scholarly journals Delaying Health Care Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Associations With Physical and Mental Health and Preventive Care

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 456-457
Author(s):  
Felicia Wheaton ◽  
Terika Scatliffe ◽  
Matilda Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Preventative Care ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Retirement Study

Abstract Health care is important for maintaining optimal physical and mental health. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many older adults have delayed or postponed care. Data from the special midterm release of the 2020 Health and Retirement Study (HRS) were used to examine the relationship between chronic conditions and delayed care, as well as between delayed care and mental health outcomes and preventative care among Americans aged 50+ (N=3,266). Approximately 30% of respondents said yes when asked “Since March 2020, was there any time when you needed medical or dental care, but delayed getting or did not get it at all?” Of those, 55% said their provider cancelled, closed or suggested rescheduling, 28.5% decided it could wait, and 20.8% were afraid to go. Results from OLS and logistic regression, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, indicate that those with lung disease and those with a heart condition had significantly higher odds of delaying care. Delaying care was associated with significantly higher odds of poor self-rated health and feeling depressed, as well as significantly higher average hopelessness, loneliness and negative affect and significantly lower average positive affect. Surprisingly, delaying care was not associated with receiving a flu shot, cholesterol test, colonoscopy, mammogram or prostate exam in the previous two years. It is likely that the full effects of delaying health care during the pandemic have yet to be felt and there is a need to study the implications of such delays.

Religiosity and Adaptation in the Oldest-Old

1992 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley C. Courtenay ◽  
Leonard W. Poon ◽  
Peter Martin ◽  
Gloria M. Clayton ◽  
Mary Ann Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Religious Coping ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
And Coping ◽  
The Relationship

Previous research has yielded mixed results with respect to the relationship between religiosity and adaptation in older adults. Most studies show that religiosity is stable over the life span, but that religiosity may or may not be related to such factors as physical and mental health, life satisfaction, and coping. This study adds to earlier investigations by including centenarians among the sample. The preliminary results of this research project support earlier findings that religiosity does not change significantly as one ages, although there is a trend in the results that suggests otherwise. The results also indicate a significant relationship between religiosity and physical health but no significant relationship between religiosity and mental health and life satisfaction. Religiosity and coping are strongly related, and there is the suggestion that religious coping mechanisms might be more important in the oldest-old.

scholarly journals CHRONIC CONDITIONS, FUNCTIONAL LIMITATIONS, AND DEPRESSION IN OLDER ADULTS: ANALYSIS OF A LONGITUDINAL STUDY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S572-S572
Author(s):  
Jyotsana Parajuli ◽  
Diane Berish ◽  
Ying-Ling Jao
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Longitudinal Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Retirement Study

Abstract Background: Chronic conditions, functional limitations, and depression are highly prevalent in older adults. Evidence suggests the links between chronic conditions, functional limitations, and depressive symptoms separately. However, few studies have considered these three conditions together longitudinally. This study examined the longitudinal relationship between chronic conditions and depressive symptoms and evaluated the mediation effect of functional limitations on the relationship between chronic conditions and depressive symptoms in older adults. Methods: This study analyzed longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study collected in 2012 and 2014. Mediation analysis was used to examine the direct and indirect effects of chronic conditions and functional limitations measured at the year 2012 on depressive symptoms measured at the year 2014 controlling for demographics. Results: Results revealed that chronic conditions predicted depressive symptoms. Specifically, one additional chronic condition in 2012 corresponded to an increase of 0.35 in depressive symptoms in 2014 (p<.001). After adding functional limitations as a mediator, the direct effect was reduced to 0.26 and the indirect effect was .088 (p<.001). In other words, functional limitations explained approximately 25% of the direct effect of chronic diseases on depression. Discussion: Findings reveal the longitudinal impact of chronic conditions and functional limitations on depressive symptoms in older adults. Findings help identify the high-risk population of depressive symptoms and intervene early.

scholarly journals Correlates of excessive daytime sleepiness in community-dwelling older adults: an exploratory study

