scholarly journals GENETIC ANALYSIS OF CHROMOMERE 3D4 IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER: THE DUNCE AND SPERM-AMOTILE GENES

Genetics ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-596
Author(s):  
Helen K Salz ◽  
Ronald L Davis ◽  
John A Kiger
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Female Fertility ◽  
Phosphodiesterase Activity ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Chromosomal Break ◽  
Gene Maps

ABSTRACT Both male and female Drosophila that are homozygous deficient for chromomere 3D4 are viable but sterile and lack detectable cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase activity. Two genes have been localized to this region: spermamotile (sam) and dunce (dnc). The sperm-amotile gene is required for male fertility, and the dunce gene is required for normal learning, female fertility, and cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase activity. The sperm-amotile gene maps 0.24 map units to the left of dunce. The expression of the dunce gene seems to be affected by a chromosomal break to the left of sperm-amotile. The fertility of dunce females varies according to changes in the genetic background and the presence or absence of an X-linked suppressor.

scholarly journals Fertility Variation and its Impact on Effective Population Size in Seed Stands of Tamarindus indica and Azadirachta indica

2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 91-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kamalakannan ◽  
M. Varghese ◽  
J.-M. Park ◽  
S.-H. Kwon ◽  
J.-H. Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Female Fertility ◽  
Tamarindus Indica ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Fertility Variation ◽  
Status Number

Abstract Growth and reproductive traits were assessed in seed stands of two native Indian tree species Tamarindus indica and Azadirachta indica. Positive correlation between growth (height and GBH) and reproductive traits (male and female contribution) were found in both species. Fertility was estimated from the flower and fruit production of individuals. Based on the fertility variation among individuals, parental balance, femaleness index and status number (Ns) were determined. The option of equal seed collection among individuals was also considered for estimating Ns. The percentage of fertile trees was higher in the high flowering year in both species. The best male contributing individuals also showed high female contribution (fruit production). The parental contribution in seed stands showed high deviation from expectation; 20% individuals contributed about 70% of male and female gametes in both species. Femaleness index showed that female and male contribution of individual tree was more balanced in the good flowering year, compared to the poor year. Coefficient of variation in male and female fertility was higher in the low flowering year resulting in high fertility variation among individuals and low status number. In T. indica, the female contribution was less variable compared to that of male fertility whereas in A. indica the female fertility variation was higher than that of male fertility. The relative status number (Nr = Ns/N) of the stands was lower for male and female fertility compared to the combined (male and female) fertility of individual trees.

scholarly journals Genetic analysis of the sexual dimorphism of glass in Drosophila melanogaster

1984 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Birchler
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Modifier Locus ◽  
The Third ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Gene Maps ◽  
Insertional Translocation

SUMMARYA modifier locus is described that alters the level of phenotypic expression of the third chromosome mutant glass in a sex specific manner. Alternative alleles either confer a sexually dimorphic level of pigment in glass mutants, with the male being greater, or cause similar expression in the two sexes. The alleles are indistinguishable in females but produce the respective phenotypes in males. The gene maps to the tip of the X chromosome at position 0·96 ± 0·11. Cytologically, the locus is present between polytene bands 3A6–8 and 3C2–3 as determined by its inclusion in translocated X segments in w + Y, Dp(l;2)w70h31 and Dp(l;3)w67k27 The dimorphic allele is dominant to the nondimorphic condition in males heterozygous for an insertional translocation carrying the dimorphic allele and a normal chromosome carrying the nondimorphic form. The dimorphic allele in two doses in males does not exhibit a dosage effect. The modifier phenotype is unaffected in two X flies by the presence of the transformer mutation.

scholarly journals Persistent one-way walking in a circular arena in Drosophila melanogaster Canton-S strain

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengfeng Xiao ◽  
Shuang Qiu ◽  
R Meldrum Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Directional Change ◽  
Pleiotropic Function

AbstractWe describe persistent one-way walking of Drosophila melanogaster in a circular arena. Wild-type Canton-S adult flies walked in one direction, counter-clockwise or clockwise, for minutes, whereas white-eyed mutant w1118 changed directions frequently. Locomotion in the circular arena could be classified into four components: counter-clockwise walking, clockwise walking, nondirectional walking and pausing. Genetic analysis revealed that while wild-type genetic background was associated with reduced directional change and reduced numbers of one-way (including counterclockwise and clockwise) and nondirectional walks, the white (w+) locus promoted persistent oneway walking by increasing the maximal duration of one-way episodes. The promoting effect of w+ was further supported by the observations that (1) w+ duplicated to the Y chromosome, (2) four genomic copies of mini-white inserted on the autosomes, and (3) pan-neuronal overexpression of the White protein increased the maximal duration of one-way episodes, and that RNAi knockdown of w+ in the neurons decreased the maximal duration of one-way episodes. These results suggested a pleiotropic function of w+ in promoting persistent one-way walking in the circular arena.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF TOMATO RINGSPOT VIRUS ON DRUPELET SET OF RED RASPBERRY CULTIVARS

