Animal protein intake is inversely associated with mortality in older adults: the InCHIANTI study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomás Meroño ◽  
Raúl Zamora-Ros ◽  
Nicole Hidalgo-Liberona ◽  
Montserrat Rabassa ◽  
Stefania Bandinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Animal Protein ◽  
Plant Protein

Abstract Background In general, plant protein intake was inversely associated with mortality in studies in middle-aged adults. Our aim was to evaluate the long-term associations of animal and plant protein intake with mortality in older adults. Methods A prospective cohort study including 1,139 community-dwelling older adults (mean age 75 years, 56% women) living in Tuscany, Italy, followed for 20 years (InCHIANTI study) was analyzed. Dietary intake by food frequency questionnaires and clinical information were assessed five times during the follow-up. Protein intakes were expressed as percentages of total energy. Time-dependent Cox regression models adjusted for confounders were used to assess the association between plant and animal protein intake, and mortality. Results During the 20-years of follow up (mean: 12y), 811 deaths occurred (292 of cardiovascular- and 151 of cancer-related causes). Animal protein intake was inversely associated with all-cause (HR per 1% of total energy from protein increase, 95%CI: 0.96, 0.93-0.99) and cardiovascular mortality (HR per 1% of total energy from protein increase, 95%CI: 0.93, 0.87-0.98). Plant protein intake showed no association with any of the mortality outcomes, but an interaction with baseline hypertension was found for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality (p<0.05). Conclusions Animal protein was inversely associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in older adults. Further studies are needed to provide recommendations on dietary protein intake for older adults.

scholarly journals Associations of Cytomegalovirus Infection With All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Multiple Observational Cohort Studies of Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sijia Chen ◽  
Graham Pawelec ◽  
Stella Trompet ◽  
David Goldeck ◽  
Laust H Mortensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
White Community

Abstract Background Whether latent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in older adults has any substantial health consequences is unclear. Here, we sought associations between CMV-seropositivity and IgG titer with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in 5 longitudinal cohorts. Methods Leiden Longevity Study, Prospective Study of Pravastatin in the Elderly at Risk, Longitudinal Study of Aging Danish Twins, and Leiden 85-plus Study were assessed at median (2.8–11.4 years) follow-up . Cox regression and random effects meta-analysis were used to estimate mortality risk dependent on CMV serostatus and/or IgG antibody titer, in quartiles after adjusting for confounders. Results CMV-seropositivity was seen in 47%–79% of 10 122 white community-dwelling adults aged 59–93 years. Of these, 3519 had died on follow-up (579 from cardiovascular disease). CMV seropositivity was not associated with all-cause (hazard ratio [HR], 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], .97–1.14) or cardiovascular mortality (HR, 0.97; 95% CI, .83–1.13). Subjects in the highest CMV IgG quartile group had increased all-cause mortality relative to CMV-seronegatives (HR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.04–1.29) but this association lost significance after adjustment for confounders (HR, 1.13; 95% CI, .99–1.29). The lack of increased mortality risk was confirmed in subanalyses. Conclusions CMV infection is not associated with all-cause or cardiovascular mortality in white community-dwelling older adults.

scholarly journals Serum Amino Acids Patterns and 4-Year Sarcopenia Risk in Community-Dwelling Chinese Older Adults

Gerontology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Suey S.Y. Yeung ◽  
Zoe L.Y. Zhu ◽  
Timothy Kwok ◽  
Jean Woo
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Dietary Protein Intake ◽  
Chinese Older Adults ◽  
Serum Amino Acids ◽  
Composite Scores