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 607-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Astolphi Lima ◽  
Wuber Jefferson de Souza Soares ◽  
Tereza Loffredo Bilton ◽  
Rosângela Corrêa Dias ◽  
Eduardo Ferrioll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Older People ◽  
Excessive Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) imposes a wide range of adverse health-related outcomes in older people, such as disability, which impair everyday activities and may increase the risk of fall. Few studies have explored EDS in Brazilian older people living in the community who are typically cared in primary health services. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of EDS and its sociodemographic, physical and mental health correlates among community-dwelling older adults. This is an exploratory, population-based study derived from Frailty in Brazilian Older Adults (FIBRA) study including adults aged 65 years and older. Participants with a score ≥ 11 points on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale were considered as having excessive daytime sleepiness. A structured, multidimensional questionnaire was used to investigate sociodemographic, physical and mental health, and self-rated health variables. The sample was composed of 776 older adults, of whom 21% (n = 162) presented excessive daytime sleepiness. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that EDS is associated with obesity (OR = 1.50; 95%CI 1.02 - 2.20), urinary incontinence (OR = 1.53; 95%CI 1.01 - 2.31), poor self-rated health (OR = 1.54; 95%CI 1.06 - 2.24), and depression symptoms (OR = 1.49; 95%CI 1.00 - 2.20). Our results suggest that healthcare professionals should identify older adults with EDS and implement intervention strategies to minimize the negative impact of the co-occurrence of this condition with obesity, depression and urinary incontinence over health and quality of life.

scholarly journals Dual sensory impairment among a cohort of older adults living in Ireland: A nested case-control study of the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing cohort

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Eimear Cleary ◽  
Philip McCallion ◽  
Mary McCarron
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Sensory Impairment ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Dual Sensory Impairment

Background: Little information is available on the implications of hearing loss, visual impairment and dual sensory impairment among older adults with an intellectual disability (ID) living in Ireland and this paper aims to address the health concerns associated with sensory impairment among this population.  Methods: A representative sample of 753 persons aged 40 years and older at all levels of ID and full range of residential circumstances from the Intellectual Disability Supplement to the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (IDS-TILDA) participants were matched with general older population TILDA participants on age, sex and geographic location within Ireland. Demographic data on samples included age, sex, visual impairment (yes/no), hearing impairment (yes/no) and dual sensory impairment (yes/no). For those with intellectual disability (ID) data was also gathered on level of intellectual disability, residence, needing assistance with activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living, self-rated health, loneliness, doctor’s diagnosis of endocrine disease and of dementia and doctor’s report of two or more chronic health conditions. Bivariate analysis of associations between visual, hearing and dual sensory impairment with the measures of physical and mental health was completed and logistic regression analysis to generate adjusted odds ratios for associations between sensory impairment and physical and mental health conditions. Results: As compared to the matched general population participants, in participants with ID dual sensory impairment was more often associated with poor self-rated health, limitations with two or more ADLs, loneliness and multimorbidity. People with ID were 4.4 times more likely to be multimorbid if they were visually impaired compared with an odds ratio of 2.4 in TILDA participants. Conclusion: Previous studies found significant associations between hearing and visual impairment among older populations. Analysis here also suggests the burden of sensory impairment increases both with ID and then with level of ID

