical to prevent transfusion transmission of HBV infection to young children in a population with a 15% prevalence of chronic HBV infection in blood donors. However, this will not have much effect on the prevalence of this infection unless other strategies to protect children from infection are also advanced in parallel.

Hepatitis B virus infection in children of HBV-related chronic liver disease patients: a study of intra-familial HBV transmission

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hartono Gunardi ◽  
Melanie Y. Iskandar ◽  
Turyadi ◽  
Susan I. Ie ◽  
Pramita G. Dwipoerwantoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus Infection ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hbv Transmission

scholarly journals Occupational Risk of Hepatitis B Virus Exposure: Overview and Recommendations

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Nader Nemr ◽  
Rania Kishk ◽  
Mohamed Mandour ◽  
Mostafa Ragheb
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Occupational Risk ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Virus Exposure

scholarly journals Assessment of Knowledge and vaccination status towards Hepatitis B Virus among health care workers in private clinics of Addis ketema sub-city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanuel Kelem Bekele ◽  
Hikma Abdulwahab ◽  
Ekram Mohammedawol ◽  
Ruth Yohannes
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background: Hepatitis B Virus is a DNA virus of the hepadnaviridae family of viruses. It replicates within infected liver cells (hepatocytes) and may cause acute and chronic hepatitis.The hepatitis B vaccine is the mainstay of hepatitis B prevention. Since 1982, safe and effective hepatitis B virus vaccines have been commercially available. the aim of this study was to assess knowledge towards Hepatitis B Virus among health care workers in relation to their vaccination status in private clinics of Addis ketema sub-city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods(design): A cross-sectional studywas conducted and multi-stage sampling technique was used and in total 231 healthcareworkers were enrolled in the study, which was conducted in private clinics of Addisketema sub-city. self-administered questionnaires were distributed to the health care workers. The collected data was entered intoEpi-data and analyzed using SPSS 25. Results: Two hundred thirty one healthcare workers completed and returned the questionnaires giving an overall response rate of 97%.Only 66 (28.6%) respondents reported that they received one or more doses of Hepatitis B vaccine. From these, 43 (65.2%) received three doses which was only 18.6% of the total Workers.participants with poor and moderate knowledge had equal proportion 92(39.8%) ,while only 47 (20.3%) were found to have high-level of knowledge .Having high-level of knowledge was not a statistically significant predictor of vaccination uptake. Conclusions: Hepatitis B Virus vaccination coverage and knowledge were poor among health care workers. Therefore: educational intervention and provision of vaccinationis recommended for these vulnerable workers of Addis-ketema sub city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B Vaccine Uptake among Voluntary Blood Donors in Jos: Implication on Blood Safety

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
A Zakari ◽  
ED Jatau ◽  
VT Ma'an ◽  
ME Rumji ◽  
OD Damulak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Blood Safety ◽  
Hbv Vaccine ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
B Virus

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a transfusion-transmissible pathogen that poses a significant threat to blood safety. The virus' burden is high in the general population and among blood donors in Sub-Saharan Africa, leading to more donor rejection; blood discards, and increased risk of contamination of the blood supply. Hepatitis B Virus is vaccine-preventable; increased burden of infection may suggest a gap in vaccination. The study aimed to assess the level of hepatitis B virus vaccine uptake and identify factors affecting uptake of the vaccine among voluntary non remunerated blood donors (VNRBD) in Jos, Nigeria. A survey was conducted at the National Blood Transfusion Service (NBTS), Jos, among consenting VNRBD aged between 18 and 65 years from October to December 2020 using a structured questionnaire to collect information on vaccination status, socio-demographics and others. Of the 120 VNRBD interviewed, 36.7% received one or more doses of the HBV vaccine, while the majority (63.3%) were unvaccinated. Among the unvaccinated donors, 57.9% were unaware that HBV has a vaccine, 21.1% did not know where to get the vaccine, 7.9% had no time to get vaccinated; 3.9 % believed that there was no need to get vaccinated because they tested negative for the virus, while 9.2% gave no reason. Our study found a low uptake of HBV vaccine among VNRBD in our environment. We advocate for increased awareness and strong legislation to ensure universal access to the vaccine by Nigerians.

