Conversion of waste materials into very long chain fatty acids by the recombinant yeast Yarrowia lipolytica

2020 ◽  
Vol 367 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Gajdoš ◽  
Jaroslav Hambalko ◽  
Ondrej Slaný ◽  
Milan Čertík
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Yarrowia Lipolytica ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Recombinant Yeast ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

ABSTRACT Erucic acid (C22:1Δ13) has several industrial applications including its use as a lubricant, surfactant and biodiesel and composite material constituent. It is produced by plants belonging to the Brassicaceae family, especially by the high erucic acid rapeseed. The ability to convert oleic acid into erucic acid is facilitated by FAE1. In this study, FAD2 (encoding Δ12-desaturase) was deleted in the strain Po1d to increase oleic acid content. Subsequently, FAE1 from Thlaspi arvense was overexpressed in Yarrowia lipolytica with the Δfad2 genotype. This resulted in the YL10 strain producing very long chain fatty acids, especially erucic acid. The YL10 strain was cultivated in media containing crude glycerol and waste cooking oil as carbon substrates. The cells grown using glycerol produced microbial oil devoid of linoleic acid, which was enriched with very long chain fatty acids, mainly erucic acid (9% of the total fatty acids). When cells were grown using waste cooking oil, the highest yield of erucic acid was obtained (887 mg L–1). However, external linoleic and α-linolenic were accumulated in cellular lipids when yeasts were grown in an oil medium. This study describes the possibility of conversion of waste material into erucic acid by a recombinant yeast strain.

Synthesis and characterization of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) from Brassica carinata oil with high content of erucic acid and from very long chain fatty acids

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Impallomeni ◽  
Alberto Ballistreri ◽  
Giovanni Marco Carnemolla ◽  
Salvatore P.P. Guglielmino ◽  
Marco Sebastiano Nicolò ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Brassica Carinata ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Chloroacetamide Mode of Action, I: Inhibition of Very Long Chain Fatty Acid Synthesis in Scenedesmus acutus

1998 ◽  
Vol 53 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 995-1003 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Resistant Cell Line ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Scenedesmus Acutus ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Abstract Herbicidal chloroacetamides cause a very sensitive inhibition of fatty acid incorporation into an insoluble cell wall fraction of Scenedesmus acutus. The molecular basis was investigated in more detail. After incubation of the algae with [14C]oleic acid and saponification, the remaining pellet was solubilized and fractionated consecutively with chloroform / methanol, phosphate buffer, amylase, pronase, and finally with dioxane/HCl. By acid hydrolysis in dioxane a part of the cell wall residue was solubilized showing inhibition of exogenously applied oleic acid and other labelled precursors such as stearic acid, palmitic acid, and acetate. After extraction of this dioxane-soluble subfraction with hexane, HPLC could separate labelled metabolites less polar than oleic acid. T heir formation was completely inhibited by chloroacetam ides, e.g. 1 μᴍ metazachlor. This effect was also observed with the herbicidally active 5-enantiomer of metolachlor while the inactive R-enantiomer had no influence. These strongly inhibited metabolites could be characterized by radio-HPLC /MS as very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) with a carbon chain between 20 and 26. Incubating am etazachlor-resistant cell line of S. acutus (Mz-1) with [14C]oleic acid, V LCFA s could not be detected in the dioxane/ HCl-subfraction. Furthermore, comparing the presence of endogenous fatty acids in wildtype and mutant Mz-1 the VLCFA content of the mutant is very low, while the content of long chain fatty acids (C16 -18) is increased, particularly oleic acid. Obviously, the phytotoxicity of chloroacetam ides in S. acutus is due to inhibition of VLCFA synthesis. The resistance of the mutant to metazachlor has a bearing on the higher amount of long chain fatty acids replacing the missing VLCFAs in essential membranes or cell wall components.

THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF LONG-CHAIN FATTY ACIDS IN THE DEVELOPING CASTOR BEAN

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. Canvin
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Ricinoleic Acid ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Diethyl Malonate ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Acetate-1-C14 and acetate-2-C14 were supplied to slices of developing castor bean endosperm. The molecules were extensively incorporated into long-chain fatty acids, water-soluble compounds, and protein. Oleic acid was the fatty acid initially labelled from acetate and it was the precursor of ricinoleic acid. Aerobic conditions were required for the formation of oleic acid and for the conversion of oleic acid to ricinoleic acid. Under anaerobic conditions the incorporation of acetate carbon into fatty acids was inhibited more than 90% and almost all of the C14 was found in stearic and palmitic acids. Stearic acid appeared to be formed first and palmitic acid appeared to be derived from it through a shortening of the chain. The position of linoleic acid in the fatty acid interconversions was not clear except that it was not a free intermediate in the conversion of oleic acid to ricinoleic acid.Malonate-C14 was only absorbed slightly by the tissue and although absorption could be increased by the use of diethyl malonate the metabolism of the compound was not facilitated. Because of its poor utilization by the tissue the role of malonate in long-chain fatty acid synthesis in this tissue could not be ascertained.

