scholarly journals Suicide Risk in Older Adulthood: Differential Pathways Based on Race

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 308-309
Author(s):  
Matthew Fullen ◽  
Mary Mize ◽  
Jihee Hong ◽  
Laura Shannonhouse ◽  
Jordan Westcott
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Interpersonal Theory ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Thwarted Belongingness ◽  
Perceived Burdensomeness ◽  
Older Adulthood ◽  
Black And White

Abstract Late-life suicide is a complex public health issue, and older adults have a higher risk threshold than the national average (Drapeau & McIntosh, 2020). Most late-life suicide research focuses on elevated risk of older white males, and less is known about risk factors among Black older adults (Joe et al., 2014). Although fewer Black older adults die by suicide than White older adults, forms of suicidality do not differ between Black and White older adults (Cohen et al., 2008). Suicide risk factors, such as psychological distress (Watkins & Johnson, 2018) and chronic pain (Bazargan et al., 2016), are prevalent among Black older adults. According to the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide (IPTS; Van Orden et al., 2016), thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness inform the development of suicidal desire. These findings have been corroborated among older adult samples, though lacking racial diversity. To better understand how the IPTS functions for older adults, and probe whether suicide risk pathways operate differently depending on race, we used data from over 400 homebound older adults residing in a U.S. metropolitan area to clarify if this suicide risk pathway is similar for Black and White older adults. Race moderated the relationship between physical and psychological pain and thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness, with pain among Black older adults having a greater impact on their sense of belonging and burdensomeness. Findings illuminate the need for culturally nuanced understandings of suicidality in older adulthood. The presenters will demonstrate these results and discuss implications for cross-cultural suicide prevention frameworks.

Personality disorder traits, risk factors, and suicide ideation among older adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1785-1794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle R. Jahn ◽  
Erin K. Poindexter ◽  
Kelly C. Cukrowicz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Thwarted Belongingness ◽  
Perceived Burdensomeness ◽  
Risk Factors For Suicide

ABSTRACTBackground:Personality disorder traits are relatively prevalent among older adults, and can be associated with complex and chronic difficulties, including suicide risk. However, there is a lack of research regarding personality disorders and suicide ideation in older adults. Depressive symptoms and hopelessness may be important to the relation between personality disorders and suicide risk. Additionally, variables from the interpersonal theory of suicide, perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness, may be critical risk factors for suicide in this population. We hypothesized that perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness, theory-based variables, would act as parallel mediators of the relation between personality disorder traits and suicide ideation, whereas depressive symptoms and hopelessness would not.Methods:The hypothesis was tested in a sample of 143 older adults recruited from a primary care setting. Participants completed self-report questionnaires of personality traits, suicide ideation, depressive symptoms, hopelessness, perceived burdensomeness, and thwarted belongingness.Results:Findings from a non-parametric bootstrapping procedure indicated that perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, and depressive symptoms mediated the relation between total personality disorder traits and suicide ideation. Hopelessness did not act as a mediator.Conclusions:These findings indicate that perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, and depressive symptoms are likely important risk factors for suicide ideation among older adults. Clinicians should be aware of these issues when assessing and treating suicide risk among older adults.

Pet Attachment and the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Jane Douglas ◽  
Mun Yee Kwan ◽  
Kathryn H. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Interpersonal Theory ◽  
Pet Ownership ◽  
Thwarted Belongingness ◽  
Perceived Burdensomeness ◽  
Attachment Avoidance ◽  
Interpersonal Theory Of Suicide ◽  
Pet Attachment ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: Pet ownership is often assumed to have mental health benefits, but the effect of pets on suicide risk has a scant literature. Method: Using the interpersonal theory of suicide, we examined the relationships between perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, overall attachment to one’s pet (quality of the relationship), pet attachment avoidance (distrustful of the relationship) or anxiety (afraid of abandonment), and suicide risk. Three hypotheses were investigated: 1) higher levels of attachment would be associated with lower suicide risk via lower levels of thwarted belongingness/perceived burdensomeness, 2) lower levels of pet attachment would be associated with higher levels of suicide risk via attachment avoidance/attachment anxiety, and 3) attachment avoidance/anxiety would be associated with higher suicide risk via thwarted belongingness/perceived burdensomeness. Undergraduates (N = 187) completed surveys and indirect effect analyses were utilized. Results: Higher overall attachment was associated with decreased attachment anxiety, which was associated with lower suicide risk. Attachment anxiety was correlated with increased suicide risk. Overall attachment, attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety were not found to indirectly affect suicide risk. Conclusions: Findings suggest that pet ownership may provide both protective and deleterious effects in a nonclinical sample.

