scholarly journals Do Life Course Physical Activity Profiles Reduce the Effects of Childhood Exposures on Cognition?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 29-29
Author(s):  
Monica Williams-Farrelly ◽  
Jacqui Smith
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Mail Survey ◽  
Learning Problems ◽  
Average Reference ◽  
Curve Modeling ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Retirement Study

Abstract Although physical activity throughout life is one of the most reliable predictors of healthy aging, can less consistent or favorable trajectories also improve cognition trajectories among older adults? Drawing from accumulation theories, we use longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study and Life History Mail Survey (N=9,309) to examine the early antecedents of cognitive decline and the extent to which different life course physical activity profiles can slow such a decline. Results from latent class analysis reveal seven distinct profiles: consistently low, consistently high, consistently average (reference), improvers, decliners, midlife motivators, and previously athletic “couch potatoes.” Growth curve modeling analyses show that membership in the consistently high class and midlife motivators were associated with better cognition initially and over time, with no difference between the two classes. Additionally, though poor health and learning problems in childhood were associated with worse initial cognition, physical activity does not mediate the relationship.

Major Discrimination Experiences, Education, and Genes

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 753-763
Author(s):  
Aniruddha Das
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Health And Retirement Study ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Polygenic Scores ◽  
Retirement Study

Objectives: Rather than acting as a buffer, educational attainment has a known positive linkage with major experiences of lifetime discrimination. Recently established genetic roots of education, then, may also influence such reports. The current study examined these patterns. Methods: Data were from the 2010 wave of the Health and Retirement Study. Polygenic scores indexed one’s genetic propensity for more education. Mediation analysis was through counterfactual methods. Results: Among Whites as well as Blacks, genetic antecedents of education also elevated discrimination reports. Part of this influence was channeled through education. At least among Whites, direct effects were also found. Discussion: Major discrimination experiences seem partly rooted in genes. Mechanisms are tentatively suggested. Direct genetic influences, in particular, indicate potential confounding of previously estimated linkages between discrimination and health or life course factors. Given the range of these prior results, and their implications for healthy aging, investigation of these possibilities is needed.

scholarly journals Muskuloskeletal aldring, arbejdsevne og "sundhedsbrøken"

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Møller ◽  
Susanne Reventlow
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Environment And Health ◽  
Specific Term ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Work And Health

Physical activity in leisure-time is recommended by authorities as healthy while physical activity at work is often considered to be harmful to your health. In Denmark the term ‘nedslidning’ is used to describe the gradual physical deterioration due to exposures in the work environment. This article presents a review of the literature about physical work and health, and the historical and present use of the term ‘nedslidning’ is described. Instead of using the not vey specific term ‘nedslidning’, the article suggests that the process of deterioration is seen as part of the musculoskeletal ageing process. The reader is presented to a ’life course perspective’ on the aging process and to a ‘life course perspective’ on the relationship between the physical activity in work life and the following physical function in midlife. The paper concludes with a recommendation of the use of these perspectives in future occupational research and in daily life, where professionals are working with the relationship between work environment and health.

scholarly journals Relationship between Physical Performance and Frailty Syndrome in Older Adults: The Mediating Role of Physical Activity, Sedentary Time and Body Composition

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Irene Rodríguez-Gómez ◽  
Asier Mañas ◽  
José Losa-Reyna ◽  
Luis M. Alegre ◽  
Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Index ◽  
The Relationship

The objectives were to clarify whether the relationship between physical performance and frailty was independently and jointly mediated by movement behaviors and body composition. We analyzed 871 older adults (476 women) from The Toledo Study for Healthy Aging. Skeletal muscle index (SMI) and fat index (FI) were determined using bone densitometry. Sedentary time (ST) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were assessed using accelerometry. The Frailty Trait Scale and The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) were used to evaluate frailty and physical performance, respectively. Simple and multiple mediation analyses were carried out to determine the role of movement behaviors and body composition, adjusted for potential confounders. ST and MVPA acted independently as mediators in the relationship between SPPB and frailty (0.06% for ST and 16.89% for MVPA). FI also acted as an independent mediator in the same relationship (36.47%), while the mediation role of SMI was not significant. MVPA and FI both acted jointly as mediators in this previous relationship explaining 58.15% of the model. Our data support the fact that interventions should simultaneously encourage the promotion of MVPA and strategies to decrease the FI in order to prevent or treat frailty through physical performance improvement.