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Dietary protein intake and serum amino acids (AAs) are factors controlling the rate of muscle protein synthesis and catabolism. This study examined the association between serum AAs patterns and incident sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Chinese older adults in Hong Kong aged ≥65 years attended a health check at baseline and 4-year follow-up. At baseline, fasting blood was collected to measure 17 serum AAs. Serum AAs patterns were identified using principal component analysis. Dietary protein intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. A composite score was computed by summing the principal component score and sex-standardized protein intake. Six composite scores representing each AAs pattern were available for each participant. Sarcopenia was defined using the updated version of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. Crude and adjusted multiple logistic regressions were performed to examine the associations between each of the 6 composite scores and sarcopenia over 4 years. Results are presented as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). To address multiple testing, a Bonferroni correction was applied using a corrected significance level of <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.008 (α 0.05/6 patterns). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Data of 2,610 participants (mean age 71.6 years, 45.4% men) were available. In men, serum AAs patterns characterized by high branched-chain AAs (BCAAs) (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.69–0.87, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001) and tyrosine, tryptophan, and phenylalanine (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.71–0.89, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001) were significantly associated with a lower risk of sarcopenia over 4-year follow-up. After adjusting for confounders, the associations were no longer significant. In women, serum AAs patterns characterized by glutamine, glutamic acid, and methionine (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.11–1.47, <i>p</i> = 0.001) and arginine, taurine, and serine (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.06–1.35, <i>p</i> = 0.003) were associated with a higher risk of sarcopenia. After adjusting for confounders, serum AAs pattern characterized by high BCAAs (adjusted OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.25–1.86, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001) and arginine, taurine, and serine (adjusted OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.09–1.56, <i>p</i> = 0.004) were significantly associated with a higher risk of sarcopenia. No association between other AAs patterns with incident sarcopenia was found. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> In community-dwelling Chinese older adults, serum AAs patterns characterized by high BCAAs and nonessential AAs (arginine, taurine, and serine) were associated with a higher risk of sarcopenia in women. Findings may allow identifying new targets for interventions.

scholarly journals Trimethyllysine Predicts All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Community-Dwelling Adults and Patients With Coronary Heart Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Espen Ø Bjørnestad ◽  
Indu Dhar ◽  
Gard F T Svingen ◽  
Eva R Pedersen ◽  
Mads M Svenningsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Established Coronary Heart Disease

Abstract Aims Trimethyllysine (TML) is involved in carnitine synthesis, serves as a precursor of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and is associated with cardiovascular events in patients with established coronary heart disease (CHD). We prospectively examined circulating TML as a predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in community-dwelling adults and patients with CHD. Methods and Results By Cox regression modelling, risk associations were examined in 6393 subjects in the community-based Hordaland Health Study (HUSK). A replication study was conducted among 4117 patients with suspected stable angina pectoris in the Western Norway Coronary Angiography Cohort (WECAC). During a mean follow-up of 10.5 years in the HUSK-cohort, 884 (13.8%) subjects died, of whom 287 from cardiovascular causes. After multivariable adjustments for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, the hazard ratio (HR) (95% CI) for all-cause mortality comparing the 4th vs. 1st TML-quartile was 1.66 (1.31-2.10, p &lt; 0.001). Particularly strong associations were observed for cardiovascular mortality (HR [95% CI] 2.04 [1.32-3.15, p = 0.001]). Corresponding risk-estimates in the WECAC (mean follow-up of 9.8 years) were 1.35 [1.10-1.66, p = 0.004] for all-cause and 1.45 [1.06-1.98, p = 0.02] for cardiovascular mortality. Significant correlations between plasma TML and TMAO were observed in both cohorts (rs≥0.42, p &lt; 0.001); however, additional adjustments for TMAO did not materially influence the risk associations, and no effect modification by TMAO was found. Conclusion Elevated TML-levels were associated with increased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality both in subjects with and without established CHD.

scholarly journals All-cause mortality over a three-year period among community-dwelling older adults in Southern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Clara Ledezma Greiner de Souza ◽  
Caroline Cardozo Bortolotto ◽  
Andréa Dâmaso Bertoldi ◽  
Elaine Tomasi ◽  
Flávio Fernando Demarco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Early Death ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Daily Life Activities ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

