scholarly journals Chicago Older Adults’ Likelihood of Being Home Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 13-14
Author(s):  
Ellen Compernolle ◽  
Laura Finch ◽  
Louise Hawkley ◽  
Kathleen Cagney
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Staying At Home ◽  
At Home

Abstract Staying at home has particularly been emphasized for older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic, given their elevated risk of infection and complications. However, little is known about the extent to which this population is indeed spending more time at home during the pandemic, compared to before it began. The present investigation addresses this question, also examining differences by gender and race/ethnicity. We analyzed ecological momentary assessments among 98 older adults (age 65-88 in 2020) who participated in two waves of the Chicago Health and Activity Space in Real Time study. Pre-pandemic data were collected from July-October 2019, and pandemic data were collected from June-September 2020. Participants responded to smartphone “pings” (five per day for 7 days in each wave; n=1,910 and n=2,437 before and during the pandemic, respectively) by reporting their momentary location (e.g., home). Findings suggest that respondents were indeed at home more often in mid-2020 than 1 year prior. Multilevel logistic regression models revealed that net of demographics, marital and employment status, and physical health, respondents were more likely to be momentarily at home during versus before the pandemic (B=0.70, SE=0.08, p<.001). This effect was larger among women than men (B=0.50, SE=0.16, p=.002), but did not differ by race/ethnicity. Additional analyses examine whether and how the observed increased reports of being at home may be associated with increased reports of momentary loneliness across the two waves. Findings characterize where Chicago older adults are spending their time amid the pandemic and how this may relate to their well-being.

scholarly journals Sex and Race/Ethnic Disparities in Food Security and Chronic Diseases in U.S. Older Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 233372141771834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan A. Vaccaro ◽  
Fatma G. Huffman
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Minority Status ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships among sex, race/ethnicity, and food security with the likelihood of cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and lung disease for older adults. Method: Complex sample analysis by logistic regression models for chronic diseases were conducted from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 2011 to 2012 and 2013 to 2014, for N = 3,871 adults aged ≥55 years. Results: Being female with low food security was associated with lung disease and diabetes. Poverty, rather than low food security, was associated with cardiovascular diseases. Minority status was independently associated with low food security and diabetes. Discussion: Food insecurity, sex, and race/ethnicity were associated with chronic diseases in a representative sample of U.S. older adults.

Moving to a Continuing Care Retirement Community or Staying in the Community? A Comparison Between American and Israeli Older Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 1221-1229
Author(s):  
Shiri Shinan-Altman ◽  
Amber M. Gum ◽  
Liat Ayalon
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Diffusion Of Innovations ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Health ◽  
Retirement Community ◽  
Retirement Communities ◽  
Continuing Care ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Staying At Home ◽  
At Home

Using the theory of diffusion of innovations, this study examined differences between American and Israeli older adults who decided to move to continuing care retirement communities (CCRC) and American and Israeli older adults who decided to stay at home. A total of 101 American participants (52 residents, 49 nonresidents) and 154 Israeli participants (104 residents, 50 nonresidents) completed measures of attitudes toward CCRCs, well-being, limitations in daily living, health status, proximity to services, and collectivism. Americans were more likely to relocate to CCRCs compared with staying at home when they reported positive attitudes toward CCRCs, higher well-being, and poorer subjective health. Among Israelis, positive attitudes toward CCRCs, better subjective health, and higher collectivism were associated with moving to CCRCs compared with staying at home. This study has implications for facilitating older adults’ decision-making and CCRC policies, as findings point to potential sources of influence on older adults’ decision to relocate.

scholarly journals The Differential Effects of Caregiving Intensity on Overnight Hospitalization in the Previous 2 Years

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 76-76
Author(s):  
Kylie Meyer ◽  
Zachary Gassoumis ◽  
Kathleen Wilber
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
P Value ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Spousal Caregiving ◽  
Health Insurance Status ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Self Assessed Health ◽  
Retirement Study