scholarly journals Lung Function in Old Age and Physical Activity From Midlife to Old Age: Longitudinal Study With 24-30 Years' Follow-Up

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 457-457
Author(s):  
Ingemar Kåreholt ◽  
Liberta Mehmedi ◽  
Charlotta Nilsen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Older Age ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Late Midlife

Abstract The study investigated the role of physical activity, from midlife to older age, in relation to lung function in older age. In order to increase the understanding of the relationship between physical activity and lung function, the relationship between physical activity in midlife and physical activity in older age was also studied. Two Swedish studies based on nationally representative samples were used in this study, the Level of Living Survey, LNU, and the Swedish Panel Study of Living Conditions of the Oldest Old, SWEOLD. The participants were interviewed on three occasions; at the mean ages of 53 years, 61 years, and 81 years. The average follow-up time from the last to the first interview was 24-30 years. The results show that more physical activity in late midlife (mean age of 61 years) was associated with better lung function in older age. The association persists but attenuates when physical activity in older age was included in the analyses. There was also a strong association between physical activity in older age and better lung function in older age. Physical activity in late midlife had a positive association with physical activity in older age. This study shows the importance of physical activity in late midlife and in older ages to maintain good lung function in older ages. To invest in preventive actions in the form of physical activity are vital to be able to promote healthy aging, and should include the oldest old (76+).

scholarly journals Testing frailty, accessible housing, and changes in living arrangements using the Health and Retirement Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 622-622
Author(s):  
Bonnie Albright
Keyword(s):  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Health And Retirement Study ◽  
Physical Frailty ◽  
Frailty Phenotype ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Retirement Study

Abstract This study examined housing accessibility elements of community-dwelling older adults using the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Housing accessibility elements were tested as moderators in the relationship between prior frailty and later living arrangements. HRS physical measures were used to construct the Physical Frailty Phenotype and the Continuous Frailty Scale. The analytic method for the study was multinomial logistic regression. Latent class analysis was also used to identify housing accessibility element use-types. Study findings will be presented. Strengths and weaknesses of using the HRS to measure home accessibility and construct frailty scales will also be discussed.

scholarly journals Trajectories of Aging Among U.S. Older Adults: Mixed Evidence for a Hispanic Paradox

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 601-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wassim Tarraf ◽  
Gail A Jensen ◽  
Heather E Dillaway ◽  
Priscilla M Vásquez ◽  
Hector M González
Keyword(s):  
Latent Class ◽  
Population Heterogeneity ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Hispanic Paradox ◽  
Logit Models ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Multinomial Logit Models ◽  
Curve Modeling ◽  
Risk Ratios ◽  
Retirement Study

Abstract Objectives A well-documented paradox is that Hispanics tend to live longer than non-Hispanic Whites (NHW), despite structural disadvantages. We evaluate whether the “Hispanic paradox” extends to more comprehensive longitudinal aging classifications and examine how lifecourse factors relate to these groupings. Methods We used biennial data (1998–2014) on adults aged 65 years and older at baseline from the Health and Retirement Study. We use joint latent class discrete time and growth curve modeling to identify trajectories of aging, and multinomial logit models to determine whether U.S.-born (USB-H) and Foreign-born (FB-H) Hispanics experience healthier styles of aging than non-Hispanic Whites (NHW), and test how lifecycle factors influence this relationship. Results We identify four trajectory classes including, “cognitive unhealthy,” “high morbidity,” “nonaccelerated”, and “healthy.” Compared to NHWs, both USB-H and FB-H have higher relative risk ratios (RRR) of “cognitive unhealthy” and “high morbidity” classifications, relative to “nonaccelerated.” These patterns persist upon controlling for lifecourse factors. Both Hispanic groups, however, also have higher RRRs for “healthy” classification (vs “nonaccelerated”) upon adjusting for adult achievements and health behaviors. Discussion Controlling for lifefcourse factors USB-H and FB-H have equal or higher likelihood for “high morbidity” and “cognitive unhealthy” classifications, respectively, relative to NHWs. Yet, both groups are equally likely of being in the “healthy” group compared to NHWs. These segregations into healthy and unhealthy groups require more research and could contribute to explaining the paradoxical patterns produced when population heterogeneity is not taken into account.