Suicide Risk Factors Among Older Adults: Exploring Thwarted Belongingness and Perceived Burdensomeness in Relation to Personality and Self-Esteem

2018 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison Eades ◽  
Daniel L. Segal ◽  
Frederick L. Coolidge
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Multivariate Techniques ◽  
Thwarted Belongingness ◽  
Perceived Burdensomeness

The objective of this study was to explore the role of personality and self-esteem in later life within two established risk factors for suicidal ideation (SI)—Thwarted Belongingness (TB) and Perceived Burdensomeness (PB). The data about personality (i.e., Five Factor Model [FFM] and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition Personality Disorders [PD]), self-esteem, TB, PB, and SI were collected from 102 community-dwelling older adults and analyzed using bivariate and multivariate techniques. All FFM domains and most PD traits were significantly correlated with SI, TB, and PB. Furthermore, FFM and PD traits explained a significant and meaningful amount of variance of SI, TB, and PB. Self-esteem demonstrated strong negative relationships with SI, TB, and PB. Personality features and self-esteem are important associated features for SI, TB, and PB. Clinicians should consider this information when assessing and evaluating for suicidal risk among older adults. The findings also highlight the need to consider personality traits in developing prevention strategies.

scholarly journals Weight Stigma, Suicide Risk, and the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide: The Roles of Emotion Dysregulation and Eating Pathology

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Jane Douglas ◽  
Mun Yee Kwan ◽  
Kathryn H. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Weight Stigma ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Interpersonal Theory ◽  
Thwarted Belongingness ◽  
Perceived Burdensomeness ◽  
Interpersonal Theory Of Suicide ◽  
Weight Stigmatization

Objective: Using an interpersonal theory of suicide framework, we investigated the relationships between perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, weight stigmatization, emotion dysregulation, eating disorder symptoms, and suicide risk. Three hypotheses were investigated. First, we predicted a positive linear relationship between stigmatization and risk. Second, an indirect effect of stigmatization on risk via thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness was posited. Third, we hypothesized that weight stigmatization would indirectly affect suicide risk via emotion dysregulation as conditional upon disordered eating. Method: Undergraduates (N = 156) completed surveys online. Linear regressions, indirect effect analyses, and conditional process modeling were conducted to test our hypotheses. Results: Weight stigmatization was associated with suicide risk, where higher levels of stigmatization were associated with higher levels of suicide risk. Weight stigmatization indirectly affected suicide risk via perceived burdensomeness but not thwarted belongingness. Higher stigmatization was associated with higher levels of perceived burdensomeness, which was associated with higher risk. An indirect effect of weight stigmatization on suicide risk through emotional dysregulation emerged. Higher weight stigmatization was associated with higher emotional dysregulation, which was associated with higher suicide risk. Conclusions: Our findings may have clinical and public health implications for suicide prevention efforts targeting weight stigma-related risk factors.

775 The Relationship Between Sleep and Suicidal Ideation in College Students

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A301-A302
Author(s):  
Krishna Taneja ◽  
Andrew Tubbs ◽  
Fabian-Xosé Fernandez ◽  
Michael Perlis ◽  
Michael Grandner
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Interpersonal Theory ◽  
Thwarted Belongingness ◽  
Perceived Burdensomeness ◽  
Interpersonal Theory Of Suicide ◽  
Short Sleep ◽  
Sleep Control