ABSTRACT: Objective: To evaluate all-cause mortality in approximately three years of follow-up and related sociodemographic, behavioral and health factors in community-dwelling older adults in Pelotas, RS. Methods: This was a longitudinal observational study that included 1,451 older adults (≥ 60 years) who were interviewed in 2014. Information on mortality was collected from their households in 2016–2017 and confirmed with the Epidemiological Surveillance department of the city and by documents from family members. Associations between mortality and independent variables were assessed by crude and multiple Cox regression, with hazard ratio with respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results: Almost 10% (n = 145) of the participants died during an average of 2.5 years of follow-up, with a higher frequency of deaths among males (12.9%), ?80 years (25.2%), widowhood (15.0%), no education (13.8%) and who did not work (10.5%). Factors associated with higher mortality were: being a male (HR = 2.8; 95%CI 1.9 – 4.2), age ?80 years (HR = 3.9; 95%CI 2.4 – 6.2), widowhood (HR = 2.2; 95%CI 1.4 – 3.7), physical inactivity (HR = 2.3; 95%CI 1.1 – 4..6), current smoking (HR = 2.1; 95%CI 1.2 – 3.6), hospitalizations in the previous year (HR = 2.0; 95%CI 1.2 – 3.2), depressive symptoms (HR = 2.0; 95%CI 1.2 – 3,4) and dependence for two or more daily life activities (HR = 3.1; 95%CI 1,7 – 5.7). Conclusion: The identification of factors that increased the risk of early death makes it possible to improve public policies aimed at controlling the modifiable risk factors that can lead to aging with a better quality of life.

scholarly journals Animal and Plant Protein Usual Intakes Are Not Associated with Mortality in US Adults (P18-037-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanni Papanikolaou ◽  
Victor Fulgoni
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Animal Protein ◽  
Plant Protein ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Current Analysis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Abstract Objectives Previous findings have linked higher animal protein intake with an increase in overall mortality and increased risk of chronic diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD), in older adults, while some data suggest that plant protein food sources may confer health benefits. The objective of the current analysis was to examine associations between all animal protein and plant protein sources with mortality from all-causes, cancer, and CVD, using data from NHANES III. Methods Data in all adults (19–99 years-old (yrs-old); N = 17,199) and older adults (66–99 yrs-old) was linked with mortality data (Mortality N for 19–99 yrs-old = 4280; Mortality N for 66–99 yrs-old = 505), through 2006. Individual usual intakes for protein intake were estimated using the National Cancer Institute method. Results Hazard ratios (HR) models were fit for mortality types (all cause, cancer, CVD) with measures of protein intake. No associations were seen between animal protein intake and all-cause [HR = 1.01; confidence intervals (CI): 0.99–1.02; P = 0.25], cancer [HR = 1.00; CI: 0.98–1.03; P = 0.78], and CVD [HR = 1.01; CI: 0.99–1.02; P = 0.15] mortality. No associations were seen between plant protein intake and all-cause [HR = 0.99; CI: 0.97–1.01; P = 0.17], cancer [HR = 1.01 CI: 0.97–1.05; P = 0.43], and CVD [HR = 1.00; CI: 0.97–1.02; P = 0.69] mortality. Similarly, no associations were seen between animal protein intake and all-cause mortality [HR = 1.00; CI: 0.98–1.01; P = 0.38], and CVD mortality [HR = 1.00; CI: 0.99–1.02; P = 0.51] in older adults, however, a 3% reduction in cancer mortality was linked to animal protein intake [HR = 0.97; CI: 0.94–1.01; P = 0.025]. No associations were seen between plant protein intake and all-cause [HR = 1.00; CI: 0.98–1.03; P = 0.70], cancer [HR = 1.03; CI: 0.97–1.10; P = 0.22] and CVD mortality [HR = 1.01; CI: 0.97–1.04; P = 0.74] in older adults. Conclusions The current results contradict previous findings that have linked animal protein intake to various chronic diseases. Similarly, the current analysis did not link beneficial mortality outcomes with plant protein consumption. A small, but significant beneficial association was seen with animal protein intake in older US adults. Funding Sources Supported by The Beef Checkoff, through the National Cattlemen's Beef Association.

