scholarly journals Fetal MRI vs. fetal ultrasound in the diagnosis of pathologies of the central nervous system

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inês Pimentel ◽  
João Costa ◽  
Óscar Tavares
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Fetal Mri ◽  
Fetal Ultrasound ◽  
Fetal Malformations ◽  
Fetal Us ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Common Group ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Abstract Background Malformations of the central nervous system (CNS) constitute the 2nd most common group of fetal pathologies, which can be reflected throughout the patient's life. Fetal ultrasound (US), together with fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are extremely important techniques for the diagnosis of CNS malformations. The objective of this work was to address fetal US and fetal MRI, as well as the benefits of its use in different CNS pathologies and to ascertain which of the techniques presents better results. Methods For this systematic literature review, a search was conducted using databases such as PubMed® and ScienceDirect®, Google Scholar, b-on digital library, in a 10-year period, 2010 to 2020. 60 references were used, which met the inclusion criteria, namely compliance with the defined timeframe and the theme of the work to be addressed. Results As for the results, fetal US is the first-line technique for fetal evaluation, and its objective is to detect possible fetal malformations early, while fetal MRI complements the information collected through fetal US. When there are cases of isolated ventriculomegaly and complete agenesis of the corpus callosum, fetal US can correctly assess the pathology. When it comes to pathologies such as dysgenesis of the corpus callosum and malformations of the posterior fossa, fetal MRI evaluates more effectively in comparison to fetal US. Conclusions In conclusions, to reduce the number of false positives, the techniques should be used together, thus providing a better diagnosis.

scholarly journals Beyond Oncological Hyperthermia: Physically Drivable Magnetic Nanobubbles as Novel Multipurpose Theranostic Carriers in the Central Nervous System

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 2104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Ficiarà ◽  
Shoeb Anwar Ansari ◽  
Monica Argenziano ◽  
Luigi Cangemi ◽  
Chiara Monge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide ◽  
Conventional Radiotherapy ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Brain

Magnetic Oxygen-Loaded Nanobubbles (MOLNBs), manufactured by adding Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) on the surface of polymeric nanobubbles, are investigated as theranostic carriers for delivering oxygen and chemotherapy to brain tumors. Physicochemical and cyto-toxicological properties and in vitro internalization by human brain microvascular endothelial cells as well as the motion of MOLNBs in a static magnetic field were investigated. MOLNBs are safe oxygen-loaded vectors able to overcome the brain membranes and drivable through the Central Nervous System (CNS) to deliver their cargoes to specific sites of interest. In addition, MOLNBs are monitorable either via Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) or Ultrasound (US) sonography. MOLNBs can find application in targeting brain tumors since they can enhance conventional radiotherapy and deliver chemotherapy being driven by ad hoc tailored magnetic fields under MRI and/or US monitoring.

scholarly journals Superficial siderosis of the central nervous system is a rare and possibly underdiagnosed disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yara Dadalti Fragoso ◽  
Tarso Adoni ◽  
Joseph Bruno Bidin Brooks ◽  
Sidney Gomes ◽  
Marcus Vinicius Magno Goncalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Neurological Dysfunction ◽  
Superficial Siderosis ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Intermittent Bleeding

ABSTRACT Superficial siderosis (SS) of the central nervous system (CNS) is a rare and possibly underdiagnosed disorder resulting from chronic or intermittent bleeding into the subarachnoid space, leading to deposition of blood products in the subpial layers of the meninges. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows a characteristic curvilinear pattern of hypointensity on its blood-sensitive sequences. Methods Series of cases collected from Brazilian centers. Results We studied 13 cases of patients presenting with progressive histories of neurological dysfunction caused by SS-CNS. The most frequent clinical findings in these patients were progressive gait ataxia, hearing loss, hyperreflexia and cognitive dysfunction. The diagnoses of SS-CNS were made seven months to 30 years after the disease onset. Conclusion SS-CNS is a rare disease that may remain undiagnosed for long periods. Awareness of this condition is essential for the clinician.

scholarly journals Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma with distant spinal cord metastasis: case and MR-imaging

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 158-164
Author(s):  
N. A. Strumila ◽  
A. S. Krasnov ◽  
M. M. Andrianov ◽  
G. V. Teresсhenko
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
Distant Metastases ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (eRMS) is one of the most common soft tissue sarcomas in children, accounting for 4.5% of all childhood tumors. Half of the eRMS occuring in the head and neck are parameningeal. About 40% of patients with eRMS can develop distant metastases. In patients with intracranial tumors, metastatic spread can occur along the central nervous system (CNS) meninges. The literature describes only 4 clinical cases of eRMS with distant metastases in the spinal cord and along the meninges. Only in two out of these four cases, CSF cytology was positive (meaning that tumor cells were detected in cerebrospinal fluid). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the central nervous system with contrast enhancement can be used to detect distant metastases in the CNS and meninges. We present a clinical case of a 4-year old girl with parameningeal eRMS. MRI of the CNS performed as part of a diagnostic check-up revealed nodal metastatic foci along the meninges of the spinal cord. In accordance with the treatment protocol, the patient was diagnosed with stage 4 disease and received intensive polychemotherapy resulting in the disappearance of the nodal lesions in the spinal cord and a good prognosis. The parents gave their consent to the use of their child's data, including photographs, for research purposes and in publications.