scholarly journals PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN EARLY AND MIDDLE ADULTHOOD PREDICTS LATER-LIFE MEMORY TRAJECTORIES VIA HEALTH PATHWAYS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S900-S900
Author(s):  
Zarina Kraal ◽  
Laura B Zahodne
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Mail Survey ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Study Entry ◽  
Latent Growth Curves ◽  
Metabolic Equivalents ◽  
Dementia Risk

Abstract Physical inactivity measured during late-life is a modifiable risk factor for dementia, but many studies use concurrent assessments with limited longitudinal follow-up. Less is known regarding life course exposure to physical inactivity. Physical activity patterns at different ages may make independent contributions to dementia risk, which would point to multiple critical periods for intervention. Using Health and Retirement Study Life History Mail Survey data (N=4,396), latent growth curves tested whether retrospectively-reported activity in early (18-29 years) and middle (40-49 years) adulthood predicted later-life memory trajectories over 18 years (mean age at study entry = 60.56 ± 5.44; mean follow-up = 13.27 ± 4.03 years). Total metabolic equivalents were computed from reports of moderate and vigorous physical activity. Biennial memory performance was modeled from study entry (between 1996 and 2014) to 2014. Self-reported physical and mental health at study entry were modeled as independent mediators. Models were adjusted for age at study entry, sex, education, race, ethnicity, childhood socio-economic status, year of study entry, and year of mail survey enrollment. More physical activity at ages 18-29 and 40-49 were independently associated with better initial memory, but not subsequent memory change. The association between physical activity at ages 40-49 and initial memory was partially mediated by better mental and physical health. These observational results support the possibility that physical activity interventions during multiple stages of the adult life course might be effective at lowering dementia risk. In particular, mid-life physical activity may have broad effects on later mental, physical, and cognitive health.

scholarly journals Taking Up and Terminating Leisure-Time Physical Activity over the Life Course: The Role of Life Events in the Familial and Occupational Life Domains

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9809
Author(s):  
Lars Lenze ◽  
Claudia Klostermann ◽  
Markus Lamprecht ◽  
Siegfried Nagel
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Life Domains ◽  
Becoming A Mother ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Occupational Life

Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) is associated with various health-promoting effects. However, little is known about the relationship between life events and changes in LTPA over the life course, especially when multiple life events occur simultaneously. Therefore, this study examines taking up and terminating LTPA associated with life events in the familial and occupational life domains over 16 years of 16–76-year-old Swiss inhabitants (n = 1857) in a retrospective longitudinal cohort design, using a validated telephone survey and multilevel discrete-time event-history analyses. The results show that taking up LTPA was more likely when ending a relationship and retiring and less likely when becoming a parent; terminating LTPA was more likely when ending a job, starting vocational training after 30 years, a relationship ended for men, and becoming a mother with increasing age. If experiencing multiple life events simultaneously, the greater the number of life events, the more likely persons aged 45–70 years were to take up LTPA and, conversely, the more likely persons aged 15–44 years to terminate LTPA. The relationship between life events and changes in LTPA over the life course was often age dependent, especially when experiencing multiple life events simultaneously. The findings should be considered when promoting LTPA.

scholarly journals Daily physical activity changes the brain activity, functional autonomy and frailty of elderly

