scholarly journals Smokers’ perception of cigarette packaging in France before and after the plain packaging

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Pasquereau ◽  
R Andler ◽  
R Guignard ◽  
J B Richard ◽  
V Nguyen-Thanh
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Telephone Survey ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Health Warnings ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Plain Packaging ◽  
Cigarette Pack ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Look ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The new mandatory packaging for tobacco products (plain pack with larger graphic health warnings) was implemented in France on January 1st 2017. This study examines the impact of this new packaging on smokers' perceptions of their pack by comparing perceptions before (2016) and after (2017) the implementation. Methods Data come from the Santé publique France Health Barometer, a national telephone survey with random sampling. In the 2016 and 2017 editions, respectively 15,216 and 25,319 adults were asked about their tobacco consumption. Two questions were asked to smokers, identical in 2016 and 2017, on the appreciation of the appearance of the package and on the embarrassment to take out the package because of its appearance. Results - The share of smokers stating they do enjoy the look of their pack was divided by 3 between 2016 (53%) and 2017 (16%). Smokers stating that they are embarrassed of taking out their pack in plain sight because of its look were twice as numerous in 2017 (12%) as in 2016 (6%).A reduce appeal of cigarette pack was observed among the youths (18-25 yo) and they are now as few as their elders to enjoy the look of their pack. Conclusions The introduction of plain packaging has certainly had an impact on smokers' perceptions and, within a strong tobacco control context, probably contributed to denormalize smoking in France. Key messages Since the introduction of plain packaging, appeal of cigarette pack decreased and smokers are more often embarrassed of taking out their pack in plain sight because of its look. Our study suggests that the introduction of plain packaging has had an impact on smokers’ perceptions of their cigarette pack.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of tobacco warning labels before and after implementation of the European Tobacco Products Directive—findings from the longitudinal EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe surveys

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii84-iii90
Author(s):  
Sarah Kahnert ◽  
Pete Driezen ◽  
James Balmford ◽  
Christina N Kyriakos ◽  
Sarah Aleyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Product ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Warning Label ◽  
Warning Labels ◽  
Health Warnings ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Product Packaging ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Tobacco product packaging is a key part of marketing efforts to make tobacco use appealing. In contrast, large, prominent health warnings are intended to inform individuals about the risks of smoking. In the European Union, since May 2016, the Tobacco Products Directive 2014/40/EU (TPD2) requires tobacco product packages to carry combined health warnings consisting of a picture, a text warning and information on stop smoking services, covering 65% of the front and back of the packages. Methods Key measures of warning label effectiveness (salience, cognitive reactions and behavioural reaction) before and after implementation of the TPD2, determinants of warning labels’ effectiveness and country differences were examined in a longitudinal sample of 6011 adult smokers from Germany, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Spain (EUREST-PLUS Project) using longitudinal Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) models. Results In the pooled sample, the warning labels’ effectiveness increased significantly over time in terms of salience (adjusted OR = 1.18; 95% CI: 1.03–1.35), while cognitive and behavioural reactions did not show clear increases. Generally, among women, more highly educated smokers and less addicted smokers, the effectiveness of warning labels tended to be higher. Conclusion We found an increase in salience, but no clear increases for cognitive and behavioural reactions to the new warning labels as required by the TPD2. While it is likely that our study underestimated the impact of the new pictorial warning labels, it provides evidence that health messages on tobacco packaging are more salient when supported by large pictures.

scholarly journals Evaluating the impact of plain packaging among Canadian smokers: findings from the 2018 and 2020 ITC Smoking and Vaping Surveys