Abstract Caregiving for a spouse is considered a major stressor many Americans will encounter during their lifetimes. Although most studies indicate caregiving is associated with experiencing diminished health outcomes, little is known about how this role affects caregivers’ use of acute health services. To understand how spousal caregiving affects the use of acute health services, we use data from the Health and Retirement Study. We apply fixed effects (FE) logistic regression models to examine odds of experiencing an overnight hospitalization in the previous two years according to caregiving status, intensity, and changes in caregiving status and intensity. Models controlled for caregiver gender, age, race, ethnicity, educational attainment, health insurance status, the number of household residents, and self-assessed health. Overall, caregivers were no more likely to experience an overnight hospitalization compared to non-caregivers (OR 0.92; CI 0.84 to 1.00; p-value=0.057). However, effects varied according to the intensity of caregiving and the time spent in this role. Compared to non-caregivers, for example, spouses who provided care to someone with no need for assistance with activities of daily living had lower odds of experiencing a hospitalization (OR 0.77; CI 0.66 to 0.89). In contrast, caregivers who provided care to someone with dementia for 4 to <6 years had 3.29 times the odds of experiencing an overnight hospitalization (CI 1.04 to 10.38; p-value=0.042). Findings indicate that, although caregivers overall appear to use acute health services about as much as non-caregivers, large differences exist between caregivers. Results emphasize the importance of recognizing diversity within caregiving experiences.

Abstract P268: Greater Cognitive Impairment Among Older Adults With Type 1 Diabetes as Compared to Non-diabetic Controls: Results From the Study of Longevity in Diabetes (SOLID)

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E Lacy ◽  
Paola Gilsanz ◽  
Chloe Eng ◽  
Michal S Beeri ◽  
Andrew J Karter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Introduction: Studies have shown poorer cognitive function in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) as compared to non-diabetic peers. However, little is known about cognitive function in older adults with T1D. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that older adults with T1D and type 2 diabetes (T2D) would have greater cognitive impairment than age, sex, race/ethnicity, and education-matched controls without diabetes. Methods: We compared baseline cognitive impairment among older adults (aged ≥60) from the Study of Longevity in Diabetes (SOLID) with T1D (n=771), T2D (=234) and no diabetes (n=253). Cognitive tests assessed three cognitive domains identified via factor analysis (language, executive function, episodic memory). All cognitive test scores were standardized and cognitive impairment was defined as 1.5 SD below the mean. In logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, education, and race/ethnicity, we examined the association between diabetes status (T1D, T2D or no diabetes) and cognition on each cognitive domain and on global cognition (average of scores on the 3 domains). Results: In adjusted regression models, compared to older adults without diabetes, those with T1D were more likely to have impaired cognitive function on the language (OR=2.13, 95% CI: 1.08, 4.17) and executive function domains (OR=2.66, 95% CI: 1.36, 5.22). No significant differences in global cognitive impairment or impairment on the episodic memory domain were observed for T1D and no significant differences on any domain were observed for T2D. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that older adults with T1D have greater cognitive impairment than their peers without diabetes; findings were specific to the language and executive function domains, with episodic memory being unaffected. No increase in cognitive impairment was observed for older adults with T2D. Additional research is needed to understand the causes and potentially modifiable factors associated with impaired cognition among older adults with T1D.

Examining the Racial Dynamic of the Victim-offender Dyad in Homicide-suicide: Does Intraracial Homicide Encourage Perpetrator Suicide?