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e777997779
Author(s):  
Mauricio Rocha Calomeni ◽  
Vernon Furtado da Silva ◽  
Carlos Soares Pernambuco ◽  
Andrea Carmem Guimarães ◽  
Heloisa Landim Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
International System ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Daily Physical Activity ◽  
Aging Program ◽  
Functional Autonomy ◽  
Daily Physical Activities ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: In Brazil, 13% of the population is composed of people with upper than 60 years, and is estimated that this number will be 29,3% in 2050. Objective: The goal of the study was to determine the profile and correlation between the variables: brain activity, functional autonomy, and frailty of the elderly with different daily physical activity. Methodology: Were selected 60 elderly inserted on an active and healthy aging program, with different levels of daily physical activity, of both sex, age upper than 60 years, and physical and cognitive functions preserved. Were evaluated frailty, functional autonomy, and daily physical activities, besides brain activity through an electroencephalogram, using as reference the international system 10/20. Results: The results showed that the more active participants got better results in functional autonomy and frailty tests, and also had recorded more brain activity in areas related to executive functions. Conclusion: The more active participants got better punctuations in functional autonomy and frailty tests, besides also got a higher brain activity. However, although the relationship found to have a background in the scientific literature, only the correlation between the frailty and functional autonomy scores was statistically significant.

scholarly journals Lungfunktion i hög ålder och dess samband med fysisk aktivitet från medelålder upp till hög ålder

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
Liberta Mehmedi ◽  
Charlotta Nilsen ◽  
Ingemar Kåreholt
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Older Age ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Late Midlife

Studien undersöker sambandet mellan lungfunktion i hög ålder och fysisk aktivitet från medel­ålder till hög ålder, samt sambandet mellan fysisk aktivitet i medelålder och i hög ålder. Vi använder data från Levnadsnivåundersökningen, LNU, och Undersökningen om äldre personers levnadsvillkor, SWEOLD. Deltagarna intervjuades i medelålder (genomsnitt 53 år), sen medelålder (genomsnitt 61 år) och hög ålder (genomsnitt 81 år), med en uppföljningstid på 24–30 år från medel­ålder till hög ålder. Mer fysisk aktivitet i sen medelålder har ett samband med bättre lungfunktion i hög ålder. Sambandet består men blir mindre starkt när fysisk aktivitet i hög ålder inkluderas i analysmodellen. Det finns ett starkt samband mellan fysisk aktivitet i hög ålder och bättre lungfunktion i hög ålder. Fysisk aktivitet i sen medelålder har ett positivt samband med fysisk aktivitet i hög ålder. Vår studie visar vikten av fysisk aktivitet även högt upp i åldrarna för att bibehålla god lungfunktion. Insatser som främjar fysisk aktivitet är av särskild vikt för att främja ett fortsatt hälsosamt åldrande, även för de allra äldsta.   Lung function in older age and physical activity from midlife to older age – A longitudinal study with 24-30 years of follow-up The study investigated the role of physical activity, from midlife to older age, in lung function in older age. In order to increase the understanding of the relationship between physical activity and lung function, the relationship between physical activity in midlife and physical activity in older age was also studied. Two Swedish studies based on nationally representative samples were used in this study, the Level of living survey, LNU, and the Swedish panel study of living conditions of the oldest old, SWEOLD. The participants were interviewed on three occasions; at the mean ages of 53 years, 61 years, and 81 years. The average follow-up time from the last to the first interview was 24-30 years. The results show that more physical activity in late midlife (mean age of 61 years) was associated with better lung function in older age. The association persists but attenuates when physical activity in older age was included in the analyses. There was also a strong association between physical activity in older age and better lung function in older age. Physical activity in late midlife had a positive association with physical activity in older age. This study shows the importance of physical activity in late midlife and in older ages to maintain good lung function in older ages. To invest in preventive actions in the form of physical activity are vital to be able to promote healthy aging, and should include the oldest old (76+).

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