Olfactory Stimulation Successfully Improves Swallowing Function of Aged Rats through Activating Central Neuronal Networks and Downstream DHPR-RyR-mediated Neuromuscular Activities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yea-Tzy Chen ◽  
Li-You Chen ◽  
Ting-Yi Renn ◽  
Meng-Shan Cheng ◽  
Chi-Te Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Neuronal Networks ◽  
Neuronal Excitability ◽  
Olfactory Stimulation ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Swallowing Function ◽  
Pharyngeal Muscle ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Medullary Nuclei

Abstract Presbyphagia is age-related changes in swallowing function, which imposes a high risk of aspiration in older adults. Considering olfactory stimulation (OS) can influence behavioral activities by modulating neuronal excitability, the present study aims to determine whether OS could improve the swallowing function of aged rats through activating the central neuronal networks and downstream muscular activities participated in the control of swallowing. Aged male Wistar rats received OS by inhaling a mixture of plant-based volatile molecules twice a day for 12 days were subjected to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and c-fos, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunostaining to detect the neuronal activities of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and medullary nuclei engaged in swallowing control, respectively. The functional effects of OS on downstream pharyngeal muscle activity were examined by evaluating the dihydropyridine receptor-ryanodine receptor (DHPR-RyR) mediated intra-muscular Ca2 + expression, and analyzing the amplitude/frequency of muscle contraction, respectively. In untreated rats, only moderate signal of fMRI and mild c-fos/ChAT expression was detected in the OFC and medullary nuclei, respectively. However, following OS, intense signals of fMRI and immunostaining were clearly expressed in the orbitofronto-medullary networks. Functional data corresponded well with above findings in which OS significantly enhanced DHPR-RyR-mediated intra-muscular Ca2 + expression, effectively facilitated a larger amplitude of pharyngeal muscle contraction, and exhibited better performance in consuming larger amounts of daily dietary. As OS successfully activates the neuromuscular activities participated in the control of swallowing, applying OS may serve as an effective, easy, and safe strategy to greatly improve the swallow function of aging populations.

scholarly journals Treadmill Training Increases SIRT-1 and PGC-1αProtein Levels and AMPK Phosphorylation in Quadriceps of Middle-Aged Rats in an Intensity-Dependent Manner

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nara R. C. Oliveira ◽  
Scherolin O. Marques ◽  
Thais F. Luciano ◽  
José R. Pauli ◽  
Leandro P. Moura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Training Session ◽  
Treadmill Training ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Ampk Phosphorylation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Inflammatory Proteins

The present study investigated the effects of running at 0.8 or 1.2 km/h on inflammatory proteins (i.e., protein levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and NF-κB) and metabolic proteins (i.e., protein levels of SIRT-1 and PGC-1α, and AMPK phosphorylation) in quadriceps of rats. Male Wistar rats at 3 (young) and 18 months (middle-aged rats) of age were divided into nonexercised (NE) and exercised at 0.8 or 1.2 km/h. The rats were trained on treadmill, 50 min per day, 5 days per week, during 8 weeks. Forty-eight hours after the last training session, muscles were removed, homogenized, and analyzed using biochemical and western blot techniques. Our results showed that: (a) running at 0.8 km/h decreased the inflammatory proteins and increased the metabolic proteins compared with NE rats; (b) these responses were lower for the inflammatory proteins and higher for the metabolic proteins in young rats compared with middle-aged rats; (c) running at 1.2 km/h decreased the inflammatory proteins and increased the metabolic proteins compared with 0.8 km/h; (d) these responses were similar between young and middle-aged rats when trained at 1.2 km. In summary, the age-related increases in inflammatory proteins, and the age-related declines in metabolic proteins can be reversed and largely improved by treadmill training.

