scholarly journals Analysis of hemodynamics response in prefrontal cortex during motor and cognitive dual-task—fNIR study

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Saraiva ◽  
João Paulo Vilas-Boas ◽  
Maria António Castro
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Quiet Standing ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Single Motor ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background Most of the processes occurring in the human body, need brain oxygenation. Motor and cognitive systems require neural resources and during a dual-task performance the demand on the brain increases. This study aimed to analyse the brain activation in static postural control during motor and cognitive dual-tasks. Methods Using Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIR), brain activity (oxygenated hemoglobin concentration ([HbO2]), deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration ([HHb]), oxygenation difference hemoglobin concentration changes (HbOxy = HbO2 – HHb), total hemoglobin (HbTotal = HbO2 + HHb)) were measured in thirty-three young adults (age = 23.12 ± 3.86 years, mean ± SD) during three conditions: in a postural task, quiet standing (single motor task), quiet standing while performing a concurrent motor task - answer the smartphone (motor dual-task) and quiet standing while performing a concurrent cognitive task—arithmetic and memory tasks (cognitive dual-task). After data processing, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for comparison. Results We found increased [HbO2] in young adults while performing cognitive dual-task compared to the single motor task and motor dual-task (P < 0.05). HbOxy differences between cognitive and motor dual-task were found (P < 0.05). No significant differences between single and motor dual-task in [HbO2] were observed. Conclusions Hemodynamic activity in the prefrontal cortex was significantly increased in cognitive dual-task compared to the single motor task. Pre-frontal hemodynamics appear not to be influenced by the number of motor tasks performed while the opposite occurs for the cognitive ones which may arise because the demand in the prefrontal cortex is greater in cognitive tasks while during the motor tasks the [HbO2] is recruited elsewhere.

scholarly journals Modifications in Prefrontal Cortex Oxygenation in Linear and Curvilinear Dual Task Walking: A Combined fNIRS and IMUs Study

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6159
Author(s):  
Valeria Belluscio ◽  
Gabriele Casti ◽  
Marco Ferrari ◽  
Valentina Quaresima ◽  
Maria Sofia Sappia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Gait Quality

Increased oxygenated hemoglobin concentration of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) has been observed during linear walking, particularly when there is a high attention demand on the task, like in dual-task (DT) paradigms. Despite the knowledge that cognitive and motor demands depend on the complexity of the motor task, most studies have only focused on usual walking, while little is known for more challenging tasks, such as curved paths. To explore the relationship between cortical activation and gait biomechanics, 20 healthy young adults were asked to perform linear and curvilinear walking trajectories in single-task and DT conditions. PFC activation was assessed using functional near-infrared spectroscopy, while gait quality with four inertial measurement units. The Figure-of-8-Walk-Test was adopted as the curvilinear trajectory, with the “Serial 7s” test as concurrent cognitive task. Results show that walking along curvilinear trajectories in DT led to increased PFC activation and decreased motor performance. Under DT walking, the neural correlates of executive function and gait control tend to be modified in response to the cognitive resources imposed by the motor task. Being more representative of real-life situations, this approach to curved walking has the potential to reveal crucial information and to improve people’ s balance, safety, and life’s quality.

scholarly journals Prefrontal cortex oxygenation and sleep quality in cognitive dual-task—fNIR study

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Saraiva ◽  
João Paulo Vilas-Boas ◽  
Maria António Castro
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Poor Sleep Quality ◽  
Good Sleep

Abstract Background Previous studies suggest that poor sleep quality negatively affects the executive function of the prefrontal cortex and, consequently, the impairment of learning abilities. The aim of this study was to compare the oxygenated hemoglobin concentration ([HbO2]) during cognitive dual-task with subjective sleep quality in young adults. Methods Thirty-two healthy young adults (age = 23.13 ± 3.92 years, mean ± SD) were recruited according to the eligibility criteria. Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIR), oxygenated hemoglobin concentration ([HbO2]) was measured during quiet standing while performing a concurrent cognitive task - arithmetic and memory tasks (cognitive dual-task). The quality of sleep was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). After data processing, the Mann-Whitney test was used for comparison and the statistical significance level was set to P < 0.05. Results There were 59.4% of participants with a global PSQI score ≤5 (good sleep quality) and 40.6% with a score > 5 (poor sleep quality). No differences were observed in the mean of [HbO2] in prefrontal cortex during cognitive dual-task in young adults with good and poor sleep quality (P > 0.05). Conclusions The results of this study do not support the possibility of increases in the hemodynamic response on the prefrontal cortex be expected due to a good sleep, once the sleep quality appears not to have a significant effect on [HbO2] in young adults during the performance of cognitive dual-task.

