scholarly journals Unidirectional incompatibility in Drosophila simulans: inheritance, geographic variation and fitness effects.

Genetics ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
A A Hoffmann ◽  
M Turelli
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
North America ◽  
Reciprocal Cross ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Drosophila Simulans ◽  
Fitness Effects ◽  
Population Type ◽  
Population Cage ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Population Controls

Abstract In California, Drosophila simulans females from some populations (type W) produce relatively few adult progeny when crossed to males from some other populations (type R), but the productivity of the reciprocal cross is comparable to within-population controls. These two incompatibility types are widespread in North America and are also present elsewhere. Both types sometimes occur in the same population. Type R females always produce type R progeny irrespective of the father's type. However, matings between R males and females from stocks classified as type W produce type R progeny at low frequency. This suggests rare paternal transmission of the R incompatibility type, as we have found no evidence for segregation of incompatibility types in the W stocks. There is quantitative variation among type R lines for compatibility with W females, but not vice versa. Population cage studies and productivity tests suggest that deleterious side effects are associated with the type R cytoplasm.

scholarly journals Review of the Orthotrichia (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) of Florida, with descriptions of previously unknown females of three species

Zoosymposia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-230
Author(s):  
STEVEN C. HARRIS ◽  
ANDREW K. RASMUSSEN
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
The State ◽  
Males And Females

The genus Orthotrichia was last reviewed in 1961 by Kingsolver & Ross, but drawings of the males were primarily restricted to ventral views, and females of only one species was included.  The six species comprising the genus in North America are all known from Florida and extensive collecting throughout the state has allowed us to associate the females with the males.  With this paper, we provide new drawings and keys of the males and females of the Orthotrichia in Florida, which should be applicable to all of North America, and describe the females of O. curta Kingsolver & Ross, O. dentata Kingsolver & Ross, and O. instabilis Denning. 

Therapeutic Effect of Superficial Cryotherapy versus Intralesional Corticosteroids injection in Alopecia Areata

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nour El-dissouki Ibrahim ◽  
Mahira Hamdy Elsayed ◽  
Ahmed Abdel-Fattah Afify
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Alopecia Areata ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Steroid Injections ◽  
Intralesional Steroid ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Intravenous Steroids ◽  
Effects Assessment

Abstract Alopecia areata, one or more round bald patches appear suddenly, most often on the scalp. It can affect males and females at any age. It starts in childhood in about 50%, and before the age of 40 years in 80%. The exact mechanism is not yet understood. There is not yet any reliable cure for alopecia areata. Several topical treatments used for alopecia areata are reported to result in temporary improvement in some people. Their role and efficacy are unknown. Injections of triamcinolone acetonide 2.5–10 mg/ml into patchy scalp, its efficacy is temporary. Oral and pulse intravenous steroids in high dose can lead to temporary regrowth of hair. The sensitisers diphenylcyclopropenone provoke hair growth in treated areas Now, superficial cryotheray is introduced as a possible treatment for Alopecia Areata. With minimial side effects and being less painful. So, this study clarifies the therapeutic efficacy and safety of superficial cryotherapy for treatment of patchy Alopecia areata. Aim of the study The aim of the study is to evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of Superficial Cryotherapy and Intralesional corticosteroids in the treatment of patchy Alopecia Areata. Patients and methods study included 20 patients complaining of Alopecia Areata. 3 patches of scalp alopecia areata will be randomly subjected to either superficial cryotherapy twice monthly for 3 months (3 cycles, 2-3 seconds) or intralesional steroid injections once monthly for 3 months (triaminoclone acetonide 1:7, 1ml) or intralesional saline (1 ml). Assessment for the response to treatment will be done at one month and three month following treatment by digital photography and by phototrichogram by comparing number of Terminal, and vellus and hair thickness, Also assessment for side effects of therapy will be done. Results Patients treated with TCA showed statistically significant high response compared to patients treated with cryotherapy. Also, side effects assessment showed minimal side effects with treatment with TCA compared to cryotherapy. Conclusion TCA treatment of alopecia areata is much tolerable than treatment with cryotherapy with also better response rates.

Combination Chemiotherapy with 5-(3,3 dimethyl-1-triazeno) imidazole-4-carboxamide (DTIC; NSC-45388), 1,3-bis (2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU; NSC-409962) and Vincristine (VCR; NSC - 67574) in Metastatic Malignant Melanoma

1973 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianni Beretta ◽  
Emilio Bajetta ◽  
Gianni Bonadonna ◽  
Gabriele Tancini ◽  
Sergio Orefice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Complete Remission ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Metastatic Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Bone Lesions ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Males And Females

The toxic and therapeutic effects obtained with a triple drug combination (BCNU, DTIC and VCR) administered in a cyclic fashion to 41 unselected evaluable patients with metastatic malignant melanoma are reported. Side effects were moderate and reversible. The overall regression rate was 44% without difference between males and females. Partial remission (> 50%) plus complete remission was 19.5% with an average duration of 5.1 months (1–20+). With the exclusion of bone lesions, all types of metastases showed regression especially those located in the soft tissues (lymph nodes and skin). The actuarial analysis of survival shows that responders live twice as long as non responders (median survival 12 months versus 6 months). However, the superior therapeutic efficacy of BCNU + DTIC + VCR over DTIC alone in metastatic melanoma remains to be demonstrated. A controlled study with different triple combinations is now in progress.

scholarly journals Genetic Specificity in the White Pine-Blister Rust Pathosystem

