scholarly journals Building country-level capacity to estimate the burden of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Pires
Keyword(s):  
Open Access Journal ◽  
National Study ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Online Discussion Forum ◽  
Data Gaps ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
National Burden ◽  
National Studies ◽  
Data Requirements

Abstract The European Burden of Disease Network (burden-eu) joins 271 members from 50 countries. Upon the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, several of these members started studies to estimate the burden of COVID-19 in their countries, and many others showed interest in taking steps to launch such studies. Capacity building is one of the key pillars of burden-eu, and the ultimate goal of several of its activities. In mid-2020, a group within burden-eu convened to establish an approach to support the network's members to establish national studies. First, the grouped discussed the methodology, data requirements and resources needed to implement a national study. Based on the output of these discussions, a comprehensive protocol was published on the network's website, and a scientific article was published in an open-access journal. To present this methodology, share already finalized studies, and discuss challenges and opportunities for future studies, in November 2020 burden-eu organized a public webinar, which was attended by over 100 participants. The network's website collects and continuously posts all published articles related to the burden of COVID Burden-eu. Burden-eu also formed the Burden of COVID-19 Working Group, which is open to all network members conducting or interested in implementing national studies. This group aims to share experiences in national burden of COVID-19 studies; support each other with calculations, model assumptions, data gaps; harmonize methodologies and align strategies for communicating results; and discuss research and upcoming evidence on long-COVID. The group meets regularly to achieve these aims. Lastly, the network launched an online discussion forum, where members can post questions and receive answers from peers in an interactive and rapid way. All these efforts have resulted in several studies being launched, and are allowing for harmonized approaches to be used and comparable estimates to be generated.

Inequality in active ageing: evidence from a new individual-level index for European countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIKKEL BARSLUND ◽  
MARTEN VON WERDER ◽  
ASGHAR ZAIDI
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Active Ageing ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Share Data ◽  
The Individual

ABSTRACTIn the context of emerging challenges and opportunities associated with population ageing, the study of inequality in active-ageing outcomes is critical to the design of appropriate and effective social policies. While there is much discussion about active ageing at the aggregate country level, little is known about inequality in active-ageing experiences within countries. Based on the existing literature on active ageing, this paper proposes an individual-level composite active ageing index based on Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) data. The individual-level nature of the index allows us to analyse inequality in experiences of active ageing within selected European countries. One important motivation behind measuring active ageing at the individual level is that it allows for a better understanding of unequal experiences of ageing, which may otherwise be masked in aggregate-level measures of active ageing. Results show large differences in the distribution of individual-level active ageing across the 13 European countries covered and across age groups. Furthermore, there is a positive association between the country-level active ageing index and the equality of its distribution within a country. Hence, countries with the lowest average active ageing index tend to have the most unequal distribution in active-ageing experiences. For nine European countries, where temporal data are also available, we find that inequality in active-ageing outcomes decreased in the period 2004 to 2013.

scholarly journals Corruption and corporate governance: a cross-national study

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-315
Author(s):  
David Ng ◽  
Kun Qian ◽  
Adam Dix
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
National Study ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Standard Deviation Increase ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Governance Analysis ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Cross National Study

This paper examines the importance of country-level corruption in explaining the variation of firm-level corporate governance. Analysis of firm-level corporate governance data and country level corruption data on over 400 companies in 26 countries confirms the hypothesis that corruption has a statistically significant negative impact on the quality of a firm’s corporate governance. One standard deviation increase in country-level corruption is associated with a 0.5 to 0.7 standard deviation decrease in firm-level corporate governance scores

scholarly journals The Impact of the Great Recession on Perceived Immigrant Threat: A Cross-National Study of 22 Countries

Societies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joonghyun Kwak ◽  
Michael Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Great Recession ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
National Study ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Important Interaction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Threat Theory

In an increasingly globalized world, anti-immigrant sentiment has become more prevalent. Competitive threat theory suggests that anti-immigrant attitudes increase when adverse economic circumstances intensify competition with immigrants for scarce resources, but past studies using this approach are inconclusive. In this study, we investigate the impact of the Great Recession on perceived immigrant threat—an index of seven items measuring attitudes toward immigrants—using the 2013 International Social Survey Program survey. Using multilevel models, we analyze responses from 18,433 respondents nested within 22 countries. We create a country-level measure of the Great Recession Index comprised of four dimensions—the housing crash, the financial crisis, economic decline, and employment loss—and assess its impact on perceived immigrant threat. After controlling for a variety of individual-level and country-level covariates, we find that the Great Recession is positively associated with perceived immigrant threat. We also identify important interaction effects between the Great Recession Index and change in government expenditures, age, educational levels, citizenship, and urbanization. The study contributes to competitive threat theory by showing the effect of the Great Recession in exacerbating anti-immigrant sentiment.

scholarly journals Editorial: SESMO Special Issues

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 18040
Author(s):  
Tony Jakeman ◽  
Ioannis Athanasiadis ◽  
Serena Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Open Access Journal ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Environmental Systems ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Institute Of Technology