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 755-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
HUGH A. DAUBENY ◽  
R. STACE-SMITH ◽  
JACK A. FREEMAN
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Female Fertility ◽  
Ringspot Virus ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Pollen Quality ◽  
Tomato Ringspot Virus

Tomato ringspot virus (Tom RSV) had particularly adverse effects on drupelet set of the red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) cultivars Avon and Lloyd George. It affected Matsqui, Puyallup and Newburgh to a lesser extent. In Tom RSV-infected Newburgh, reduced drupelet set occurred only on those plants showing decline symptoms. With Avon and Lloyd George, reduced drupelet set appeared to involve reductions in male and female fertility. In Matsqui, Puyallup and Newburgh, male fertility as determined by pollen quality did not seem to be affected. Tom RSV did not affect drupelet set of Canby, Carnival, Glen Clova, Latham, Malling Jewel and Meeker.

scholarly journals Genetic Analysis of Male and Female Fertility After Artificial Insemination in Sheep: Comparison of Single-Trait and Joint Models

2007 ◽  
Vol 90 (8) ◽  
pp. 3917-3923 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. David ◽  
L. Bodin ◽  
G. Lagriffoul ◽  
C. Leymarie ◽  
E. Manfredi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Female Fertility ◽  
Joint Models ◽  
Male And Female

scholarly journals Direct and trans-generational effects of male and female gut microbiota in Drosophila melanogaster

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 20160966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliano Morimoto ◽  
Stephen J. Simpson ◽  
Fleur Ponton
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Offspring Production ◽  
Generational Effects ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
All Treatment

There is increasing evidence of the far-reaching effects of gut bacteria on physiological and behavioural traits, yet the fitness-related consequences of changes in the gut bacteria composition of sexually interacting individuals remain unknown. To address this question, we manipulated the gut microbiota of fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster , by monoinfecting flies with either Acetobacter pomorum ( AP ) or Lactobacillus plantarum ( LP ) . Re-inoculated individuals were paired in all treatment combinations. LP- infected males had longer mating duration and induced higher short-term offspring production in females compared with AP -infected males. Furthermore, females of either re-inoculation state mated with AP- infected males were more likely to have zero offspring after mating, suggesting a negative effect of AP on male fertility . Finally, we found that the effects of male and female gut bacteria interacted to modulate their daughters', but not sons' body mass, revealing a new trans-generational effect of parental gut microbiota. In conclusion, this study shows direct and trans-generational effects of the gut microbiota on mating and reproduction.

scholarly journals New opportunities for comparative male fertility research: Insights from a new data resource based on high-quality birth registers

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Dudel ◽  
Sebastian Klüsener
Keyword(s):  
Male Fertility ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Female Fertility ◽  
Parental Age ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Data Resource ◽  
Fertility Trends ◽  
Human Fertility ◽  
Gender Theories

Obtaining cross-country comparative perspectives on male fertility has long been difficult, as male fertility is usually less well registered than female fertility. This paper presents analyses based on a new male fertility database providing data on more than 330 million live births. This new resource, made available in the Human Fertility Collection, allows for the first time a comparative perspective on male fertility in high-income countries using high-quality birth register data. Contrasting male and female fertility trends across 17 countries, we show that trends in disparities between male and female period fertility rates are driven to a large degree by the interplay of parental age and cohort size differences. For parental age differences at childbirth, we observe a tendency toward smaller disparities, except in Eastern Europe. This observation fits with expectations based on gender theories. However, variation across countries also seems to be driven by factors other than gender equality.

scholarly journals Genetic Analysis of a Y-Chromosome Region That Induces Triplosterile Phenotypes and Is Essential for Spermatid Individualization in Drosophila melanogaster

Genetics ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 155 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-189
Author(s):  
Benjamin Timakov ◽  
Ping Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Fluorescent Probes ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Chromosome Region ◽  
The Other ◽  
Axonemal Dynein ◽  
Dynein Arms

Abstract The heterochromatic Y chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster contains ~40 Mb of DNA but has only six loci mutable to male sterility. Region h1-h9 on YL, which carries the kl-3 and kl-5 loci, induces male sterility when present in three copies. We show that three separate segments within the region are responsible for the triplosterility and have an additive effect on male fertility. The triplosterile males displayed pleiotropic defects, beginning at early postmeiotic stages. However, the triplosterility was unaffected by kl-3 or kl-5 alleles. These data suggest that region h1-h9 is complex and may contain novel functions in addition to those of the previously identified kl-3 and kl-5 loci. The kl-3 and kl-5 mutations as well as deficiencies within region h1-h9 result in loss of the spermatid axonemal outer dynein arms. Examination using fluorescent probes showed that males deficient for h1-h3 or h4-h9 displayed a postmeiotic lesion with disrupted individualization complexes scattered along the spermatid bundle. In contrast, the kl-3 and kl-5 mutations had no effect on spermatid individualization despite the defect in the axonemes. These results demonstrate that region h1-h9 carries genetically separable functions: one required for spermatid individualization and the other essential for assembling the axonemal dynein arms.

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