2020 ◽  
pp. 002242782097962
Author(s):  
Gregory M. Zimmerman ◽  
Emma E. Fridel ◽  
Madison Gerdes
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Reporting System ◽  
Community Survey ◽  
Violent Death ◽  
Racial Composition ◽  
American Community Survey ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Hierarchical Logistic Regression ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Joint Contribution

Objectives: Compared to homicide-only, homicide-suicide is understudied in the criminological literature. This study investigates the victim-offender relationship—one of the most well-established correlates of homicide-suicide—from a new angle. In addition to examining the familiarity/closeness of the victim-offender relationship, this study investigates whether the racial composition (interracial versus intraracial) of the victim-offender dyad impacts the likelihood of committing suicide following homicide. Method: This study uses data on 26,858 homicide and homicide-suicide cases distributed across 3,178 places and 45 U.S. states from the National Violent Death Reporting System appended to information from the American Community Survey. Hierarchical logistic regression models examine the independent and joint contribution of: (1) the familiarity/closeness of the victim-offender relationship; and (2) the racial composition of the victim-offender dyad on homicide-suicide. Results: Killing familiar and same-race victims independently increase the odds of suicide following homicide; additionally, the odds of suicide following homicide are highest for offenders with both familiar and same-race victims. Conclusions: The findings suggest that homicide-suicide research should account for different aspects of the victim-offender relationship. Additionally, the importance of race/ethnicity extends to even the rarest of crimes.

scholarly journals Movement Behaviors and Perceived Loneliness and Sadness within Alaskan Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6866
Author(s):  
Ryan D. Burns ◽  
Yang Bai ◽  
Christopher D. Pfledderer ◽  
Timothy A. Brusseau ◽  
Wonwoo Byun
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Movement Behavior ◽  
Youth Risk Behavior Survey ◽  
Association Analyses ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Screen Use

Physical activity, screen use, and sleep are behaviors that integrate across the whole day. However, the accumulative influence of meeting recommendations for these 24-h movement behaviors on the mental health of Alaskan adolescents has not been examined. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between movement behaviors, loneliness, and sadness within Alaskan adolescents. Data were obtained from the 2019 Alaska Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). The number of adolescents participating in the 2019 Alaska YRBS was 1897. Associations between meeting recommendations for movement behaviors with loneliness and sadness were examined using weighted logistic regression models, adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and body mass index (BMI). Approximately 5.0% of the sample met recommendations for all three movement behaviors. Meeting 2 or 3 movement behavior recommendations was associated with lower odds of loneliness (odds ratio (OR) range = 0.23 to 0.44, p < 0.01). Additionally, meeting 1 to 3 movement behavior recommendations was associated with lower odds of sadness (OR range = 0.29 to 0.52, p < 0.05). Joint association analyses determined that these relationships were primarily driven by meeting the sleep recommendation for loneliness and meeting the screen use recommendation for sadness. The results support use of multiple movement-based behavior programming to attenuate feelings of loneliness and sadness within Alaskan adolescents.

scholarly journals IDENTIFYING UNMET NEED IN INFORMAL CAREGIVING: DISPARITIES BY GENDER, EMPLOYMENT STATUS, AND RACE-ETHNICITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S219-S220
Author(s):  
Steven A Cohen ◽  
Furong Xu ◽  
Marissa R Meucci ◽  
Symone Woodham ◽  
Mary L Greaney
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Informal Caregivers ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Informal Caregiving ◽  
Care Recipient ◽  
National Study ◽  
Caregiver Health ◽  
White Caregivers ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Abstract Older adults, including those with dementia and other types of cognitive decline, often report a desire to remain in their homes. Over 50 million informal caregivers in the US provide needed in-home assistance to those in need, and there are well-documented disparities in informal caregiving responsibilities by sociodemographic factors , yet little is known about “unmet need” in informal caregiving. Therefore, the study’s objective is to examine discrepancies in unmet caregiving-related need by race/ethnicity, gender, and employment status. We abstracted data about caregivers from the 2017 National Study of Caregiving and linked these data to participants in the National Health and Aging Trends Study on caregivers of older adults (n=993). Generalized linear models were used to model the discrepancies between the number of activities of daily living for which the care recipient required assistance and the number of tasks caregivers provide, by race/ethnicity, gender, and employment status, accounting for confounders and complex sampling. Care recipients whose primary informal caregivers were employed were 69% more likely than those whose informal caregivers were not employed to experience unmet caregiving need (OR 1.69, 95%CI 1.19-2.41). A similar association between employment and unmet caregiving was observed among White caregivers (OR=1.79, 95% CI 1.16-2.69), while the association was not significant among Black caregivers (p=0.228). These findings suggest potentially addressable disparities in informal caregiving duties between Black and White caregivers, and can be used to inform and develop of policies and programs designed to improve caregiver health and reduce undue strain on caregiver health and wellbeing.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Cognitive Frailty, Do Psychosocial-Related Factors Matter?