Renal Cortical Slices: An In Vitro Model for Kidney Metabolism and Toxicity

1992 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
Andrea Trevisan ◽  
Stefano Maso ◽  
Paola Meneghetti
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Organic Anion ◽  
Cortical Slice ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase Release ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Renal Cortical Slice ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Vitro Model

The in vitro renal cortical slice model was used to study: 1) the effects on the kidney of some haloalkanes and haloalkenes using 3-month-old male Wistar rats; 2) influence of age and sex on renal cortical slice indices in non-treated rats; and 3) effects of 1,2-dichloropropane on the slices after pretreatment of 3-month-old male Wistar rats with DL-butathionine-[S,R]-sulphoximine. The most nephrotoxic chemical used was 1,3-dichloropropene, which caused a total depletion in the levels of reduced glutathione, a high peroxidation of lipid (about three thousand-fold with respect to control), a significant release of tubular enzymes into the medium, and loss of organic anion ( p-aminohippurate) accumulation. All the chemicals affected the cytosol more than the brush border. The most remarkable age-related differences in the untreated slices were the progressive decrease of reduced glutathione (p<0.05 from three months of age), and an increase in lactate dehydrogenase release into the medium (p<0.05 from six months of age). By contrast, sex differences were slight. The ‘treatment with 1,2-dichloropropane of slices prepared from rats pretreated with DL-butathionine-[S,R]-sulphoximine significantly increased the depletion of glutathione content (p<0.05) and malondialdehyde release in the medium (p<0.001) caused by the solvent alone.

scholarly journals Dendranthema zawadskii var. lucidum (Nakai) J.H. Park Extract Inhibits Cellular Senescence in Human Dermal Fibroblasts and Aging-Related Inflammation in Rats

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 801
Author(s):  
Jehun Choi ◽  
Gwi-Yeong Jang ◽  
Jeonghoon Lee ◽  
Hae-Young Chung ◽  
Hyung-Jun Noh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Senescence ◽  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Dermal Fibroblast ◽  
Dermal Fibroblasts ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Dendranthema Zawadskii ◽  
Beta Galactosidase

Senescence is the phenomenon by which physiological functions of organisms degenerate with time. Cellular senescence is marked by an inhibition of cell cycle progression. Beta-galactosidase accumulates in the lysosomes of aged cells. In this study, human dermal fibroblast cells (HDFs) were treated with 0.5 μM doxorubicin for 4 h to induce cellular senescence. Senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity was then measured 72 h after treatment with aerial parts of Dendranthema zawadskii var. lucidum (Nakai) J.H. Park (DZ) extract. Treatment with DZ extract significantly decreased SA-β-gal activity in a dose-dependent manner in HDFs. Additionally, DZ extract treatment reduced age-related oxidative stress and inflammation in the aortas of aged rats. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in aortas of aged control rats were higher than those in young rats. However, DZ extract-fed aged rats showed significantly lower ROS levels than the aged control rats. When the aged rats were treated with DZ extract at either 0.2 or 1.0 mg∙kg−1∙day−1, NF-κB levels in aorta tissue decreased significantly compared to those in aorta tissue of the aged control rats without DZ treatment. In addition, DZ extract-fed aged rat aortas showed significant reductions in expression of iNOS and COX-2 induced by NF-κB translocation. Therefore, these results suggest that DZ effectively inhibited senescence-related NF-κB activation and inflammation. DZ extract may have a role in the prevention of the vascular inflammatory responses that occur during vascular aging.

scholarly journals Differences in Age-Related Alterations in Muscle Contraction Properties in Rat Tongue and Hindlimb

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 818-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine P. Connor ◽  
Fumikazu Ota ◽  
Hiromi Nagai ◽  
John A. Russell ◽  
Glen Leverson
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Rat Tongue

scholarly journals Lack of Autophagy Induction by Lithium Decreases Neuroprotective Effects in the Striatum of Aged Rats

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Angelica Jardim Costa ◽  
Adolfo Garcia Erustes ◽  
Rita Sinigaglia ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Neves Girardi ◽  
Gustavo José da Silva Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Autophagic Flux ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Striatal Slices ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Neuroprotective Strategy

The pharmacological modulation of autophagy is considered a promising neuroprotective strategy. While it has been postulated that lithium regulates this cellular process, the age-related effects have not been fully elucidated. Here, we evaluated lithium-mediated neuroprotective effects in young and aged striatum. After determining the optimal experimental conditions for inducing autophagy in loco with lithium carbonate (Li2CO3), we measured cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and oxygen consumption with rat brain striatal slices from young and aged animals. In the young striatum, Li2CO3 increased tissue viability and decreased ROS generation. These positive effects were accompanied by enhanced levels of LC3-II, LAMP 1, Ambra 1 and Beclin-1 expression. In the aged striatum, Li2CO3 reduced the autophagic flux and increased the basal oxygen consumption rate. Ultrastructural changes in the striatum of aged rats that consumed Li2CO3 for 30 days included electrondense mitochondria with disarranged cristae and reduced normal mitochondria and lysosomes area. Our data show that the striatum from younger animals benefits from lithium-mediated neuroprotection, while the striatum of older rats does not. These findings should be considered when developing neuroprotective strategies involving the induction of autophagy in aging.

