Are Different Diseases in Old Age Connected With Different Attitudes Toward Own Aging and Subjective Age?

Abstract Subjective views on aging (VoA; e.g., subjective age, attitude toward own aging “ATOA”) are regarded as important biopsychosocial markers of aging but their antecedents are not entirely clear. Besides general risk factors (depression, cognition, activities of daily living), we compared multiple disease groups to establish connections between specific morbidities and risk for negative VoA. Data was drawn from the ActiFE-Ulm study for which a representative sample of community-dwelling older people (65-90 years) was recruited. Follow-ups were conducted 7.7 years (median) after recruitment (T2; N=526). Self-reported depression at T1 was the strongest general risk-factor for negative VoA at follow-up (both subjective age and ATOA). Back pain predicted negative ATOA, whereas rheumatism was associated to both negative ATOA and older subjective age. We conclude that diseases are differentially associated with VoA. Further, mental health problems such as depression seem to be of higher importance for VoA as compared to other factors.

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Fall-related efficacy is a useful and independent index to detect fall risk in Japanese community-dwelling older people: a 1-year longitudinal study

BMC Geriatrics ◽

10.1186/s12877-019-1318-5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Naoto Kamide ◽

Yoshitaka Shiba ◽

Miki Sakamoto ◽

Haruhiko Sato ◽

Akie Kawamura

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Older People ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Fall Risk ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Confounding Factors ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

Community Dwelling Older People ◽

Walking Time

Abstract Background Fall-related efficacy has been found to be associated with both falls and fall risk factors such as physical performance. The aim of the present study was to clarify whether fall-related efficacy is, independent of physical performance and other potential risk factors, associated with future falls in community-dwelling older people. Methods The study participants were 237 Japanese older people aged 65 years and over who were living independently in their community. Fall-related efficacy and physical performance were assessed at baseline using the short version of the Falls Efficacy Scale-International (short FES-I) and 5-m walking time, the Timed Up and Go Test, the 5 Times Sit to Stand Test, and grip strength. Physical performance was then again assessed at 1-year follow-up. The number of falls was obtained every 6 months for 1 year after the baseline survey. Instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), depression, fall history, current medications, medical history, and pain were also investigated as potential confounding factors that have possible associations with falls. The associations between the short FES-I, physical performance, and number of falls were analyzed using Poisson regression analysis adjusted for physical performance and potential confounding factors. Results The mean age of the participants (75.9% women) was 71.1 ± 4.6 years, and 92.8% could perform IADL independently. The total numbers of falls and fallers during the 1-year follow-up period were 70 and 42, respectively. On Poisson regression analysis adjusted for walking time and potential confounding factors, independent of physical performance, the short FES-I was found to be significantly associated with number of falls (relative risk = 1.09, p < 0.05). On the other hand, physical performance was not significantly associated with the number of falls. Conclusions The findings of the present study suggest that the short FES-I, independent of physical performance and other potential risk factors, is a useful index to detect fall risk in community-dwelling older people, and that fall-related efficacy is an important factor in terms of fall prevention.

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The Importance of Stroke as a Risk Factor of Cognitive Decline in Community Dwelling Older and Oldest peoples : The SONIC Study

10.21203/rs.2.15994/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Werayuth Srithum ◽

Mai Kabayama ◽

Yasuyuki Gondo ◽

Yukie Masui ◽

Yuya Akagi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Protective Factors ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Educational Level ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Multiple Logistic Regression ◽