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bohun B. Kinloch ◽  
Gayle E. Dupper
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Great Basin ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
White Pine Blister Rust ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Mendelian Segregation ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Sugar Pine ◽  
Bristlecone Pine

Four of eight white pine species native to western North America surveyed for resistance to white pine blister rust by artificial inoculation showed classical hypersensitive reactions (HR) at frequencies ranging from very low to moderate. Mendelian segregation, indicating a single dominant allele for resistance (Cr3), was observed in southwestern white pine (Pinus strobiformis), as it was previously in sugar pine (P. lambertiana, Cr1) and western white pine (P. monticola, Cr2). HR was present at a relatively high frequency (19%) in one of five bulk seed lot sources of limber pine (P. flexilis), and was also presumed to be conditioned by a single gene locus, by analogy with the other three species. HR was not found in whitebark pine (P. albcaulis), Mexican white pine (P. ayacahuite), foxtail pine (P. balfouriana), or Great Basin bristlecone pine (P. longaeva), but population and sample sizes in these species may have been below the level of detection of alleles in low frequency. When challenged by (haploid) inocula from specific locations known to harbor virulence to Cr1 or Cr2, genotypes carrying these alleles and Cr3 reacted differentially, such that inoculum virulent to Cr1 was avirulent to Cr2, and inoculum virulent to Cr2 was avirulent to Cr1. Neither of these two inocula was capable of neutralizing Cr3. Although blister rust traditionally is considered an exotic disease in North America, these results, typical of classic gene-for-gene interactions, suggest that genetic memory of similar encounters in past epochs has been retained in this pathosystem.

New synonymies in the bee genus Nomada from North America (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2661 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAM DROEGE ◽  
MOLLY G. RIGHTMYER ◽  
CORY S. SHEFFIELD ◽  
SEÁN G. BRADY
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Host Associations

We provide diagnostic morphological characters to help distinguish males and females of the following species of Nomada: N. augustiana Mitchell, N. bethunei Cockerell, N. fervida Smith, N. fragariae Mitchell, N. lehighensis Cockerell, N. texana Cresson, and N. tiftonensis Cockerell. Based on morphological and DNA barcoding evidence we newly synonymize the following species: N. heligbrodtii Cresson (under N. texana), N. indusata Mitchell (under N. augustiana), N. kingstonensis Mitchell (under N. lehighensis), N. pseudops Cockerell (under N. bethunei), and N. wisconsinensis Graenicher (under N. fervida). We provide full descriptions of the female of N. fragariae and the male of N. lehighensis, both of which were not previously known, and newly designate the lectotype of N. wisconsinensis. We additionally provide comments on the distribution, flight times, and host associations for the treated species.

Baeomyia n.g. (Diptera: Tachinidae): descriptions and notes about phylogenetic and zoogeographic relationships

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 1387-1396
Author(s):  
James E. O'Hara
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Type Species ◽  
American Southwest ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Phylogenetic Data ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Relationship

Baeomyia n.g. is described for a group of small (2–3 mm long) tachinids belonging to the Siphona group of the Siphonini. All known specimens were collected in western North America, with two species recorded from southern British Columbia (Baeomyia xanthogaster n. sp. and Baeomyia juniperi n. sp.) and three species recorded from desert localities in the American Southwest (type-species Baeomyia hurdi (Reinhard), Baeomyia antennata n. sp. and Baeomyia sonorensis n. sp.). Keys to adult males and females are provided for separation of species. Systematics of the Siphonini and Siphona group are reviewed, including a discussion of the synapomorphies upon which each is defined. Baeomyia species are inferred to form a monophyletic taxon within the Siphona group on the basis of five synapomorphies, though the relationship between the genus and other Siphona group taxa is unresolved. The apparent disjunction of Baeomyia species into northern and southern ranges may be the result of relatively recent speciation events, because differences among species are slight. A detailed zoogeographic analysis of the distribution pattern must await further phylogenetic data.

scholarly journals Dynamics of the Northern Annular Mode at Weekly Time Scales

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 4569-4590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwendal Rivière ◽  
Marie Drouard
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
North America ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Northern Annular Mode ◽  
The North ◽  
Momentum Fluxes ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The North Pacific

Abstract Rapid onsets of positive and negative tropospheric northern annular mode (NAM) events during boreal winters are studied using ERA-Interim datasets. The NAM anomalies first appear in the North Pacific from low-frequency Rossby wave propagation initiated by anomalous convection in the western tropical Pacific around 2 weeks before the peak of the events. For negative NAM, the enhanced convection leads to a zonal acceleration of the Pacific jet, while for positive NAM, the reduced convection leads to a poleward-deviated jet in its exit region. The North Atlantic anomalies, which correspond to North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) anomalies, are formed in close connection with the North Pacific anomalies via downstream propagation of low-frequency planetary-scale and high-frequency synoptic waves, the latter playing a major role during the last onset week. Prior to positive NAM, the generation of synoptic waves in the North Pacific and their downstream propagation is strong. The poleward-deviated Pacific jet favors a southeastward propagation of the waves across North America and anticyclonic breaking in the North Atlantic. The associated strong poleward eddy momentum fluxes push the Atlantic jet poleward and form the positive NAO phase. Conversely, prior to negative NAM, synoptic wave propagation across North America is significantly reduced and more zonal because of the more zonally oriented Pacific jet. This, together with a strong eddy generation in the North Atlantic, leads to equatorward eddy momentum fluxes, cyclonic wave breaking, and the formation of the negative NAO phase. Even though the stratosphere may play a role in some individual cases, it is not the main driver of the composited tropospheric NAM events.

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