scholarly journals Diet-induced changes in titer support a discrete response of Wolbachia-associated plastic recombination in Drosophila melanogaster

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina L Mostoufi ◽  
Nadia D Singh
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Wolbachia Infection ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Wolbachia Pipientis ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Bacterial Titer ◽  
Discrete Response ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
And Control ◽  
Extrinsic And Intrinsic Factors

Abstract Plastic recombination in Drosophila melanogaster has been associated with a variety of extrinsic and intrinsic factors such as temperature, starvation, and parasite infection. The bacterial endosymbiont Wolbachia pipientis has also been associated with plastic recombination in D. melanogaster. Wolbachia infection is pervasive in arthropods and this infection induces a variety of phenotypes in its hosts, the strength of which can depend on bacterial titer. Here we test the hypothesis that the magnitude of Wolbachia-associated plastic recombination in D. melanogaster depends on titer. To manipulate titer, we raised Wolbachia-infected and uninfected flies on diets that have previously been shown to increase or decrease Wolbachia titer relative to controls. We measured recombination in treated and control individuals using a standard backcrossing scheme with two X-linked visible markers. Our results recapitulate previous findings that Wolbachia infection is associated with increased recombination rate across the yellow-vermillion interval of the X chromosome. Our data show no significant effect of diet or diet by Wolbachia interactions on recombination, suggesting that diet-induced changes in Wolbachia titer have no effect on the magnitude of plastic recombination. These findings represent one of the first steps toward investigating Wolbachia-associated plastic recombination and demonstrate that the phenotype is a discrete response rather than a continuous one.

scholarly journals Diet-induced changes in titer support a threshold effect of Wolbachia-associated plastic recombination in Drosophila melanogaster

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina L Mostoufi ◽  
Nadia D Singh
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Wolbachia Infection ◽  
Threshold Effect ◽  
Bacterial Concentration ◽  
Wolbachia Pipientis ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
And Control ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Extrinsic And Intrinsic Factors

Plastic recombination in Drosophila melanogaster has been associated with a variety of extrinsic and intrinsic factors such as temperature, starvation, and parasite infection. The bacterial endosymbiont Wolbachia pipientis has also been associated with plastic recombination in D. melanogaster. Wolbachia infection is pervasive in arthropods and this infection induces a variety of phenotypes in its hosts, the strength of which can depend on bacterial concentration, or titer. Here we test the hypothesis that the magnitude of Wolbachia-associated plastic recombination in D. melanogaster depends on titer. To manipulate titer, we raised Wolbachia-infected and uninfected flies on diets that have previously been shown to increase or decrease Wolbachia titer relative to controls. We measured recombination in treated and control individuals using a standard backcrossing scheme with two X-linked visible markers. Our results recapitulate previous findings that Wolbachia infection is associated with increased recombination rate across the yellow-vermillion interval of the X chromosome. Our data show no significant effect of diet or diet by Wolbachia interactions on recombination, suggesting that diet-induced changes in Wolbachia titer have no effect on the magnitude of plastic recombination. These findings represent the first step toward investigating the mechanisms behind Wolbachia-associated plastic recombination and demonstrate that the effect may be threshold-based as opposed to dose-dependent.

scholarly journals The Intracellular Symbiont Wolbachia pipientis Enhances Recombination in a Dose-Dependent Manner

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 284
Author(s):  
Kaeli N. Bryant ◽  
Irene L. G. Newton
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Wolbachia Infection ◽  
Wolbachia Strain ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Wolbachia Pipientis ◽  
Intracellular Symbiont ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Classical Genetics

Wolbachia pipientis is an intracellular alphaproteobacterium that infects 40%–60% of insect species and is well known for host reproductive manipulations. Although Wolbachia are primarily maternally transmitted, evidence of horizontal transmission can be found in incongruent host–symbiont phylogenies and recent acquisitions of the same Wolbachia strain by distantly related species. Parasitoids and predator–prey interactions may indeed facilitate the transfer of Wolbachia between insect lineages, but it is likely that Wolbachia are acquired via introgression in many cases. Many hypotheses exist to explain Wolbachia prevalence and penetrance, such as nutritional supplementation, protection from parasites, protection from viruses, or direct reproductive parasitism. Using classical genetics, we show that Wolbachia increase recombination in infected lineages across two genomic intervals. This increase in recombination is titer-dependent as the wMelPop variant, which infects at higher load in Drosophila melanogaster, increases recombination 5% more than the wMel variant. In addition, we also show that Spiroplasma poulsonii, another bacterial intracellular symbiont of D. melanogaster, does not induce an increase in recombination. Our results suggest that Wolbachia infection specifically alters its host’s recombination landscape in a dose-dependent manner.