scholarly journals Age-related NADPH-diaphorase positive bodies in the lumbosacral spinal cord of aged rats

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 297-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huibing Tan ◽  
Jianwen He ◽  
Songyan Wang ◽  
Kazuho Hirata ◽  
Zhengwei Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Nadph Diaphorase ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Lumbosacral Spinal Cord ◽  
Age Related

Late-onset caloric restriction alters skeletal muscle metabolism by modulating pyruvate metabolism

2015 ◽  
Vol 308 (11) ◽  
pp. E942-E949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiao-nan (Joyce) Chen ◽  
Shang-Ying Lin ◽  
Yi-Hung Liao ◽  
Zhen-jie Li ◽  
Alice May-Kuen Wong
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Mitochondrial Biogenesis ◽  
Muscle Metabolism ◽  
Muscle Loss ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Pyruvate Metabolism ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Dependent

Caloric restriction (CR) attenuates age-related muscle loss. However, the underlying mechanism responsible for this attenuation is not fully understood. This study evaluated the role of energy metabolism in the CR-induced attenuation of muscle loss. The aims of this study were twofold: 1) to evaluate the effect of CR on energy metabolism and determine its relationship with muscle mass, and 2) to determine whether the effects of CR are age dependent. Young and middle-aged rats were randomized into either 40% CR or ad libitum (AL) diet groups for 14 wk. Major energy-producing pathways in muscles, i.e., glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), were examined. We found that the effects of CR were age dependent. CR improved muscle metabolism and normalized muscle mass in middle-aged animals but not young animals. CR decreased glycolysis and increased the cellular dependency for OXPHOS vs. glycolysis in muscles of middle-aged rats, which was associated with the improvement of normalized muscle mass. The metabolic reprogramming induced by CR was related to modulation of pyruvate metabolism and increased mitochondrial biogenesis. Compared with animals fed AL, middle-aged animals with CR had lower lactate dehydrogenase A content and greater mitochondrial pyruvate carrier content. Markers of mitochondrial biogenesis, including AMPK activation levels and SIRT1 and COX-IV content, also showed increased levels. In conclusion, 14 wk of CR improved muscle metabolism and preserved muscle mass in middle-aged animals but not in young developing animals. CR-attenuated age-related muscle loss is associated with reprogramming of the metabolic pathway from glycolysis to OXPHOS.

Walnut diets up-regulate the decreased hippocampal neurogenesis and age-related cognitive dysfunction in d-galactose induced aged rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 4755-4762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei An ◽  
Yuchen Sun ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Xiaolong Huang ◽  
Rui Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Age Related

Recently, dietary intervention has been considered as a prospective strategy in delaying age-related cognitive dysfunction and brain plasticity degeneration.

Chlorpyrifos with age-dependent effects in cardiac tissue of male rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behzad Mesbahzadeh ◽  
Hossein Salarjavan ◽  
Saeed Samarghandian ◽  
Tahereh Farkhondeh
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Oxidative Modifications ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

: Age-dependent toxic effects of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) have not fully understood. Current study aimed to investigate the cardiotoxic damage of chlorpyrifos (CPF) by evaluating oxidative modifications in young (2-month old), middle-aged (10-month old), and aged (20-month old) rats. Five mg/kg of CPF was administered orally for 45 days to young, middle-aged, and aged male Wistar rats. At the end, animals were anesthetized and the heart of each rat was dissected for biochemical assay. Malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were assessed in the cardiac tissue of rats. The results indicated an increase in the levels of MDA and NO, and also a decline in the levels of GSH and TAC as well as a decrease in the SOD activity in the heart of aged rats compared with young rats. CPF administration deteriorated these changes in the heart of exposed rats compared with the age-matched controls. Additionally, these oxidative modifications were more severe in aged rats versus other age. In conclusion, advancing age may increase oxidative changes in the heart of animals exposed to CPF. It is suggested that aging can affect cardiac toxicity induced by OPs.

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