Abstract Introduction Suicide is the second-leading cause of death for young adults and insomnia increases suicide risk. However, the data on disrupted sleep and suicidal ideation in college students is mixed, including whether disrupted sleep fits into the framework of the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide. Therefore, the present study explored how four different sleep variables influenced recent suicidal ideation in a collegiate sample. Methods Data from N=506 respondents were collected as part of the Assessing Nocturnal Sleep/Wake Effects on Risk of Suicide (ANSWERS) Survey in college students. The primary outcome, active suicidal ideation in the last 3 months, was assessed using several self-report questions derived from the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale. The predictors were weekday short sleep (≤6h; assessed by retrospective sleep diary), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) score, Brief Inventory of Sleep Control (BRISC) score, and Disturbing Dreams and Nightmares Severity Index (DDNSI) score. Binomial logistic regression models estimated the associations between suicidal ideation and sleep variables in models that were unadjusted, adjusted for age, sex, race, and ethnicity, and additionally adjusted for thwarted belongingness or perceived burdensomeness (constructs from the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide). Results A total of N=121 (23.9%) respondents endorsed suicidal ideation in the last 3 months. Individuals with suicidal ideation were in poorer health (p<0.001) and had more severe depression (p<0.001) and anxiety (p<0.001). In unadjusted models, individuals were more likely to report suicidal ideation if they had short sleep (OR 1.93 [1.23–3.05]), ISI scores of 8 or more (OR 3.01 [1.94–4.74]), and DDNSI scores of 10 or more (OR 2.66 [1.69–4.19]). Higher BRISC scores were associated with lower odds of suicidal ideation (OR 0.53 [0.41–0.68]). Adjusting for age, sex, race, ethnicity, thwarted belongingness, and perceived burdensomeness attenuated but did not eliminate any of these relationships. Conclusion Insomnia, short sleep, nightmares, and less perceived sleep control were all associated with recent suicidal ideation in college students. Moreover, these findings were generally independent of the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide. Further research is needed to understand how sleep affects suicide risk in this population, and whether sleep interventions can reduce this risk. Support (if any):

777 Sleep and non-suicidal self-injury in college students

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A302-A303
Author(s):  
Sierra Hendershot ◽  
Andrew Tubbs ◽  
Fabian-Xosé Fernandez ◽  
Michael Perlis ◽  
Michael Grandner
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Interpersonal Theory ◽  
Thwarted Belongingness ◽  
Perceived Burdensomeness ◽  
Interpersonal Theory Of Suicide ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Short Sleep ◽  
Self Injury

Abstract Introduction Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) can increase suicide risk and is highly prevalent among young adults, including college students. While there is mounting evidence that disrupted sleep increases suicide risk, it is unclear how sleep influences NSSIs. Therefore, the present study explored how sleep variables were associated with NSSIs in a college sample. Methods Data from N=506 respondents were collected as part of the Assessing Nocturnal Sleep/Wake Effects on Risk of Suicide (ANSWERS) Survey of college students. The primary outcome, lifetime NSSI, was assessed using a self-report question derived from the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale. The predictors were weekday short sleep (≤ 6h; assessed by retrospective sleep diary), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) score, Brief Inventory of Sleep Control (BRISC) score, and Disturbing Dreams and Nightmares Severity Index (DDNSI) score. Binomial logistic regression models estimated the associations between NSSI and sleep variables in models that were unadjusted, adjusted for age, sex, race, and ethnicity, and additionally adjusted for thwarted belongingness or perceived burdensomeness from the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide. Results A total of N=142 (28.1%) respondents endorsed lifetime non-suicidal self-injury. Individuals with NSSI were more likely to be female (p=0.015), in poorer health (p<0.001), and have more severe depression (p<0.001) and anxiety (p<0.001) than those without NSSI. In unadjusted models, higher BRISC scores were associated with lower odds of NSSI (OR 0.55 [0.43–0.71]), DDNSI scores of >=10 increased the odds of NSSI (OR 2.65 [1.70–4.11], and ISI scores of >=8 increased the odds of NSSI (OR 2.05 [1.38–3.08]), while short sleep was not associated with NSSI. Adjusting for age, sex, race, ethnicity, and thwarted belongingness did not eliminate any of these relationships but adjusting for perceived burdensomeness rendered the association between insomnia and NSSI non-significant. Conclusion Individuals with significant insomnia symptoms or nightmares were more likely to report a history of NSSI, while individuals with greater perceived control of sleep had lower odds of NSSI. These findings were generally independent of the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide. Further research is needed regarding the timing of NSSI (i.e., do they occur more often during nocturnal wakefulness) and whether sleep interventions can reduce the risk of NSSI. Support (if any):

scholarly journals The Developmental Context of Social Hopefulness and Suicide Risk

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 321-322
Author(s):  
Ali Molaie ◽  
Adrienne Chong ◽  
Jane Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Thwarted Belongingness ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Developmental Context ◽  
Suicide Behaviors

