O Impacto da Homossexualidade e da Homofobia na Adolescência / The Impact of Homosexuality and Homophobia on Adolescence

O presente trabalho tem a finalidade de mostrar a urgência na resolução dos problemas contextualizados sobre a homossexualidade e a homofobia na adolescência. Uma visão da perspectiva social e familiar do adolescente homossexual e que, de alguma maneira passou ou passa por situações homofóbicas decorrentes de sua escolha e orientação sexual. No cenário brasileiro atual, nos deparamos com inúmeras violências vividas e sofridas por diferentes grupos que compreendem a diversidade sexual. Esses fatos causam mudanças sociais que impactam, sobretudo, na vida dos adolescentes que definiram sua orientação sexual no âmbito familiar e social. Nesse artigo serão expostas o conceito de homossexualidade e homofobia, o princípio da proteção e os conflitos vividos face a discriminação que perduram em tempos atuais diante deste grupo. Muitas são as mudanças que protegem e amparam as vítimas de homofobia, entretanto, ainda podemos notar alguns aspectos negativos e que existem a milhares de anos dificultando todo o processo de aceitação e identidade da homossexualidade. Faz-se necessário, a correta abordagem do tema, no que concerne o respeito, a tolerância e os direitos dos adolescentes que fazem parte da diversidade sexual. Neste contexto, o trabalho foi construído a partir de pesquisas bibliográficas.---The present work has the purpose of showing the urgency in solving the contextualized problems on homosexuality and homophobia in adolescence. A view of the social and family perspective of the homosexual adolescent and that, in some way, passed through homophobic situations due to their choice and sexual orientation. In the current Brazilian scenario, we are faced with numerous violence experienced and suffered by different groups that understand sexual diversity. These facts cause social changes that impact, above all, the lives of adolescents who defined their sexual orientation in the family and social environment. In this article will be exposed the concept of homosexuality and homophobia, the principle of protection and the conflicts experienced in the face of discrimination that persist in the present times before this group. Many are the changes that protect and support the victims of homophobia; however, we can still notice some negative aspects that have existed for thousands of years, making the whole process of acceptance and identity of homosexuality difficult. It is necessary, the correct approach of the subject, with respect to the respect, the tolerance and the rights of the adolescents that are part of the sexual diversity. In this context, the work was constructed from bibliographical research.

Older Adults and Family Perspective on Interaction with Nurses in Hospital: the Role of Mutual Understanding

Optimal nurse-patient-family interaction is required to provide effective family-centered care for hospitalized older adults and their families. This qualitative descriptive study explored nurses’ interactions with older adult patients and their family members during acute hospitalization. We used semi-structured interviews to collect data from a convenience sample of nine dyads of older adults (aged 62-85) and family members (7 children and 2 spouses) who accompanied them during an acute hospitalization in medical or surgical units. Interviews were performed via Zoom beginning in December 2020 until August 2021, 1-12 months after the hospitalization. Thematic analysis was used to inductively capture key patterns in data. Both patients and family members revealed three factors contributing to the way nurses interact with patients and families: (1) nurses’ recognition and understanding of patients’ needs for family members’ presence and participation in care; (2) nurses recognition that family members expect dedication of attention, beyond nurses’ focus on patient’s care (3) patient and family members’ recognition of the extreme workload of nursing staff. Participants described a range of informal approaches used by both nurses and families to address each other’s needs. Both patients and families emphasize the benefits and costs of nurses engaging in “exceptional” interactions with patients and families considering structural characteristics such as establishing a personal relationship or accepting family visits beyond the rules. The findings provide direction for further exploration of hospitalization structures and processes needed to support optimal nurses’ interactions with families accompanying older adults and family-centered approach training in acute care context.

Analisis Wawasan Jender Perempuan pada Perspektif Keluarga

The purpose of this research is to describe women's gender insight from a family perspective through the characterization structure in Fira Basuki's novel Atap. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods, solving problems in a study by describing or interpreting objects in the form of social phenomena or events that are revealed through expressions. Through this research, researchers can describe data from the object of research related to aspects of women's gender insight from a family perspective through the characterization structure in Fira Basuki's novel Atap. These aspects consist of aspects of socio-cultural change through the family and aspects of violence in the family from a feminist point of view. The source of data in this reseaech is the novel Atap by Fira Basuki. The data in this research were obtained from words, sentences, or expressions contained in the novel which refer to aspects of socio-cultural change through the family and aspects of family violence from a feminist point of view. The results showed that in socio-cultural changes through the family, it was found that there was still a gender bias towards justice that was obtained by women. Gender bias is also found in the female characters Kunti, Jane and Mak Umah as a result of violence in the family from a feminist point of view. Based on the problems that arise in socio-cultural relations through the family, it should be addressed wisely and directed in the form of protection. For example, legal protection is made and the public understands the existing forms of legal protection.

