scholarly journals EFFECTS OF TOMATO RINGSPOT VIRUS ON DRUPELET SET OF RED RASPBERRY CULTIVARS

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 755-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
HUGH A. DAUBENY ◽  
R. STACE-SMITH ◽  
JACK A. FREEMAN
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Female Fertility ◽  
Ringspot Virus ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Pollen Quality ◽  
Tomato Ringspot Virus

Tomato ringspot virus (Tom RSV) had particularly adverse effects on drupelet set of the red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) cultivars Avon and Lloyd George. It affected Matsqui, Puyallup and Newburgh to a lesser extent. In Tom RSV-infected Newburgh, reduced drupelet set occurred only on those plants showing decline symptoms. With Avon and Lloyd George, reduced drupelet set appeared to involve reductions in male and female fertility. In Matsqui, Puyallup and Newburgh, male fertility as determined by pollen quality did not seem to be affected. Tom RSV did not affect drupelet set of Canby, Carnival, Glen Clova, Latham, Malling Jewel and Meeker.

EFFECTS OF TOMATO RINGSPOT VIRUS ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF RED RASPBERRY

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 749-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
JACK A. FREEMAN ◽  
R. STACE-SMITH ◽  
HUGH A. DAUBENY
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Ringspot Virus ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Tomato Ringspot Virus

Tomato ringspot virus (TomRSV) was graft-inoculated into 10 raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) cultivars in 1970 and plants of root cuttings from infected and virus-free (VF) plants were established in the field in 1971. Data were recorded on the growth of the newly propagated plants in 1971 and on growth and yield in 1972, 1973 and 1974. TomRSV infection resulted in retarding the growth of the young plants arising from the root cuttings of 8 of the 10 cultivars. Chlorotic ringspot markings were evident on many of the young plants arising from the root cuttings, but in subsequent years very few foliar markings were observed. A year after the plants were established, the canes of six cultivars were shorter than those of VF clones. The cultivars Avon, Latham, Lloyd George, and Mailing Jewel had significantly shorter canes in each of the 3 yr that measurements were taken. Only two cultivars, Carnival and Lloyd George, showed a reduction in yield in the 1st cropping year. By the 3rd cropping year, Avon, Glen Clova, Latham, Lloyd George and Meeker all showed a significant reduction in yield. Avon and Lloyd George also showed reduced fruit size. When all growth parameters were considered, the cultivar ranking in order of decreasing susceptibility was as follows: Lloyd George, Avon, Latham, Glen Clova, Meeker, Matsqui, Mailing Jewel, Carnival, Puyallup, and Canby.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Xiphinema americanum and Tomato ringspot virus on Red Raspberry, Rubus idaeus

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Pinkerton ◽  
J. Kraus ◽  
R. R. Martin ◽  
R. P. Schreiner
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Ringspot Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Rate Of Spread ◽  
Tomato Ringspot Virus ◽  
Systemic Spread ◽  
Gravid Females

Population dynamics of Xiphinema americanum and transmission of Tomato ringspot virus (ToRSV) were studied in a red raspberry field in Washington State. Population densities of X. americanum were highest in the winter, lowest in the summer, and were correlated with precipitation (R2 = 0.42). All nematode stages were present throughout the year. Gravid females were observed only in the spring, indicating one generation per year. The sequence of the coat protein of the ToRSV from this field was similar to those of other raspberry isolates from the Pacific Northwest. Cucumber seedlings were planted in soil collected monthly from the field and were evaluated for nematode transmission of ToRSV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The proportion of assay plants infected with ToRSV was negatively correlated with nematode densities (R2 = 0.31). In another study, ToRSV was detected by ELISA in fine roots of raspberry plants 5 months after planting in field soil infested with viruliferous nematodes, in all subterranean portions of plants after 12 months, and in all aerial portions the second year. The rate of spread of ToRSV in a raspberry field was 70 cm per year. These results suggest that the rate of ToRSV spread is limited by systemic spread of virus in plants when nematode-infested soil is not transported in the field.

scholarly journals Fertility Variation and its Impact on Effective Population Size in Seed Stands of Tamarindus indica and Azadirachta indica

2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 91-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kamalakannan ◽  
M. Varghese ◽  
J.-M. Park ◽  
S.-H. Kwon ◽  
J.-H. Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Female Fertility ◽  
Tamarindus Indica ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Fertility Variation ◽  
Status Number

Abstract Growth and reproductive traits were assessed in seed stands of two native Indian tree species Tamarindus indica and Azadirachta indica. Positive correlation between growth (height and GBH) and reproductive traits (male and female contribution) were found in both species. Fertility was estimated from the flower and fruit production of individuals. Based on the fertility variation among individuals, parental balance, femaleness index and status number (Ns) were determined. The option of equal seed collection among individuals was also considered for estimating Ns. The percentage of fertile trees was higher in the high flowering year in both species. The best male contributing individuals also showed high female contribution (fruit production). The parental contribution in seed stands showed high deviation from expectation; 20% individuals contributed about 70% of male and female gametes in both species. Femaleness index showed that female and male contribution of individual tree was more balanced in the good flowering year, compared to the poor year. Coefficient of variation in male and female fertility was higher in the low flowering year resulting in high fertility variation among individuals and low status number. In T. indica, the female contribution was less variable compared to that of male fertility whereas in A. indica the female fertility variation was higher than that of male fertility. The relative status number (Nr = Ns/N) of the stands was lower for male and female fertility compared to the combined (male and female) fertility of individual trees.