As the journal nears the end of its second official year, we are pleased to start accepting submissions to our first two Special Issues. The first Special Issue is on Resilience of complex coupled Socio-Technical-Environmental systems through the modeling lens with guest editors Tatiana Filatova, Tina Comes (4TU Resilience Engineering Centre), Christoph Hoelscher (ETH Zurich) and Juliet Mian (Resilence Shift). This Special Issue aims to bring together cutting-edge research and international practice to offer insights into the latest scientific modelling methods, gaps, challenges and opportunities and best practice examples relating to operationalising resilience across a range of socio-technical-environmental applications. The second Special Issue is on Large-scale behavioural models of land use change with guest editors Calum Brown (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology), Tatiana Filatova (University of Twente), Birgit Müller (Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ), and Derek Robinson (University of Waterloo). This Special Issue is focussed on better understanding and modelling of temporal or spatial scales in land use dynamics.   We invite new proposals for Special Issues that fit within SESMO’s aims and scope. Our Special Issues are cohesive collections of articles focussed on a specific contemporary theme related to socio-environmental systems modelling. The Special Issue can build on previous work and research gaps, but can also explore new and emerging terrain relevant to our aims. Although the conceptualisation of a Special Issue may be initiated in a conference or workshop, it is critical that such a proposal also builds on the original dialogue. Articles should also be canvassed from across the globe. SESMO is an open access journal with no article processing or publication charges for authors. If you have a topic to propose, please contact us to discuss further.

scholarly journals Impact of Structural Ageism on Greater Violence Against Older Persons: A Cross-National Study of 56 Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 181-181
Author(s):  
E-Shien Chang ◽  
Joan Monin ◽  
Daniel Zelterman ◽  
Becca Levy
Keyword(s):  
Older Persons ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
National Study ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Global Burden Of Diseases

Abstract Violence directed against older persons is recognized as a global health problem. However, structural drivers for violence remain under-studied. This country-level ecological study aimed to examine a previously unexplored link between structural ageism and violence against older persons. Following extensive structural stigma literature, structural ageism consisted of two components: (1) discriminatory national policies related to older persons’ economic, social, civil, and political rights, gathered from global databases including UN, WHO, and others; and (2) societal-level prejudicial social norms against older persons, measured by negative attitudes toward older persons by the World Values Survey. Two components were z scored and combined such that higher score indicated greater structural ageism. Prevalence rates of violence per 100,000 persons aged 70 and over in each country were drawn from the Global Burden of Diseases Study. Final analysis included 56 countries, representing 63% of the world’s aging population aged 60 and over across all six WHO regions. As predicted, structural ageism was significantly associated with the prevalence rates of violence in multivariate models (β =205.7, SE=96.3, P=.03), after adjusting for country-level sociodemographic and health covariates. Three sets of sensitivity analyses supported the robustness of our findings. That is, structural ageism did not predict other types of violence and other types of prejudice did not predict violence against older persons. Public health and population-based violence prevention policies may benefit from a targeted approach that tackles the harmful effects of structural ageism.

Increasing Use of Dental Services by Children, but Many Are Unable to Secure Needed Care

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
HB Waldman ◽  
MB Ackerman ◽  
SP Perlman
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Access To Care ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Oral Health Care ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
National Study ◽  
Vulnerable Children ◽  
Dental Services ◽  
National Studies

National studies indicate that an increasing proportion of children are receiving needed oral health care. However, this increase is not uniform throughout all populations of youngsters. Overall national study findings regarding the use of dental services mask the fact that, a significant subset of low-income, minority, medically and developmentally compromised and socially vulnerable children continue to lack access to care and suffer significant and consequential dental and oral disease. In addition, these same children will face continued difficulties in securing needed care as they reach their early adult years.

Data Requirements for Assessment of Device Risks

1988 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-518
Author(s):  
Joseph V. Rodricks ◽  
Stephen L. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Exposure Assessment ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Hazardous Chemical ◽  
Data Gaps ◽  
Data Requirements

The tools of risk assessment are now applied in the regulation of most classes of commercially produced chemicals, and there appear to be good reasons to apply the technique to potentially hazardous chemical constituents of medical devices. If it is to be applied, several sets of issues and data requirements almost unique to device constituents risk assessment need to be explored. Most important of these are the issues of inter-route extrapolation and assessment of human exposure to device constituents. An example of the latter problem, involving residues of the device sterilant ethylene oxide, is provided to reveal the types of data needed to assess human exposure to device constituents. It also reveals the type of device usage database that has been developed to assist exposure assessment. Several suggestions for dealing with data gaps in all types of device risk assessment are provided.

Government retrenchment and citizen participation in volunteering: A cross-national analysis of OECD countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kohei Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
National Study ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Government Role ◽  
National Analysis ◽  
Fiscal Pressure ◽  
Cross National

In most industrialized countries, politicians and policy makers face unprecedented levels of fiscal pressure. Such pressure has compelled governments to conduct substantial cuts in government spending and services. While policy makers have attempted to build a strong civil society to compensate for the declining government role, previous studies have not examined the link between government retrenchment and citizen involvement in volunteering. This study examines such a relationship by conducting a cross-national study of OECD countries. After controlling for individual- and country-level factors, the findings show that government retrenchment is positively associated with citizen volunteering.

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