History Of

Abstract Background: Cognitive impairment is a major health concern among older and oldest people.Moreover, stroke is a relevant contributor for cognitive decline and development of dementia. The study of cognitive decline focused on stroke as the important risk factor by recruiting older and oldest is still lagging behind. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the importance of stroke as a risk factor of cognitive decline during three years in community dwelling older and oldest people. Methods: This study was longitudinal study with a 3-year follow-up in Japan. The participants were 1,333community dwelling older and oldest people (70 years old = 675, 80 years old = 589, and 90 years old = 69). Data collected included basic data (age, sex, and history of stroke), vascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, atrial fibrillation, and current smoking), and social factors (educational level, frequency of going outdoors, long-term care (LTC) service used, and residential area). The Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-J) was decline of ≥ 2 points was defined as cognitive decline. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between stroke and other risk factors with cognitive decline during a 3-year follow-up. Results: The fit of the hypothesized model by multiple logistic regression showed that a history of stroke, advanced age, and greater MoCA-J score at the baseline were important risk factors, while the presence of dyslipidemia and a higher educational level were protective factors that were significantly correlated with cognitive decline during the 3-year follow-up. Conclusions: The cognitive decline after the 3-year follow-up was influenced by the history of stroke and advanced age, while greater MoCA-J score at the baseline was positively associated with subsequent 3 years cognitive decline. The protective factors were the presence of dyslipidemia and a higher educational level. Therefore, these factors are considered important and should be taken into consideration when searching for creative solutions to prevent cognitive decline after stroke in community dwelling older and oldest people.

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Do Depressive Symptoms Shape Blacks’ Perceptions of Stress Over Time?

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1901 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 573-573

Author(s):

DeAnnah Byrd ◽

Roland Thorpe ◽

Keith Whitfield

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Cognitive Aging ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Future Work ◽

The Impact ◽

Over Time ◽

Time Future

Abstract The established association between stress and depression is typically examined only in one direction and cross-sectionally. Data from the Baltimore Study of Black Aging-Patterns of Cognitive Aging was used to longitudinally examine the bi-directional relationships between (1) stress-depression and (2) depression-stress, and age as a modifier. The sample consisted of 602 community-dwelling Blacks, aged 48-92 years at baseline and 450 at follow-up 33 months later. While the stress-depression relationship was non-significant; the depression-stress was (b= 0.236, p< 0.000) and this association varied by age with the impact of baseline depression on changes in stress greatest among Blacks in their 60’s versus those in their 50’s (b= 0.257, p= 0.002), controlling for model covariates. Findings highlight the importance of depression in shaping Blacks’ perception of stress over time. Future work should continue to identify stress and mental health risk factors that contribute to poor health and health disparities in older Blacks.

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Outcomes and interventions in the elderly with and without cognitive impairment: a longitudinal study

Dementia & Neuropsychologia ◽

10.1590/1980-57642020dn14-040010 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 394-402

Author(s):

Anne Caroline Soares da Silva ◽

Juliana Hotta Ansai ◽

Natália Oiring de Castro Cezar ◽

Francisco Assis Carvalho Vale ◽

Julimara Gomes dos Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Older People ◽

Clinical Outcomes ◽

Daily Living ◽

Home Visit ◽

Geriatric Patients ◽

The Elderly ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Community Dwelling Older People

ABSTRACT. Background: Clinical follow-up studies are necessary for a better understanding of the evolution of cognitive impairment as well as the development of better assessment and intervention tools. Objective: To investigate whether older people with preserved cognition (PC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) show differences in clinical outcomes and interventions after a 32-month period. Methods: One hundred twenty-four community-dwelling older people were included and classified in one of three groups (PC, MCI and mild AD). Information on clinical outcomes (deaths, new diagnoses, falls, need for assistance or changes in routine and hospitalizations) and interventions (increased use of medication, physiotherapeutic intervention, practice of physical exercise, etc.) in the 32-month period were collected by telephone or during a home visit on a single day. Results: Ninety-five participants (35 with PC, 33 with MCI and 27 with AD) were reevaluated after 32 months. The need for assistance/changes in routine was significantly higher in the AD group, especially with regard to basic activities of daily living. Unlike the other groups, the PC group did not show “other diagnoses” (urinary incontinence, prolapse, change in vision or autoimmune disease). No significant differences were found regarding other variables. Conclusions: Older people with and without cognitive impairment exhibited differences in some clinical outcomes after 32 months, such as need for assistance or changes in their routine and new diagnoses of specific diseases. Therefore, the multidimensionality of geriatric patients should be considered when planning assessments and interventions.