scholarly journals Illness perceptions and health outcomes among community-dwelling older adults with multiple chronic conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 615-616
Author(s):  
Ayo Bankole
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Illness Perceptions ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Multiple Chronic Conditions ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Illness perceptions (IP) has been associated with self-management and health outcomes in individuals with chronic diseases such as heart disease and diabetes; however, there is less research on the relationship between IP and health outcomes in individuals with multiple chronic conditions (MCC). Older adults with MCC are more likely to experience poor outcomes such as hospitalizations and poor self-rated health yet, there is less understanding of the processes associated with these outcomes. The purpose of this study was to (1) explore the relationship between IP and self-rated health among older adults with MCC (2) explore the relationship between IP and the number of hospitalization within the past year among older adults with MCC. Understanding these relationships may be instrumental to designing targeted interventions to improve health outcomes for this population. 116 participants (ages 65-90) completed the illness perception of multimorbidity scale, modified general health subscale of the SF-36 questionnaire, and self-reported number of hospitalizations within the past year. Ordinal logistic regression was used for analysis. Older adults who reported negative IP were likely to report worse self-rated health and this relationship remained significant after controlling for age and number of chronic conditions {-0.032 (95% CI (-0.050 to 0.014) p< 0.05}. There was no significant relationship between IP and the number of hospitalization within the past year. The study results study suggest that IP is associated with self-rated health in older adults with MCC. IP may be useful to design targeted interventions to improve self-rated health in this population.

scholarly journals Using Clinical Trials as Agents of Transformation in Populations Burdened by Disparities

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 128-128
Author(s):  
Daniel Jimenez ◽  
Giyeon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Health Needs ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

Abstract Older adults from racial/ethnic backgrounds as well as those from rural areas experience a disproportionate burden of physical and mental health risk factors. Given the prevalence of comorbid physical and mental health conditions in later life, the inadequacies of current treatment approaches for averting years living with disability, the disparities in access to the health care delivery system (including mental health care), and the workforce shortages to meet the mental and physical health needs of racial/ethnic and rural populations, development and testing of innovative strategies to address these disparities are of great public health significance and have the potential to change practice. This session will illustrate how four different interventions are being used to address mental and physical health needs in Latino and rural-dwelling older adults with the goal of reducing and ultimately eliminating disparities in these populations. Particular attention will be paid to the use of non-traditional interventions (e.g. social support, health promotion, technology). Results of clinical research studies will be presented alongside clinical case presentations. This integrated focus highlights the importance of adapting research interventions to real-world clinical settings.

Catastrophic health expenditure and health-related quality of life among older adults in China

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Yalu Zhang ◽  
Qin Gao
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Catastrophic Health Expenditure ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

Abstract Older adults have more health-care needs and higher financial burdens but fewer income resources compared to other age groups in China. Meanwhile, substantial inequalities exist between rural and urban older adults in terms of welfare benefits level, access to health care, quality of care and financial resources to pay for health-care services. Using 2011–2013 panel data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study and a difference-in-differences methodology, this study examined the association between the incidence of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) and health-related quality of life among older adults in China. To distinguish the dynamic of CHE and generate rigorous estimates, we categorised the older adults into four groups: CHE entry group, non-CHE group, CHE exit group and CHE persistent group. Overall, we found that entry into CHE was associated with poorer physical and mental health for both rural and urban older adults, but this association was more consistent and robust for physical than for mental health. Exiting CHE was found to have a weak and sporadic positive association with physical and mental health across rural and urban areas. The results suggest that financial resources and social services are needed in China to support older adults who experience CHE persistently or periodically to help improve their health outcomes.

Aging in Place With a Spouse in Need: Neighborhood Cohesion and Older Adult Spouses’ Physical and Mental Health

2020 ◽  
pp. 009141502097461
Author(s):  
Kyuho Lee ◽  
Patrik Marier
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Neighborhood Cohesion ◽  
Spousal Caregiving ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Retirement Study

This study examines the association of perceived neighborhood cohesion (NC) with older adults’ health and the buffering effects of NC against the negative effects of spousal caregiving on health. Data of 3329 community-living older adults living with a spouse in need of care from the Health and Retirement Study were collected at two time-points. Multiple regression analyses were computed for each of the four health outcomes. For men, NC predicted fewer depressive symptoms and better cognition. NC buffered the negative effect of providing activities of daily living (ADL) help to the wife on cognition. For women, NC predicted fewer depressive symptoms and better cognition. NC buffered the negative effect of providing ADL help to the husband on ADL difficulties. The results accentuate the importance of residency location for older adults’ physical and mental health. The health benefits of NC may have more implications for older adults providing spousal care.

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