What Makes Chinese Adult Children Behave Differently during Parents’ End of Life: A Discriminant Analysis of Macao Chinese

The daily practice of filial piety (FP) is well prescribed under the traditional filial norms in the Chinese community. However, exploration of FP practices at the end of parents’ lives is limited. The current study explored the FP representation and good death preferences of Macao Chinese. A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted and discriminant analysis was used to identify possible predictors of FP representation in the context of parents’ end of life. Results showed that Macao Chinese were inclined to perform most of the filial duties in the last journey of their parents. Among 705 participants, 150 (21.3%) tended to practice authoritarian FP, and 555 (78.7%) tended to practice reciprocal FP. Age, education, religion, and good death preferences were identified as predictors of different FP representation groups. The findings could help clinicians to obtain a preliminary perception of FP representation of Chinese patients and to determine the appropriate approach for end-of-life care from a family perspective.

Goal-Concordant Care After Severe Acute Brain Injury

Background: Patients with severe acute brain injury (SABI) lack decision-making capacity, calling on families and clinicians to make goal-concordant decisions, aligning treatment with patient's presumed goals-of-care. Using the family perspective, this study aimed to (1) compare patient's goals-of-care with the care they were receiving in the acute setting, (2) identify patient and family characteristics associated with goal-concordant care, and (3) assess goals-of-care 6 months after SABI.Methods: Our cohort included patients with SABI in our Neuro-ICU and a Glasgow Coma Scale Score <12 after day 2. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were collected through surveys and chart review. At enrollment and again at 6 months, each family was asked if the patient would prefer medical care focused on extending life vs. care focused on comfort and quality of life, and what care the patient is currently receiving. We used multivariate regression to examine the characteristics associated with (a) prioritized goals (comfort/extending life/unsure) and (b) goal concordance.Results: Among 214 patients, families reported patients' goals-of-care to be extending life in 118 cases (55%), comfort in 71 (33%), and unsure for 25 (12%), while care received focused on extending life in 165 cases (77%), on comfort in 23 (11%) and families were unsure in 16 (7%). In a nominal regression model, prioritizing comfort over extending life was significantly associated with being non-Hispanic White and having worse clinical severity. Most patients who prioritized extending life were receiving family-reported goal-concordant care (88%, 104/118), while most of those who prioritized comfort were receiving goal-discordant care (73%, 52/71). The only independent association for goal concordance was having a presumed goal of extending life at enrollment (OR 23.62, 95% CI 10.19–54.77). Among survivors at 6 months, 1 in 4 family members were unsure about the patient's goals-of-care.Conclusion: A substantial proportion of patients are receiving unwanted aggressive care in the acute setting after SABI. In the first days, such aggressive care might be justified by prognostic uncertainty. The high rate of families unsure of patient's goals-of-care at 6 months suggests an important need for periodic re-evaluation of prognosis and goals-of-care in the post-acute setting.

Autonomous Vehicles, Children’s Mobility, And Family Perspective

This paper presents the current knowledge on ridership scenarios for autonomous vehicles and shuttles within the context of children’s mobility. Perspectives from parents, caregivers, and schools provide a unique use case that needs further attention from vehicle manufacturers and policy regulatory agencies. Social benefits of and barriers to adoption, willingness, and acceptance as well as hypothetical use scenarios are discussed from a family mobility perspective. Relevant accounts from other forms of automation are presented in parallel to highlight the challenges and opportunities for using autonomous and automated vehicles to enhance parent-child mobility practice. Future research opportunities are discussed to highlight the need to better understand barriers to adoption from parent, family, and school perspectives as well as potential practical contributions and real-world implications.

Nursing Qualifications needed in Municipal Emergency Inpatient Units. A qualitative study

Background: Providing care to older individuals with complex needs and patients with chronic illness is a concern worldwide. In Norway, this situation led to the transfer of responsibility for care and treatment to the districts. Providing emergency care at the municipal level – thereby reducing the need for emergency hospital admissions – is part of the Coordination Reform in Norway. This reform from 2012 warrants a reconsideration of which nursing qualifications are needed in the municipalities.The aim of the study is to explore which professional qualifications nurses need to provide emergency care in municipal emergency inpatient units. A qualitative design with a hermeneutic approach was employed. Interviewing physicians about nursing qualifications may be considered inappropriate. We believe that this is important for developing knowledge that can strengthen interprofessional cooperation in emergency situations. Three focus groups were conducted. Physicians with experience in municipal emergency inpatient units were interviewed.Results: The physicians highlighted broad medical knowledge, clinical judgement, skills in treatment management and communication, a holistic understanding, and continuous learning as relevant professional qualifications for nurses in municipal emergency inpatient units. Taking a holistic approach requires ethical judgement and teamwork. Interpersonal skills and adopting a family perspective were considered important in facilitating care in municipal emergency inpatient units.Conclusions: Nurses have a considerable responsibility to work independently and safely in a setting where both the patient and the patient’s family play important roles. Nurses should adopt a family perspective when managing patients in municipal emergency inpatient units. Nursing education should prepare students to treat patients with complex needs and chronic illnesses. This requires an emphasis on broad medical knowledge, clinical judgement, and skills in communication, treatment management and continuous learning.