scholarly journals Loneliness Before and During the Covid-19 Pandemic: Associations with Chronic Illnesses and Relationship Quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 743-744
Author(s):  
Jay Kayser ◽  
Jacqui Smith
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Chronic Illnesses ◽  
The Social ◽  
Final Data ◽  
Multiple Regression Models ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Predictive Strength ◽  
Retirement Study

Abstract While self-reported loneliness generally declines after age 65, the likelihood of experiencing chronic illnesses increases. During the Covid-19 pandemic, social isolation measures have changed the social context of many people. We address three research questions: 1) What is the predictive strength of chronic illnesses, relationship quality, and their interaction on loneliness? 2) Has Covid-19 altered experienced loneliness relative to pre-pandemic? 3) Was loneliness during Covid-19 associated with the number of prior chronic illnesses in 2016? To answer these questions, we have analyzed data from participants in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) included in the early 2020 release who also completed the 2016 wave (N = 1106). On average, in 2016, these participants were age 74.64 (SD = 6.66) and reported 2.57 (SD = 1.39) chronic illnesses. In 2016, unadjusted multiple regression models revealed that chronic illnesses (β = .38) and relationship quality (β = -.41) were associated with loneliness (R2 = .28). When covariates were added, these values were attenuated but remained statistically significant. In 2020 during the pandemic, 8% of these participants reported they often felt lonely and 26% reported feeling lonelier since the start of the Covid-19 pandemic. People who had more chronic illnesses in 2016 reported feeling lonelier in 2020 as did people whose relationships were poorer quality (p < .05). Further analyses with final data from HRS are needed to confirm these trends. These findings highlight the importance of having longitudinal information to identify individuals at high risk and most likely to benefit from interventions.

scholarly journals A method to estimate the contribution of regional genetic associations to complex traits from summary association statistics

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Pare ◽  
Shihong Mao ◽  
Wei Q. Deng
Keyword(s):  
Complex Traits ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Genetic Associations ◽  
Multiple Regression Models ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Combine Information ◽  
Regional Associations ◽  
Retirement Study ◽  
Variance Explained

AbstractDespite considerable efforts, known genetic associations only explain a small fraction of predicted heritability. Regional associations combine information from multiple contiguous genetic variants and can improve variance explained at established association loci. However, regional associations are not easily amenable to estimation using summary association statistics because of sensitivity to linkage disequilibrium (LD). We now propose a novel method to estimate phenotypic variance explained by regional associations using summary statistics while accounting for LD. Our method is asymptotically equivalent to multiple regression models when no interaction or haplotype effects are present. It has multiple applications, such as ranking of genetic regions according to variance explained or comparison of variance explained by to or more regions. Using height and BMI data from the Health Retirement Study (N=7,776), we show that most genetic variance lies in a small proportion of the genome and that previously identified linkage peaks have higher than expected regional variance.

Social Isolation and Loneliness: Differences between Older Rural and Urban Manitobans

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betty Havens ◽  
Madelyn Hall ◽  
Gina Sylvestre ◽  
Tyler Jivan
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Chronic Illnesses ◽  
Living Alone ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Multiple Regression Models ◽  
Urban Adults ◽  
Age Range

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this paper was to identify predictors of social isolation and loneliness for very old rural and urban adults. With data from the 1996 Aging in Manitoba Study (N = 1,868; age range 72–104), separate multiple regression models were constructed for rural and urban sub-samples, using the life space index (LSI) to measure social isolation as one outcome, and a loneliness index created by the authors from a combination of items to measure loneliness as a second outcome. Different factors were found to predict the outcomes for the two sub-samples. The models with isolation as the outcome produced five predictors for the rural sub-sample and three for the urban sub-sample. Only living alone was the same for both groups. The models with loneliness as the outcome produced five predictors for the rural sub-sample and two for the urban sub-sample, again with only one factor in common – four or more chronic illnesses. We conclude that health and social factors are important predictors of social isolation and loneliness, and sensitivity to these factors may improve the experience of older adults.