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Incidence and risk factors for falls among community-dwelling elderly subjects on a 1-year follow-up: a prospective cohort study from Ernakulam, Kerala, India

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033691 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. e033691

Author(s):

Divyamol K Sasidharan ◽

Priya Vijayakumar ◽

Manu Raj ◽

Sumi Soman ◽

Libin Antony ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Activities Of Daily Living ◽

Movement Disorders ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Daily Living ◽

The Elderly ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Living Alone

ObjectivesThere is limited knowledge regarding epidemiology and risk of falls among the elderly living in low-income and middle-income countries. In this situation, the current study aims to report the incidence of falls and associated risk factors among free living elderly population from Kerala, India.DesignProspective cohort study with stratified random cluster sampling.SettingThe study location was Ernakulam, Kerala, India, and we collected information via house visits using a questionnaire. During the research, the subjects were followed up prospectively for 1 year by phone at intervals of 3 months and missing subjects were contacted by house visits.ParticipantsCommunity-dwelling elderly above 65 years of age.ResultsWe recruited a total of 1000 participants out of which a total of 201 (20.1%) subjects reported a fall during the follow-up. The incidence rate of falls was 31 (95% CI 27.7 to 34.6) per 100 person-years. Female sex (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.10, p=0.027), movement disorders including Parkinsonism (OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.00 to 5.05, p=0.048), arthritis (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.09, p=0.026), dependence in basic activities of daily living (OR, 3.49, 95% CI 2.00 to 6.09, p<0.001), not using antihypertensive medications (OR, 1.53, 95% CI 1.10 to 2.13, p=0.012), living alone during daytime (OR 3.27, 95% CI 1.59 to 6.71, p=0.001) and a history of falls in the previous year (OR, 2.25, 95% CI 1.60 to 3.15, p<0.001) predicted a fall in the following year.ConclusionsOne in five community-dwelling senior citizen fall annually and one in four who fall are prone to fall again in the following year. Interventions targeting falls among the elderly need to focus on modifiable risk factors such as living alone during daytime, movement disorders, arthritis and dependence on basic activities of daily living.

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Pain, Anxiety, and Depression in the First Two Years Following Transport-Related Major Trauma: A Population-Based, Prospective Registry Cohort Study

Pain Medicine ◽

10.1093/pm/pnz209 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 291-307 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Melita J Giummarra ◽

Pamela Simpson ◽

Belinda J Gabbe

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Major Trauma ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Population Based ◽

Health Problems ◽

Cord Injury ◽

Anxiety Depression

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to characterize the population prevalence of pain and mental health problems postinjury and to identify risk factors that could improve service delivery to optimize recovery of at-risk patients. Methods This population-based registry cohort study included 5,350 adult survivors of transport-related major trauma injuries from the Victorian State Trauma Registry. Outcome profiles were generated separately for pain and mental health outcomes using the “pain or discomfort” and “anxiety or depression” items of the EuroQol Five Dimensions Three-Level questionnaire at six, 12, and 24 months postinjury. Profiles were “resilient” (no problems at every follow-up), “recovered” (problems at six- and/or 12-month follow-up that later resolved), “worsening” (problems at 12 and/or 24 months after no problems at six and/or 12 months), and “persistent” (problems at every follow-up). Results Most participants had persistent (pain/discomfort, N = 2,171, 39.7%; anxiety/depression, N = 1,428, 26.2%) and resilient profiles (pain/discomfort, N = 1,220, 22.3%; anxiety/depression, N = 2,055, 37.7%), followed by recovered (pain/discomfort, N = 1,116, 20.4%; anxiety/depression, N = 1,025, 18.8%) and worsening profiles (pain/discomfort, N = 956, 17.5%; anxiety/depression, N = 948, 17.4%). Adjusted multinomial logistic regressions showed increased risk of problems (persistent, worsening, or resolved) vs no problems (resilient) in relation to female sex, middle age, neighborhood disadvantage, pre-injury unemployment, pre-injury disability, and spinal cord injury. People living in rural areas, motorcyclists, pedal cyclists, and people with head, chest, and abdominal injuries had lower risk of problems. Discussion Targeted interventions delivered to people with the risk factors identified may help to attenuate the severity and impact of pain and mental health problems after transport injury.