scholarly journals The association of late-life depression with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among community-dwelling older adults: systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 215 (2) ◽  
pp. 449-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingkai Wei ◽  
Ruixue Hou ◽  
Xiaotao Zhang ◽  
Huiwen Xu ◽  
Liyang Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

BackgroundLate-life depression has become an important public health problem. Available evidence suggests that late-life depression is associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among older adults living in the community, although the associations have not been comprehensively reviewed and quantified.AimTo estimate the pooled association of late-life depression with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among community-dwelling older adults.MethodWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies that examine the associations of late-life depression with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in community settings.ResultsA total of 61 prospective cohort studies from 53 cohorts with 198 589 participants were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. A total of 49 cohorts reported all-cause mortality and 15 cohorts reported cardiovascular mortality. Late-life depression was associated with increased risk of all-cause (risk ratio 1.34; 95% CI 1.27, 1.42) and cardiovascular mortality (risk ratio 1.31; 95% CI 1.20, 1.43). There was heterogeneity in results across studies and the magnitude of associations differed by age, gender, study location, follow-up duration and methods used to assess depression. The associations existed in different subgroups by age, gender, regions of studies, follow-up periods and assessment methods of late-life depression.ConclusionLate-life depression is associated with higher risk of both all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among community-dwelling elderly people. Future studies need to test the effectiveness of preventing depression among older adults as a way of reducing mortality in this population. Optimal treatment of late-life depression and its impact on mortality require further investigation.Declaration of interestNone.

scholarly journals Effect of Exercising with Others on Incident Functional Disability and All-Cause Mortality in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Five-Year Follow-Up Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 4329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuya Fujii ◽  
Keisuke Fujii ◽  
Takashi Jindo ◽  
Naruki Kitano ◽  
Jaehoon Seol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Mail Survey ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Exercise Habits ◽  
All Cause Mortality

We clarified the effect of exercising with others on the risks of incident functional disability and all-cause mortality among community-dwelling adults. We used an inventory mail survey with a five-year follow-up for 1520 independently living older adults (mean age: 73.4 ± 6.3 years) in Kasama City, Japan. Subjects responded to a self-reported questionnaire in June 2014. Exercise habits and the presence of exercise partners were assessed. Subjects were classified into three groups: Non-exercise, exercising alone, and exercising with others. Follow-up information and date of incident functional disability and death during the five-year follow-up were collected from the database. To compare the association between exercise habits and functional disability and mortality, Cox regression analysis was conducted. Compared with the non-exercise group, exercising with others had significantly lower hazard ratios (HRs) for functional disability (0.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.40–0.88) and mortality (0.40, 95% CI 0.24–0.66) in the covariate models. Compared with exercising alone, exercising with others decreased the HRs for incident functional disability (0.53, 95% CI: 0.36–0.80) and mortality (0.50, 95% CI 0.29–0.85) rates in the unadjusted model; these associations were not significant in the covariate models. Exercising with others can contribute to functional disability prevention and longevity.

scholarly journals Digitally Supported Dietary Protein Counseling Changes Dietary Protein Intake, Sources, and Distribution in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 502
Author(s):  
Jantine van den Helder ◽  
Sjors Verlaan ◽  
Michael Tieland ◽  
Jorinde Scholten ◽  
Sumit Mehra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Animal Protein ◽  
Dietary Protein Intake ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Dietary Counselling ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Digitally supported dietary counselling may be helpful in increasing the protein intake in combined exercise and nutritional interventions in community-dwelling older adults. To study the effect of this approach, 212 older adults (72.2 ± 6.3 years) were randomised in three groups: control, exercise, or exercise plus dietary counselling. The dietary counselling during the 6-month intervention was a blended approach of face-to-face contacts and videoconferencing, and it was discontinued for a 6-month follow-up. Dietary protein intake, sources, product groups, resulting amino acid intake, and intake per eating occasion were assessed by a 3-day dietary record. The dietary counselling group was able to increase the protein intake by 32% at 6 months, and the intake remained 16% increased at 12 months. Protein intake mainly consisted of animal protein sources: dairy products, followed by fish and meat. This resulted in significantly more intake of essential amino acids, including leucine. The protein intake was distributed evenly over the day, resulting in more meals that reached the protein and leucine targets. Digitally supported dietary counselling was effective in increasing protein intake both per meal and per day in a lifestyle intervention in community-dwelling older adults. This was predominantly achieved by consuming more animal protein sources, particularly dairy products, and especially during breakfast and lunch.