scholarly journals Epidemiological patterns and risk factors associated with hepatitis B virus in Pakistani population

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasir Waheed ◽  
Talha Bin-Rahat ◽  
Sher Zaman Safi ◽  
Ishtiaq Qadri
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Transmission ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Surgical Instruments ◽  
Pakistani Population ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hbv Transmission

Abstract Hepatitis B virus prevalence is increasing in Pakistani population. National level estimates regarding the prevalence are missing. People are unaware of the risk factors involved in HBV transmission. The objective of the study was to review the prevalence, genotypes, and risk factors associated with HBV transmission in Pakistani Population. Literature search was done by using keyword HBV prevalence, genotypes and risk factors from Pakistani population at Pubmed, PakMediNet and Google scholar. Six different studies showed that the percentage prevalence of HBV in general population was 4.61±0.73%, and 21 different studies showed the percentage prevalence of 2.33±0.46% in blood donors. High prevalence of 7.94±1.49% and 12.86±4.52% were observed in multi transfused and IDU populations. Six different studies showed that the major prevalent genotype was D. Awareness regarding various risk factors involved in-viral transmission was very low. Prevalence of HBV was very high in multitransfused populations due to non-implementations of international standards regarding blood transfusions. Barbers were unaware of the risk factors associated with their shops in viral transmission. Practices of unsterilized dental and surgical instruments and recycling of syringes were major factors in viral transmission. Massive awareness and vaccination programs are required to decrease the future burden of HBV from Pakistani population.

scholarly journals Improved Detection of Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen by a New Rapid Automated Assay

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 2639-2647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Weber ◽  
Anja Bayer ◽  
Peter Kirch ◽  
Volker Schlüter ◽  
Dietmar Schlieper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Core Antigen ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Acute Hepatitis B ◽  
Screening Assays ◽  
Hbsag Screening

The performance of hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) screening assays is continuously improved in order to reduce the residual risk of transfusion-associated hepatitis B. In a multicenter study, a new automated rapid screening assay, Elecsys HBsAg (Roche Diagnostics), was compared to well-established tests (Auszyme Monoclonal [overnight incubation] version B and IMx HBsAg [Abbott]). Included in the evaluation were 23 seroconversion panels; sera from the acute and chronic phases of infection; dilution series of various HBsAg standards, HBV subtypes, and S gene mutants; and isolated anti-HBV core antigen-positive samples. To challenge the specificity of the new assay, sera from HBsAg-negative blood donors, pregnant women, and dialysis and hospitalized patients and potentially cross-reactive samples were investigated. Elecsys HBsAg showed a higher sensitivity for HBsAg subtypes ad, ay, adw2, adw4, ayw1, ayw2, ayw4, and adr detection in dilution series of different standards or sera than Auszyme Monoclonal version B and/or IMx HBsAg. Acute hepatitis B was detected in 11 to 16 of 23 seroconversion panels between 2 and 16 days earlier with Elecsys HBsAg than with the alternative assays. Elecsys HBsAg and Auszyme Monoclonal version B detected HBsAg surface mutants with equal sensitivity. The sensitivity and specificity of Elecsys HBsAg were 100%. Auszyme Monoclonal version B had a 99.9% specificity, and its sensitivity was 96.6%. IMx HBsAg showed a poorer sensitivity and specificity than the other assays. In conclusion, Elecsys HBsAg permits earlier detection of acute hepatitis B and different HBV subtypes than the alternative assays. By using highly sensitive HBsAg screening assays, low-level HBsAg carriers among isolated anti-HBV core antigen-positive individuals can be detected.

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