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The Importance of Stroke as a Risk Factor of Cognitive Decline in Community Dwelling Older and Oldest peoples : The SONIC Study

10.21203/rs.2.15994/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Werayuth Srithum ◽

Mai Kabayama ◽

Yasuyuki Gondo ◽

Yukie Masui ◽

Yuya Akagi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Protective Factors ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Educational Level ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Multiple Logistic Regression ◽

History Of

Abstract Background: Increasing older people make a cognitive impairment is a major health concerns among older and oldest people. Moreover, the stroke is a relevant contribution for cognitive decline and development of dementia.The study of cognitive decline focused on stroke as the important risk factor by recruiting older and oldest still lagging behind. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the importance of stroke as a risk factor of cognitive decline during three years in community dwelling older and oldest people. Methods: This study was longitudinal study with a 3-year follow-up in Japan.The participants were1,333community dwelling older and oldest people (70 years old = 675, 80 years old = 589, and 90 years old = 69). Data collected included basic data (age, sex, and history of stroke), vascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, atrial fibrillation, and current smoking), and social factors (educational level, frequency of going outdoors, long-term care (LTC) service used, and residential area). The Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-J) was decline of ≥ 2 points was defined as cognitive decline. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between stroke and other risk factors with cognitive decline during a 3-year follow-up. Results: The fit of the hypothesized model by multiple logistic regression showed that a history of stroke, advanced age, and greater MoCA-J score at the baseline were important risk factors, while the presence of dyslipidemia and a higher educational level were protective factors that were significantly correlated with cognitive decline during the 3-year follow-up. Conclusions: The cognitive decline after the 3-year follow-up was influenced by the history of stroke and advanced age, while greater MoCA-J score at the baseline was associated with decline of the score after 3-year, but it was not supposed to be risk.The protective factors were the presence of dyslipidemia and a higher educational level. Therefore, these factors are considered important and should be taken into consideration when searching for creative solutions to prevent cognitive decline after stroke in community dwelling older and oldest people.

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Age Identification in the Framework of Successful Aging. A Study of Older Finnish People

The International Journal of Aging and Human Development ◽

10.2190/6939-6w88-p2xx-guqw ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 56 (3) ◽

pp. 173-195 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Virpi Uotinen ◽

Timo Suutama ◽

Isto Ruoppila

Keyword(s):

Successful Aging ◽

Well Being ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Chronological Age ◽

Second Phase ◽

Subjective Age ◽

Age Identity ◽

Community Dwelling Older People ◽

Better Than

A person-oriented approach was used in a study of age identification among community-dwelling older people. The study was based on 8-year follow-up data; 843 persons aged 65–84 were involved in the first phase of the study, and 426 persons aged 73–92, in the second phase. Loosely, on the basis of the distinction between successful, usual, and pathological aging (Rowe & Kahn, 1987, 1997), participants were grouped according to their self-ratings of cognitive and physical functioning as “Positive,” “Negative,” and “Others.” Participants possessing at least 4 out of the 5 criteria used as indicators of successful aging in the study (no illness or injury presenting problems in daily life, no health problems imposing limitations on hobbies, self-rated cognitive functioning better than satisfactory, age-comparative functional capacity as good, and no signs of depression) were assigned to the “Positive” group. The results showed these individuals typically to have a more youthful age identity, indicated by a lower feel age and thus a lower subjective age-perception score, lower mental, physical, and look ages, and a less frequently reported sense of age weighing on them. Moreover, this group reported a higher ideal age and had a chronological age satisfaction score closer to 0, suggesting higher satisfaction with chronological age. Also a tendency to set the onset of old age later and a willingness to live to 100 years of age were features that were more characteristic of the “Positive” than the other groups. The findings, supported by multivariate analyses, were in line with those of previous variable-oriented studies on age identification, suggesting that an association exists between perceptions of personal aging and physical and psychological well-being.

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