The effects of fatty acids on pure cultures of rumen bacteria

1973 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Rumen Bacteria ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Selenomonas Ruminantium ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

SummaryThe effects of fatty acids, at low concentrations (0–005-O5 g/1), on the growth of seven species of rumen bacteria were examined.Anaerovibrio lipolytica(strain 5 S),Peptostreptococcus elsdenii(type 2),Bacteroides ruminicola46/52 andSelenomonas ruminantium(strain 17) were unaffected by addition of oleic acid to the medium. Growth ofButyrivibrioB 835 was stimulated by low concentrations of oleic (< 0–01 g/1), lauric (< 0–1 g/1) or capric (< 0–1 g/1) acids while higher concentrations of these acids were inhibitory. Myristic, palmitic and stearic acids were inhibitory at all concentrations tested.Ruminococcus4263/1 was inhibited at all concentrations of the six acids. Production of methane by pure cultures ofMethanobacterium ruminantiumwas also inhibited by the additions of long-chain fatty acids. Oleic acid was the most inhibitory of the series of acids. These results are consistent with the reported effects of lipids on rumen function.

Selection for low erucic acid and genetic mapping of loci affecting the accumulation of very long-chain fatty acids in meadowfoam seed storage lipids

Genome ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 547-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Gandhi ◽  
V. K. Kishore ◽  
J. M. Crane ◽  
M. B. Slabaugh ◽  
S. J. Knapp
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Favorable Alleles ◽  
Storage Lipids ◽  
Low Erucic Acid ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Erucic acid (22:113) has been identified as an anti-nutritional compound in meadowfoam ( Limnanthes alba ) and other oilseeds in the Brassicales, a classification which has necessitated the development of low erucic acid cultivars for human consumption. The erucic acid concentrations of meadowfoam wild types (8%–24%) surpass industry standards for human consumption (≤3%). The goals of the present study were to develop low erucic acid lines and identify loci affecting the accumulation of 22:113 and other very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) in meadowfoam seed storage lipids. LE76, a low erucic acid line, was developed by 3 cycles of selection in an ethyl methanesulfonate–treated wildtype population. LE76 produced 3% 22:113, threefold less than the M0 population. Wildtype × LE76 F2 populations produced continuous, approximately normal erucic and dienoic acid distributions. Loss-of-function mutations apparently did not segregate and individuals with low 22:113 concentrations (≤3%) were observed only in F2 populations from hybrids with L. alba subsp. alba wild types. The meadowfoam genome was mapped and scanned for quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting VLCFA profiles in seed storage lipids by genotyping and phenotyping wildtype × low erucic acid F2 progeny. Composite interval mapping identified 3 moderately large-effect erucic acid QTL. The low erucic acid parent transmitted favorable alleles for 2 of 3 QTL, suggesting low erucic acid cultivars can be developed by combining favorable alleles transmitted by wildtype and low erucic acid parents.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Effect of Long-Chain Fatty Acids on Biogas Production and the Protective Effect of Membrane Bioreactor

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kris Triwulan Dasa ◽  
Supansa Y. Westman ◽  
Ria Millati ◽  
Muhammad Nur Cahyanto ◽  
Mohammad J. Taherzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Anaerobic digestion of lipid-containing wastes for biogas production is often hampered by the inhibitory effect of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs). In this study, the inhibitory effects of LCFAs (palmitic, stearic, and oleic acid) on biogas production as well as the protective effect of a membrane bioreactor (MBR) against LCFAs were examined in thermophilic batch digesters. The results showed that palmitic and oleic acid with concentrations of 3.0 and 4.5 g/L resulted in >50% inhibition on the biogas production, while stearic acid had an even stronger inhibitory effect. The encased cells in the MBR system were able to perform better in the presence of LCFAs. This system exhibited a significantly lower percentage of inhibition than the free cell system, not reaching over 50% at any LCFA concentration tested.

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