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2021-056635
Author(s):  
Shannon Gravely ◽  
Janet Chung-Hall ◽  
Lorraine V Craig ◽  
Geoffrey T Fong ◽  
K Michael Cummings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Warning ◽  
Plain Packaging ◽  
Post Evaluation ◽  
Cigarette Pack ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Look ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundIn February 2020, Canada implemented plain packaging without any changes to the size and content of health warning labels (HWLs), which were last updated in 2012 (pictorial HWLs on 75% of the pack front and back). This pre-post evaluation study assessed the impact of plain packaging in Canada on: (1) pack appeal; (2) HWL effectiveness; and (3) support for plain packaging. Additionally, a quasi–experimental design was used to assess the Canadian results relative to two comparator countries: Australia, where plain packaging (with new larger HWLs) was implemented in 2012, and the United States (USA), where plain packaging has not been implemented and the same text warnings have appeared on cigarette packs since 1985.MethodsData are from adult smokers who participated in the 2018 and/or 2020 International Tobacco Control Smoking and Vaping Surveys in Canada (n=4600), Australia (n=1834) and the USA (n=3046). Online surveys were conducted before (February to July 2018) and after (February to June 2020) the implementation of plain packaging in Canada. Adjusted regression analyses were conducted on weighted data.ResultsPlain packaging was associated with a significant increase in the percentage of Canadian smokers who did not like the look of their cigarette pack (2018: 28.6% vs 2020: 44.7%, p<0.001), whereas no change in pack appeal was observed among smokers in Australia and the USA over the same period. Plain packaging was not associated with changes in HWL effectiveness in Canada. Support for plain packaging increased significantly among Canadian smokers (2018: 25.6% vs 2020: 33.7%, p<0.001).ConclusionsPlain packaging in Canada substantially reduced pack appeal and increased support for the policy among adult smokers; however, there was no increase in the effectiveness of Canada’s 8-year-old HWLs. The impact of plain packaging on health warning effectiveness may depend on the design of the warnings and length of time since implementation.

scholarly journals The Chilling Effect: Investor-State Dispute Settlement, Graphic Health Warnings, the Plain Packaging of Tobacco Products, and the Trans-Pacific Partnership

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Rimmer
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Health Warnings ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Plain Packaging ◽  
Philip Morris

Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) poses significant challenges in respect of tobacco control, public health, human rights, and sustainable development. Two landmark ISDS rulings provide procedural and substantive guidance on the interaction between ISDS and tobacco control. The ISDS action by Philip Morris against Uruguay in respect to graphic health warnings raised important procedural and substantive issues. The ISDS matter between Philip Morris and Australia over the plain packaging of tobacco products highlighted matters in respect of abuse of process. In the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), there was a special exclusion for tobacco control measures in respect of ISDS. There was also a larger discussion about the role of general public health exceptions. In the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA), there was a debate about the application of ISDS to intellectual property rights. In the European Union, there has been discussion of the creation of an international investment court. In the renegotiation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), there has even been calls to abolish ISDS clauses altogether from both Republicans and Democrats. This article concludes there is a need to protect tobacco control measures implementing the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control 2003 from further investor and trade challenges.

Plainly Constitutional: The Upholding of Plain Tobacco Packaging by the High Court of Australia

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 361-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Liberman
Keyword(s):  
Medical Association ◽  
Tobacco Company ◽  
Ordinary Sense ◽  
Health Warnings ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
High Court ◽  
Plain Packaging ◽  
The World ◽  
High Court Of Australia ◽  
Tobacco Packaging

In November 2011, Australia became the first country in the world to legislate for “plain packaging” of tobacco products. As of December 1, 2012, the packaging of tobacco products sold in Australia must be a standard, drab dark brown color; and the printing of tobacco company logos, brand imagery, colors, or promotional text on that packaging and on individual tobacco products is prohibited. While the Australian scheme is described as “plain packaging,” tobacco packaging is required to be far from “plain” in the ordinary sense of the word. The scheme requires large health warnings composed of graphics, warning statements and explanatory messages, and information messages.Plain packaging of tobacco products—which has also been called “generic packaging” or “standardized packaging”—is not a new idea. It was proposed as far back as June 1986, when the Canadian Medical Association agreed to a motion in favor of its adoption.