scholarly journals Equal prefrontal cortex activation between males and females in a motor tasks and different visual imagery perspectives: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) study

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 627-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago F. Dias Kanthack ◽  
Marcelo Bigliassi ◽  
Leandro Ricardo Altimari
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Visual Imagery ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Task Condition ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Males And Females

The purpose of this study was to compare the prefrontal cortex (PFC) blood flow variation and time on in males and females while performing a motor task and imagery perspectives. Eighteen right handed subjects (11 males and 7 females) were volunteers to this study. All subjects went through three randomly conditions, a motor task condition (MT) in which they had to do a simple finger tap. The other conditions included practicing imagery in first and third views. During all the conditions, the fNIRS device was attached to the subject forehead to obtain the blood flow; the total time in each task which was measured with a chronometer. No difference had been found in any condition for both sexes in the PFC and time, nor for all subjects integrated in the PFC. Therefore, we conclu-de that both imageries can be used to mentally train a motor task, and probably both sexes can be benefited.

scholarly journals “Effect of Secondary Cognitive and Motor Tasks on Selected Gait Parameters in Different Age Groups”

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (06) ◽  
pp. 5437-5441
Author(s):  
Raee Saeed Alqhtani ◽  
Adel Alshahrani ◽  
Mohammed Abdul Rahman Jarrar ◽  
Reyaz Ahmed ◽  
Hashim Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Automatic Process ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Gait Parameters

Since walking is a dynamic activity which is an automatic process and attention demanding task. Dual task while walking may cause changes in gait, therefore this study primarily aims to identify whether a secondary cognitive or motor task would have a greater effect on gait parameters in different age groups. Secondarily, it aims to examine difference in gait performance between young and older adults while performing cognitive and motor tasks. Student’s t- test and Repeated measure analysis of variance was used for Statistical analyses. Older group had significantly higher gait time (mean difference: 2.61,3.86, and 6.37seconds), lower stride length (mean difference: 0.26, 0.25, and 0.28 cm), and higher step width (mean difference: 1.46,1.85, and 3.13cm) during simple walking task, motor task and cognitive task while walking, respectively as compared to young adults.This study concludes that the secondary cognitive task has affect the selected gait parameters more in young and older adults as compared to secondary motor task. Additionally, dual task performance has shown difference between gait of young and older adults    

scholarly journals The Effects of Different Types of Dual Tasking on Balance in Healthy Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 933
Author(s):  
Graça Monteiro de Barros ◽  
Filipe Melo ◽  
Josefa Domingos ◽  
Raul Oliveira ◽  
Luís Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Balance Control ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Dual Tasking ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Single Motor ◽  
Different Types

Numerous of our daily activities are performed within multitask or dual task conditions. These conditions involve the interaction of perceptual and motor processes involved in postural control. Age-related changes may negatively impact cognition and balance control. Studies identifying changes related to dual-task actions in older people are need. This study aimed to determine the effects of different types of dual-tasking on the balance control of healthy older adults. The sample included 36 community-living older adults, performing two tests—a sway test and a timed up-and-go test—in three conditions: (a) single motor task; (b) dual motor task; and (c) dual motor task with cognitive demands. Cognitive processes (dual-task and cognition) affected static balance, increasing amplitude (p < 0.001) and frequency (p < 0.001) of the center of mass displacements. Dynamic balance revealed significant differences between the single motor condition and the other two conditions during gait phases (p < 0.001). The effect of dual-tasking in older adults suggests that cognitive processes are a main cause of increased variability in balance and gait when under an automatic control. During sit-to-stand, turning, and turn-to-sit movements under dual-tasking, the perceptive information becomes the most important focus of attention, while any cognitive task becomes secondary.