Abstract Social disconnectedness, or thwarted belongingness (TB) has been documented as an important risk factor for suicide across the lifespan. Perceived time left (PTL) may impact perceptions of hopelessness for social connectedness and therefore inform developmentally sensitive trajectories of suicide risk. This study examined interpersonal conditions associated with social hopelessness in younger and older adults in order to identify variables important for conceptualizing suicidality across the lifespan. We compared younger and older adults’ perceptions of social hopelessness for characters in vignettes that were depicted as having high or low TB (i.e., described as lonely or not lonely) and high or low PTL (i.e., described as being 35-years-old or 85-years-old). Additionally, we examined the relation between social hopelessness and suicide risk (using the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire—Revised). Participants included 135 younger (M = 19.32) and 69 older (M = 74.91) adults. Older adults endorsed less social hopelessness than did younger adults on the High TB/Low PTL vignette, t(102.15) = -4.88, p < 0.001, as well as the Low TB/Low PTL vignette, t(194) = -2.04, p = 0.04. Participants with higher suicide risk also endorsed higher social hopelessness on the High TB/Low PTL vignette than did participants with lower suicide risk, t(194) = -2.10, p = 0.04. Younger adults and participants with higher suicide risk across both age groups reported less optimism for characters’ future social connectedness, particularly for those portrayed as older. This study provides support for the importance of developmentally informed conceptualizations of risk factors for suicide, including social hopelessness.

Trauma-Related Shame, Sexual Assault Severity, Thwarted Belongingness, and Perceived Burdensomeness Among Female Undergraduate Survivors of Sexual Assault

Crisis ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. DeCou ◽  
Stephanie P. Kaplan ◽  
Julie Spencer ◽  
Shannon M. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychosocial Risk ◽  
Thwarted Belongingness ◽  
Female Undergraduate ◽  
Perceived Burdensomeness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract. Background and Aim: This study evaluated trauma-related shame as a mediator of the association between sexual assault severity and perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness. Method: A total of 164 female undergraduates who reported attempted or completed sexual assault completed self-report measures of sexual assault, trauma-related shame, perceived burdensomeness, and thwarted belongingness. Results: Using path analysis, trauma-related shame mediated the association between sexual assault severity and perceived burdensomeness, and between sexual assault severity and thwarted belongingness. Limitations: The findings of this study are limited by the retrospective, self-report, and cross-sectional nature of these data, and do not allow for causal inference. Conclusion: Trauma-related shame warrants additional investigation as a mechanism that explains the association between sexual assault and psychosocial risk factors for suicidal ideation and behavior.

Perceived Burdensomeness Is Key to Suicide Risk Among Older Adults

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Jahn ◽  
K. C. Cukrowicz ◽  
K. Linton ◽  
F. Prabhu
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Perceived Burdensomeness

scholarly journals Vascular lesions and functional limitations among older adults: does depression make a difference?

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1501-1509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celia F. Hybels ◽  
Carl F. Pieper ◽  
Lawrence R. Landerman ◽  
Martha E. Payne ◽  
David C. Steffens
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Cerebral White Matter ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Increased Risk

ABSTRACTBackground:The association between disability and depression is complex, with disability well established as a correlate and consequence of late life depression. Studies in community samples report that greater volumes of cerebral white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) seen on brain imaging are linked with functional impairment. These vascular changes are also associated with late life depression, but it is not known if depression is a modifier in the relationship between cerebrovascular changes and functional impairment.Methods:The study sample was 237 older adults diagnosed with major depression and 140 never depressed comparison adults, with both groups assessed at study enrollment. The dependent variable was the number of limitations in basic activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental ADLs, and mobility tasks. The independent variable was the total volume of cerebral white matter lesions or hyperintensities assessed though magnetic resonance imaging.Results:In analyses controlling for age, sex, race, high blood pressure, and cognitive status, a greater volume of WMH was positively associated with the total number of functional limitations as well as the number of mobility limitations among those older adults with late life depression but not among those never depressed, suggesting the association between WMH volume and functional status differs in the presence of late life depression.Conclusions:These findings suggest older patients with both depression and vascular risk factors may be at an increased risk for functional decline, and may benefit from management of both cerebrovascular risk factors and depression.

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