Fetal MRI of the central nervous system: State-of-the-art

2017 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 273-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Manganaro ◽  
Silvia Bernardo ◽  
Amanda Antonelli ◽  
Valeria Vinci ◽  
Matteo Saldari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Fetal Mri ◽  
System State ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals THE RESULTS OF STUDY OF HUMAN CORPUS CALLOSUM MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE BY MEANS OF ROUTINE HISTOLOGICAL METHODS

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
O. D. Boyagina
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Microscopic Level ◽  
Microscopic Structure ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
New Information ◽  
Thin Slices ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The paper shows the limits restricting traditional histological methods when studying the white matter of the central nervous system on the example of corpus callosum. The study resulted in obtaining fundamentally new information concerning corpus callosum structure on the microscopic level of its organization. It became possible due to the first applied methods of brain tissue plastination in epoxy resin followed by further making of thin sections and series of half-thin slices.

scholarly journals Real-Life Diagnostic Accuracy of MRI in Prenatal Diagnosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Manuel Recio Rodríguez ◽  
Cristina Andreu-Vázquez ◽  
Israel J. Thuissard-Vasallo ◽  
Raquel Cano Alonso ◽  
Carmina Bermejo López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Prenatal Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Fetal Mri ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Fetal Ultrasound ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Perinatal Management ◽  
Cns Pathology

There is some controversy about the value of fetal MRI in prenatal diagnosis, and most of the studies examine its accuracy in central nervous system (CNS) pathology. The objective of this retrospective study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy and usefulness of fetal MRI in the prenatal diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) pathology and non-CNS pathology. Patients referred to the Radiology Department between 2007 and 2018 for a fetal MRI after detection of an anomaly in the fetal ultrasound, a high-risk pregnancy, or an inconclusive fetal ultrasound (n = 623) were included in the study. Postnatal diagnosis was used to assess the diagnostic accuracy of MRI. Fetal MRI was considered to provide additional information over fetal ultrasound when findings of the fetal MRI were not detected in the fetal ultrasound or when established a pathological condition that was not detected in the fetal ultrasound. Fetal MRI provided useful information for the perinatal management and prognosis over fetal ultrasound when findings of the fetal MRI changed the postnatal prognosis, leaded to the decision to legally terminate the pregnancy, changed prenatal or postnatal follow-up, or helped in the planning of prenatal or postnatal treatment. Fetal MRI offered an accurate diagnosis in 97% of cases (compared to 90.4% of fetal ultrasound; p < 0.001 ). Concordance between fetal ultrasound and fetal MRI was 92.1%. Fetal MRI provided additional information over fetal ultrasound in 23.1% of cases. In 11.6% of cases, the information was useful for the perinatal management and prognosis. In 45 cases (7.2%), fetal MRI was the only accurate diagnosis. In conclusion, fetal MRI has a superior diagnostic accuracy, especially in CNS pathology, and provides additional useful information in CNS, thoracic, and abdominal pathology.

Diagnostic Tests

2018 ◽  
pp. 42-62
Author(s):  
Andrea C. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Csf Analysis ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

The diagnostic tests used most often to evaluate patients who have disease of the central nervous system (CNS) include cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, electroencephalography (EEG), evoked potentials, electromyography (EMG), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These tests should be used to supplement or to extend the clinical examination.

scholarly journals mTORC2 loss in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells results in regional hypomyelination in the central nervous system

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin D Dahl ◽  
Hannah A Hathaway ◽  
Adam R Almeida ◽  
Jennifer Bourne ◽  
Tanya L Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Myelin Proteins ◽  
Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells ◽  
Oligodendrocyte Progenitor ◽  
The Central Nervous System

In the central nervous system (CNS), oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes to generate myelin, which is essential for normal nervous system function. OPC differentiation is driven by signaling pathways such as mTOR (Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin), which functions in two distinct complexes: mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2), containing Raptor or Rictor respectively. In the current studies, mTORC2 signaling was selectively deleted from OPCs in PDGFRα-Cre X Rictorfl/fl mice. This study examined developmental myelination in male and female mice, comparing the impact of mTORC2 deletion in the corpus callosum and spinal cord. In both corpus callosum and spinal cord, Rictor loss in OPCs resulted in early reduction in myelin RNAs and some myelin proteins. However, these deficits rapidly recovered in spinal cord, where normal myelin abundance and thickness was noted at post-natal day 21 and 1.5 months. By contrast, the losses in corpus callosum resulted in severe hypomyelination, and increased unmyelinated axons. The current studies focus on uniquely altered signaling pathways following mTORC2 loss in developing oligodendrocytes. A major mTORC2 substrate is phospho-Akt-S473, which was significantly reduced throughout development in both corpus callosum and spinal cord at all ages measured, yet this had little impact in spinal cord. Loss of mTORC2 signaling resulted in decreased expression of actin regulators such as gelsolin in corpus callosum, but only minimal loss in spinal cord. The current study establishes a regionally-specific role for mTORC2 signaling in OPCs, particularly in the corpus callosum.

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