scholarly journals Spectral fiber-photometry derives hemoglobin-absorption changes for accurate measurement of fluorescent sensors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Ting Zhang ◽  
Tzu-Hao Harry Chao ◽  
Yue Yang ◽  
Tzu-Wen Wang ◽  
Sung-Ho Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Fluorescent Sensor ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Photon Absorption ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
Spectral Photometry ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Hemoglobin Absorption

Fiber-photometry is an emerging technique for recording fluorescent sensor activity in the brain. Here we demonstrate significant hemoglobin-absorption artifacts that may be misinterpreted as sensor activity changes. Because hemoglobin exists in nearly every location in the brain and its concentration varies over time, such artifacts could significantly impede the accuracy of photometry recording results. We present a novel use of spectral photometry technique and propose a computational method to quantify photon absorption effect from an activity-independent fluorescent protein, which can be used to derive oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin concentration changes and correct target sensor activities across spectra. We further demonstrate the utility of this method for delineating brain regional differences in neurovascular transfer functions and shed light on the interpretation of hemodynamic-based neuroimaging data.

Design of a wearable four-channel near-infrared spectroscopy system for the measurement of brain hemodynamic responses

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janani Arivudaiyanambi ◽  
Sasikala Mohan ◽  
Sunaina Mariam Cherian ◽  
Kumaravel Natesan
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Motor Execution ◽  
Hemodynamic Changes ◽  
Hemodynamic Responses ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
Spectroscopy System ◽  
The Brain

AbstractObjectivesThis work describes the design and development of a four-channel near-infrared spectroscopy system to detect the oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration changes in the brain during various motor tasks.MethodsThe system uses light-emitting diodes corresponding to two wavelengths of 760 nm and 850 nm sensitive to deoxygenated and oxygenated hemoglobin concentration changes, respectively. The response is detected using a photodetector with an integrated transimpedance amplifier. The system is designed with four channels for functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) signals acquisition. Two experiments were conducted to demonstrate the ability of the system to detect the changes in hemodynamic responses of different tasks. In the first experiment, the hemodynamic changes during motor execution and imagery of right- and left-fist clenching tasks were acquired by the developed system and validated against a standard multichannel NIRS system. In another experiment, the fNIRS signals during rest and motor execution of right-fist clenching task were acquired using the system and classified.ResultsThe results demonstrate the ability of the designed system to detect the brain hemodynamic changes during various tasks. Also, the activation patterns obtained by the developed system with a minimum number of channels are on par with those obtained by the commercial system.ConclusionsThe developed four-channel NIRS system is user-friendly and has been designed with inexpensive components, unlike the commercially available NIRS instruments that are cumbersome and expensive.

Abstract WP194: Interference of Cognitive Tasks and Upper Limb Movements in Chronic Stroke Patients: A Dual-Task Study

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hogene Kim ◽  
Hyunki Kim ◽  
Na Young Kim ◽  
Hyun Choi ◽  
Joonho Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dual Task ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Movement Accuracy ◽  
Movement Trajectories ◽  
Stroke Group ◽  
Task Conditions