Генотип эндосимбионта Wolbachia pipientis влияет на метаболизм октопамина у самок Drosophila melanogaster

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 609-612
Author(s):  
Н. В. Адоньева ◽  
Е. В. Бурдина ◽  
Р. А. Быков ◽  
Н. Е. Грунтенко ◽  
И. Ю. Раушенбах
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Wolbachia Pipientis

scholarly journals The Anti-Ageing and Whitening Potential of a Cosmetic Serum Containing 3-O-ethyl-l-ascorbic Acid

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 406
Author(s):  
Nicola Zerbinati ◽  
Sabrina Sommatis ◽  
Cristina Maccario ◽  
Serena Di Francesco ◽  
Maria Chiara Capillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Dermal Fibroblasts ◽  
Melanin Content ◽  
Dna Protection ◽  
Melanin Pigmentation ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Reconstructed Human Epidermis ◽  
Solar Ultraviolet ◽  
Damage Marker ◽  
Extrinsic And Intrinsic Factors

Skin ageing has many manifestations such as wrinkles, dryness, hyperpigmentation, and uneven skin tone. Extrinsic and intrinsic factors, especially solar ultraviolet light (UVB), contribute to skin ageing; its main features are brown spots, alterations in melanin pigmentation, and a decrease in collagen and hyaluronic acid linked to oxidative stress. Several studies showed that topical products containing ingredients with antioxidant activity can reduce oxidative damage; to provide a maximum anti-ageing effect to the skin, topical products can combine various ingredients. C-SHOT SERUM contains a combination of two molecules with a proven anti-ageing activity: a high percentage (30%) of a more stable vitamin C derivative, 3-O-ethyl-l-ascorbic acid, and lactic acid (1%). The product showed a high biocompatibility, assessed through an MTT assay on keratinocytes and on Reconstructed Human Epidermis (RHE, SkinEthic); the anti-ageing activity was demonstrated on human dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes by a statistically significant increase in collagen production and a reduction of a UVB-induced DNA damage marker (γ-H2AX histone), indicating DNA protection. Moreover, a depigmenting activity, shown by a highly significant decrease in melanin content on treated Reconstructed Human Pigmented Epidermis (RHPE), was assessed. According to the data of our study, the tested product contrasts the effect of skin ageing and irregular pigmentation due to the physiological decline of the skin.

The economic value and determinants of tourists’ counterfeit purchases: The case of Hong Kong

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Pratt ◽  
Christine YH Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Brand Image ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Counterfeit Goods ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Extrinsic And Intrinsic Factors

Counterfeiting of fashion brands is a multi-billion dollar industry with an increasing number of goods being counterfeited. This research takes a demand-side approach to measuring counterfeiting activity among tourists in Hong Kong. Non-deceptive counterfeit purchases by tourists in Hong Kong amount to US$761.32 million per year. Tourists’ decision of whether to purchase counterfeit goods depended on a mix of extrinsic and intrinsic factors including psychometric variables, trip-related characteristics, and sociodemographics. Lowering the prices of genuine goods and explaining the risks of purchasing counterfeit goods would be the most effective anti-counterfeit measures. However, lowering the price of genuine goods can diminish the brand image of these luxury items.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Wolbachia pipientis Gene Expression Across the Drosophila melanogaster Life Cycle

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 2843-2856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Gutzwiller ◽  
Catarina R. Carmo ◽  
Danny E. Miller ◽  
Danny W. Rice ◽  
Irene L. G. Newton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Wolbachia Pipientis

Late Stage Decomposition of Embalmed Cadavers

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Mata Tutor ◽  
Catherine Villoria Rojas ◽  
María Benito Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Law ◽  
External Appearance ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Preservation Technique ◽  
Extrinsic And Intrinsic Factors

Decomposition is a natural process that begins approximately four minutes after death and continues until the body is degraded to simpler biochemical components which are gradually recycled back to the environment. This process is dependent on extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Embalming is a chemical preservation technique that aims to preserve the external appearance of the body in good condition for an indeterminate period. In Spain, there is a lack of experimental studies carried out to analyse the variables that affect decomposition in embalmed bodies, therefore, in accordance with the conclusions reached by previous authors, it is hypothesised that embalmed bodies show quantifiable characteristics during the late stage decomposition which distinguish them from control, unembalmed, cadavers. An anthropological and statistical analysis was performed on 14 individuals from Cementerio Sur de Madrid exhumed after ten years according to the Mortuary Health Law of the Autonomous Region of Madrid. The preliminary results obtained showed that there is a qualitative and statistically significant relationship between the variables evaluated, being the presence or absence of soft tissue the most notable difference. The mortuary or thanatopraxy treatments performed before the burial and the microenvironmental conditions of the burial positively influence the soft tissue preservation on embalmed bodies. These results contribute to the understanding about the decomposition rate of an embalmed cadavers in cemeteries, and the related extrinsic variables.

RIGOR MORTIS: PHYSIOLOGY

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heron Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Natural Course ◽  
Important Task ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Rigor Mortis ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Extrinsic And Intrinsic Factors

Introduction: Estimating the time of death is an important task in day-to-day forensic work and many factors for its designation are understood, one of which is rigor mortis. They can be altered by extrinsic and intrinsic factors, such as temperature location, humidity, heat, age, sex, length and body weight, and can be used as a parameter for approximate identification of the time of death. Objective: To carry out a brief review on the topic in order to promote a better understanding of the subject addressed and fully understand its physiology. Materials and Methods: Pubmed, Scielo and Medline databases were searched without date restrictions for articles published in English and Portuguese using the descriptors rigor mortis, autolysis and changes after death. Results: The theme presents consolidated researches regarding its natural course, being an important tool to estimate the time of death along other signs that appear after death, as well as to estimate some causes of death. Conclusion: Understanding the development of rigor mortis, helps to identify and distinguish processes that may have led to death and the post-mortem time.

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