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 968
Author(s):  
Esperanza Navarro-Pardo ◽  
David Facal ◽  
María Campos-Magdaleno ◽  
Arturo X. Pereiro ◽  
Onésimo Juncos-Rabadán
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Preventive Interventions ◽  
Psychosocial Variables ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cognitive Frailty ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Affective Factors ◽  
High Prevalence

Cognitive frailty (CF) is a topic of growing interest with implications for the study of preventive interventions in aging. Nevertheless, little research has been done to assess the influence of psychosocial variables on the risk of CF. Our objectives were to estimate the prevalence of CF in a Spanish sample and to explore the influence of psychosocial variables in this prevalence. Physical frailty and cognitive, functional, psychosocial, and socio-demographic aspects were assessed in a sample of 285 participants over 60 years. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were carried out. A prevalence of 21.8% (95% CI 17.4–26.9) was established when both frail and pre-frail conditions were included, and a prevalence of 3.2% (95% CI 1.7–5.9) if only frail individuals were considered. Age, educational level, profession and psychological well-being variables significantly predicted CF. Frailty and pre-frailty are high-prevalence health conditions in older adults influenced by socio-demographic, socio-educative and affective factors.

scholarly journals NEIGHBORHOOD AGE COMPOSITION AND SELF-RATED HEALTH: FINDINGS FROM A NATIONALLY REPRESENTATIVE STUDY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S64-S64
Author(s):  
Amanda Lehning ◽  
Amanda J Lehning ◽  
Nicole Mattocks ◽  
Kyeongmo Kim ◽  
Richard J Smith
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Neighborhood Change ◽  
Age Composition ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Representative Study ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Conceptual Work

Abstract Neighborhood age composition is an understudied area. Furthermore, existing empirical and conceptual work is conflicting, with some indicating neighborhoods with more older adults are beneficial and other scholarship suggesting it can be detrimental. Using data from 7,197 older adults from the first wave (2011) of the National Health & Aging Trends Study combined with census tract data from the National Neighborhood Change Database, we examined the association between neighborhood age composition and self-rated health. Findings from logistic regression models indicate those living in neighborhoods with a growing concentration of older residents are significantly more likely to report lower self-rated health compared to those living in a neighborhood in which older adults overall are declining (β=1.51, p &lt; .05) or are becoming diluted by younger residents (β=.66, p &lt; .05). Results have implications for interventions promoting aging in place, particularly for those who may be stuck in place in age-concentrated neighborhoods.

scholarly journals Social Encounters and Mood: The Moderating Role of Narcissism

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 250-250
Author(s):  
Karen Fingerman ◽  
Shiyang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Positive Mood ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Contacts ◽  
Social Partners ◽  
Social Encounters ◽  
Ecological Momentary

Abstract Social contacts may lead to more positive and less negative emotions in late life, yet we know little about how narcissism influences such associations, and whether contacts with close and not-close social partners impact mood differently. This study examined associations between social contacts, narcissism, and mood on the within- and between- person level. Older adults aged 65 + (N = 303) completed ecological momentary assessments in which they reported social contacts and mood every 3 hours for 5 to 6 days. Older adults had higher positive mood after contacting either close or not-close social partners, but only not-close social partners reduced negative mood. Multilevel models found positive associations between average social contacts number and positive mood among people scored lower on narcissism, and positive associations between social contacts and negative mood for those who scored higher on narcissism. Findings suggest the necessity of considering interpersonal differences in interventions targeting well-being.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document