scholarly journals Impact of the WHO FCTC over the first decade: a global evidence review prepared for the Impact Assessment Expert Group

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (Suppl 2) ◽  
pp. s119-s128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Chung-Hall ◽  
Lorraine Craig ◽  
Shannon Gravely ◽  
Natalie Sansone ◽  
Geoffrey T Fong
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Smoking Initiation ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Health Warnings ◽  
Hand Search ◽  
Tobacco Epidemic ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveTo present findings of a narrative review on the implementation and effectiveness of 17 Articles of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) during the Treaty’s first decade.Data sourcesPublished reports on global FCTC implementation; searches of four databases through June 2016; hand-search of publications/online resources; tobacco control experts.Study selectionWHO Convention Secretariat global progress reports (2010, 2012, 2014); 2015 WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic; studies of social, behavioural, health, economic and/or environmental impacts of FCTC policies.Data extractionProgress in the implementation of 17 FCTC Articles was categorised (higher/intermediate/lower) by consensus. 128 studies were independently selected by multiple authors in consultation with experts.Data synthesisImplementation was highest for smoke-free laws, health warnings and education campaigns, youth access laws, and reporting/information exchange, and lowest for measures to counter industry interference, regulate tobacco product contents, promote alternative livelihoods and protect health/environment. Price/tax increases, comprehensive smoking and marketing bans, health warnings, and cessation treatment are associated with decreased tobacco consumption/health risks and increased quitting. Mass media campaigns and youth access laws prevent smoking initiation, decrease prevalence and promote cessation. There were few studies on the effectiveness of policies in several domains, including measures to prevent industry interference and regulate tobacco product contents.ConclusionsThe FCTC has increased the implementation of measures across several policy domains, and these implementations have resulted in measurable impacts on tobacco consumption, prevalence and other outcomes. However, FCTC implementation must be accelerated, and Parties need to meet all their Treaty obligations and consider measures that exceed minimum requirements.

scholarly journals Cigarette packaging and health warnings: the impact of plain packaging and message framing on young smokers

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (e1) ◽  
pp. e87-e92 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Mays ◽  
R. S. Niaura ◽  
W. D. Evans ◽  
D. Hammond ◽  
G. Luta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Message Framing ◽  
Health Warnings ◽  
Plain Packaging ◽  
Young Smokers ◽  
The Impact

Trends in affordability of tobacco products before and after the transition to GST in India

2020 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2019-055525
Author(s):  
Rijo M John ◽  
Estelle Dauchy
Keyword(s):  
Capita Income ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Tax Changes ◽  
Taxation System ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveTo estimate the trends in affordability of bidis, cigarettes and smokeless tobacco (SLT) in India and examine the impact of transition from the earlier indirect taxation system to the new goods and services tax (GST) on the affordability.MethodsRetail price data and per-capita gross domestic product data were used to examine the trends in affordability of cigarettes, bidis and SLT from 2007–2008 to 2018–2019. Relative income price defined as the share of real per-capita income required to purchase a given quantity of a product was used to measure affordability. Changes in affordability were decomposed to disaggregate the effects of real prices or income changes.FindingsOn average, cigarettes, bidis and SLT have become increasingly affordable over the past 10 years. Bidis were found to be nine times more affordable than cigarettes. The GST has accentuated the increase in the affordability of cigarettes and SLT, and did not significantly alter the high affordability of bidis. In general, states with high (low) value-added tax rates during the pre-GST period experienced increases (decreases) in tobacco products’ affordability after GST.ConclusionBidis continue to be highly affordable while the affordability of cigarettes and SLT increased mainly due to lack of any tax changes after GST and the growth in per-capita income. To effectively reduce affordability, significant increase in either the excise taxes and/or the compensation cess—a temporary duty in addition to GST—is warranted. Compensation cess should also be applied on bidis to address the huge tobacco use problem in India.

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