scholarly journals Sex-and race-specific associations of protein intake with change in muscle mass and physical function in older adults: the Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-95
Author(s):  
Liset E M Elstgeest ◽  
Laura A Schaap ◽  
Martijn W Heymans ◽  
Linda M Hengeveld ◽  
Elke Naumann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
White Women ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Mobility Limitation ◽  
Health Aging

ABSTRACT Background Protein intake recommendations advise ≥0.8 g/kg body weight (BW)/d, whereas experts propose a higher intake for older adults (1.0–1.2 g/kg BW/d). It is unknown whether optimal protein intake differs by sex or race. Objectives We examined the shape of sex- and race-specific associations of dietary protein intake with 3- and 6-y changes in appendicular lean mass (aLM) and gait speed and also 6-y incidence of mobility limitation in community-dwelling older men and women. Methods We used data on men (n = 1163) and women (n = 1237) aged 70–81 y of the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study. Protein intake was assessed using an FFQ (1998–1999). aLM and gait speed were measured at baseline and at 3 and 6 y. Difficulty walking one-quarter mile or climbing stairs was measured every 6 mo over 6 y. Prospective associations were evaluated with linear and Cox regression models, comparing fit of models with and without spline functions. All analyses were stratified by sex and additionally by race. Results Mean ± SD protein intake was 0.94 ± 0.36 g/kg adjusted body weight (aBW)/d in men and 0.95 ± 0.36 g/kg aBW/d in women. There were no strong indications of nonlinear associations. In women, higher protein intake was associated with less aLM loss over 3 y (adjusted B per 0.1 g/kg aBW/d: 39.4; 95% CI: 11.6, 67.2), specifically in black women, but not over 6 y or with gait speed decline. In men, protein intake was not associated with changes in aLM and gait speed. Higher protein intake was associated with a lower risk of mobility limitation in men (adjusted HR per 1.0 g/kg aBW/d: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.34, 0.91) and women (adjusted HR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.33, 0.94), specifically white women. Conclusions Associations between protein intake and physical outcomes may vary by sex and race. Therefore, it is important to consider sex and race in future studies regarding protein needs in older adults.

scholarly journals Forgiveness Interventions for Older Adults: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1866
Author(s):  
Javier López ◽  
Maria Inés Serrano ◽  
Isabel Giménez ◽  
Cristina Noriega
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Group Treatments ◽  
Receive Treatment ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

A meta-analysis of the efficacy of forgiveness interventions in older adults was conducted. International databases (Medline, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science) were searched for studies published from 1990 to 2020 that attempted to promote forgiveness in older adults. Most intervention studies are group treatments targeted towards community-dwelling older adults. Participants in these studies are mainly women. The intervention objectives and contents vary widely and often criteria are not well-defined. Participants that received forgiveness interventions reported significantly higher levels of forgiveness than participants that did not receive treatment. Additionally, forgiveness interventions resulted in more changes in depression, stress and anger than no intervention conditions. Forgiveness treatment also enhances positive states (satisfaction with life, subjective happiness, and psychological wellbeing). The reported effects are moderate. The specific treatment model (e.g., Enright’s, Worthington’s) and format (e.g., group-based interventions and individually delivered programs) do not differentially predict better outcomes. In conclusion, future intervention studies should include more male participants and utilize a broader range of follow-up periods. Caution must be exercised because of the limited number of studies developed to date; researchers must be cautious when generalizing the results.

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