scholarly journals New opportunities for comparative male fertility research: Insights from a new data resource based on high-quality birth registers

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Dudel ◽  
Sebastian Klüsener
Keyword(s):  
Male Fertility ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Female Fertility ◽  
Parental Age ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Data Resource ◽  
Fertility Trends ◽  
Human Fertility ◽  
Gender Theories

Obtaining cross-country comparative perspectives on male fertility has long been difficult, as male fertility is usually less well registered than female fertility. This paper presents analyses based on a new male fertility database providing data on more than 330 million live births. This new resource, made available in the Human Fertility Collection, allows for the first time a comparative perspective on male fertility in high-income countries using high-quality birth register data. Contrasting male and female fertility trends across 17 countries, we show that trends in disparities between male and female period fertility rates are driven to a large degree by the interplay of parental age and cohort size differences. For parental age differences at childbirth, we observe a tendency toward smaller disparities, except in Eastern Europe. This observation fits with expectations based on gender theories. However, variation across countries also seems to be driven by factors other than gender equality.

scholarly journals GENETIC ANALYSIS OF CHROMOMERE 3D4 IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER: THE DUNCE AND SPERM-AMOTILE GENES

Genetics ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-596
Author(s):  
Helen K Salz ◽  
Ronald L Davis ◽  
John A Kiger
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Female Fertility ◽  
Phosphodiesterase Activity ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Chromosomal Break ◽  
Gene Maps

ABSTRACT Both male and female Drosophila that are homozygous deficient for chromomere 3D4 are viable but sterile and lack detectable cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase activity. Two genes have been localized to this region: spermamotile (sam) and dunce (dnc). The sperm-amotile gene is required for male fertility, and the dunce gene is required for normal learning, female fertility, and cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase activity. The sperm-amotile gene maps 0.24 map units to the left of dunce. The expression of the dunce gene seems to be affected by a chromosomal break to the left of sperm-amotile. The fertility of dunce females varies according to changes in the genetic background and the presence or absence of an X-linked suppressor.

STUDIES ON RUBUS VIRUS DISEASES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA: IX. RINGSPOT DISEASE OF RED RASPBERRY

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 905-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Stace-Smith
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Cross Protection ◽  
Ringspot Virus ◽  
Mechanical Transmission ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Tomato Ringspot Virus ◽  
First Time

A virus disease of red raspberry that has been known in Oregon and Washington for several years was observed for the first time in British Columbia in 1961. The disease is characterized by chlorotic blotches, ringspot, or oak leaf markings, or a net-like chlorosis along the smaller veins of the leaves on the young canes. The virus nature of the disease was demonstrated by mechanical transmission from raspberry leaves to herbaceous plants. From physical properties and symptoms on a range of herbaceous hosts and peach seedlings, the virus was considered to be related to tomato ringspot virus. This relationship was confirmed by comparative host reactions and cross protection studies with known strains of tomato ringspot virus.

Impact of an Open Trellis on Canopy Growth, Light Interception, Yield, and Leaf Physiology of Red Raspberry (Rubus idaeus)

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 468b-468
Author(s):  
Stephen F. Klauer ◽  
J. Scott Cameron ◽  
Chuhe Chen
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Leaf Physiology ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Upper Third

After promising results were obtained with an open-style split trellis (two top wires) in its initial year, two new trials were established in 1997 in northwest (Lynden) and southwest (Woodland) Washington. For the split trellis, actual yields were 33% (machine-picked 1/2 season) and 17% (hand-picked) greater, respectively, for the two locations compared to the conventional trellis (one top wire). In Woodland, canes from the split trellis had 33% more berries, 55% more laterals, 69% more leaves, and 25% greater leaf area compared with the conventional trellis. Greatest enhancement of these components was in the upper third of the canopy. Laterals were also shorter in this area of the split canopy, but there was no difference in average total length of lateral/cane between trellis types. Total dry weight/cane was 22% greater in the split trellis, but component partitioning/cane was consistent between the two systems with fruit + laterals (43%) having the greatest above-ground biomass, followed by the stem (30% to 33%) and the leaves (21% to 22%). Measurement of canopy width, circumference, and light interception showed that the split-trellis canopy filled in more quickly, and was larger from preanthesis through postharvest. Light interception near the top of the split canopy was 30% greater 1 month before harvest with 98% interception near the top and middle of that canopy. There was no difference between the trellis types in leaf CO2 assimilation, spectra, or fluorescence through the fruiting season, or in total nitrogen of postharvest primocane leaves.

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