Background: This study investigated cognitive-motor interference effects after a chronic stroke diagnosis. Methods: Ten stroke patients (54.7±12.3 yrs.) and seven age-matched controls (58.4±10.6 yrs.) took part in a series of cognitive-motor tasks. Under single-motor task conditions, participants moved a cursor of the robot arm along the annulus using unaffected hand ( Circle task), or performed a center-out movement in four directions ( Cross task). Under single-cognitive task conditions, participants performed the Serial 7 (S7 task) or the Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT task). Under dual-task conditions, participants performed a motor task and a cognitive task simultaneously. The movement accuracy, defined as the percent of movement trajectories within the annulus per total movement trajectories, were measured on motor tasks, and the number of correct answers were recorded on cognitive tasks. Results: Results of two-sample t statistic showed that the movement accuracy of the stroke group was lower than that of the control group, in particular under single-motor conditions (Circle: stroke 84.9±11.2% vs control 93.1±5.1%, p=0.094; Cross: stroke 77.2±13.2% vs control 88.6±8.2%, p=0.062). No significant difference was found between the control and stroke groups under single-cognitive task conditions. The control group showed no significant changes in the number of correct answers and movement accuracies between single and dual tasks. On the other hand, the stroke group showed significantly decreased movement accuracy for the Cross task compared to the Circle task (p=0.006). The stroke group’s number of correct answers in the S7 task were significantly decreased when S7 was performed together with the Cross task (10.0±5.3 vs 8.1±4.5, p=0.008). Their movement accuracy was also significantly reduced under dual-task conditions (single 77.2±13.2%, dual (COWAT+Cross) 74.6±12.4, p=0.034). Conclusions: This study confirmed that cognitive-motor interference is evident for stroke patients when they performed a cognitive task and a motor task simultaneously, such that performance in one or both of the dual tasks is worse as compared to that of each single task.

scholarly journals Relationship between the Difference in Oxygenated Hemoglobin Concentration Changes in the Left and Right Prefrontal Cortex and Cognitive Function during Moderate-Intensity Aerobic Exercise

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1643
Author(s):  
Weixiang Qin ◽  
Sho Kojima ◽  
Yudai Yamazaki ◽  
Shinichiro Morishita ◽  
Kazuki Hotta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
Left And Right

Previous studies have indicated that changes in oxygenated hemoglobin concentration (O2Hb) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) are associated with changes in cognitive function. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the effect of differences in O2Hb levels in the left and right PFC (L-PFC and R-PFC, respectively) on cognitive function after exercise. This study included 12 healthy male college students. The exercise regimen consisted of 4 min of warm-up and rest each, followed by 20 min of moderate-intensity exercise and 20 min of post-exercise rest. Participants underwent the 2-back cognitive test thrice (pre-exercise, post-exercise, and after the 20 min post-exercise rest period), and their reaction times were recorded. O2Hb levels in the PFC were monitored using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. We analyzed the correlations between changes in post-exercise reaction times and differences in peak O2Hb levels (L-PFC minus R-PFC), area under the curve for O2Hb changes, and increases in the O2Hb slope during exercise. Peak O2Hb, area under the curve (AUC) for O2Hb change, and increase in the slope of O2Hb were significantly correlated with changes in reaction time. These findings provide insight into the mechanism by which O2Hb differences between the L-PFC and R-PFC affect cognitive function.

Effects of Concurrent Manual Task Performance on Connected Speech Acoustics in Individuals With Parkinson Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 2099-2117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason A. Whitfield ◽  
Zoe Kriegel ◽  
Adam M. Fullenkamp ◽  
Daryush D. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Task Condition ◽  
Connected Speech ◽  
Speech Acoustics ◽  
Single Task ◽  
Manual Task ◽  
Task Conditions

Purpose Prior investigations suggest that simultaneous performance of more than 1 motor-oriented task may exacerbate speech motor deficits in individuals with Parkinson disease (PD). The purpose of the current investigation was to examine the extent to which performing a low-demand manual task affected the connected speech in individuals with and without PD. Method Individuals with PD and neurologically healthy controls performed speech tasks (reading and extemporaneous speech tasks) and an oscillatory manual task (a counterclockwise circle-drawing task) in isolation (single-task condition) and concurrently (dual-task condition). Results Relative to speech task performance, no changes in speech acoustics were observed for either group when the low-demand motor task was performed with the concurrent reading tasks. Speakers with PD exhibited a significant decrease in pause duration between the single-task (speech only) and dual-task conditions for the extemporaneous speech task, whereas control participants did not exhibit changes in any speech production variable between the single- and dual-task conditions. Conclusions Overall, there were little to no changes in speech production when a low-demand oscillatory motor task was performed with concurrent reading. For the extemporaneous task, however, individuals with PD exhibited significant changes when the speech and manual tasks were performed concurrently, a pattern that was not observed for control speakers. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.8637008

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