scholarly journals Reconstructing Attitudes towards Work from Home during COVID-19: A Survey of South Korean Managers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Patrick Allen Rose ◽  
Suzana Brown
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Multiple Regression Models ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Survey Responses ◽  
Practical Implications

This article explores how after almost two years of government-imposed work from home (WFH) for the purpose of curbing the spread of COVID-19, South Korean managers’ general attitudes towards WFH may have been reconstructed and if this change influenced their expectations that WFH would persist for the long run. Before COVID-19, WFH was rare, and the country was well known for having one of the most hierarchical and rigid work cultures, with long hours at the office being the norm. The results of this study are based on survey responses from 229 South Korean managers and executives. Using means comparisons and hierarchical linear multiple regression models to answer three research questions, the present study evaluates theorized predictors of WFH take-up, general attitudes towards WFH, and the likelihood that WFH will continue post-COVID-19. The results indicate that forced WFH adoption during COVID-19 had statistically significant positive effects on the attitudes of South Korean managers and their intentions to continue working from home in the future. This study has practical implications for companies and governments that are interested in taking advantage of WFH and implementing it more permanently. It provides interesting findings on how managers from a country with minimal WFH prior to COVID-19 perceive the benefits of WFH and how they respond to its mandated adoption.

scholarly journals PENGARUH LINGKUNGAN KERJA FISIK DAN DUKUNGAN SOSIAL TERHADAP STRES KERJA PADA PERAWAT RUMAH SAKIT ISLAM (RSI) IBNU SINA PAYAKUMBUH

Jurnal Ecogen ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Fitri Rahmadia ◽  
Rini Sarianti ◽  
Yuki Fitria
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Work Stress ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Statistical Testing ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
The Social ◽  
Multiple Regression Models ◽  
Physical Work Environment

This study aims to prove and analyze the effect of physical work environment and social support on work stress on nurses of the Ibnu Sina Islamic Hospital in Payakumbuh. In this study the population was 103 nurses of the Ibnu Sina Islamic Hospital in Payakumbuh. In this study the sampling method used was total sampling. The analytical method used to prove the hypothesis is to use multiple regression models and t-statistical testing. Based on the results of testing the hypothesis it was found that the first workload had a negative and significant effect on work stress on nurses of the Ibnu Sina Islamic Hospital in Payakumbuh, while the second hypothesis was successfully proven the social support had a negative and significant effect on the work stress of Ibnu Sina Islamic Hospital in Payakumbuh. Keywords: physical work environment and social support on work stress

Impact of individual and organizational factors on job satisfaction: A comparison of multilevel models and multiple regression models using different data arrangements

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Yi Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Multiple Regression Models ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Impact

AbstractTypically most studies of individual employees perceptions of the work place adopt multiple regression models (ordinary least squares [OLS]) which ignore inherent clustering in their data. However, such an approach does not supply unbiased and accurate answers to research questions. This study intends to simulate three data alternatives – weighted, disaggregated (individual level), and aggregated (organizational level) using the OLS and multilevel models to compare the results of different research designs. To answer the research questions, the current study investigates the impact of individual and organizational factors on job satisfaction, using a 2000 USA National Partnership for Reinventing Government survey. This study presents the methodological misuse and measurement errors of the previous research and presents guidelines for future research.

scholarly journals Collinearity isn't a disease that needs curing

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Vanhove
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Multiple Regression Models ◽  
Modelling Techniques ◽  
Research Questions

Once they have learnt about the effects of collinearity on the output of multiple regression models, researchers may unduly worry about these and resort to (sometimes dubious) modelling techniques to mitigate them. I argue that, to the extent that problems occur in the presence of collinearity, they are not caused by it but rather by common mental shortcuts that researchers take when interpreting statistical models and that can also lead them astray in the absence of collinearity. Moreover, I illustrate that common strategies for dealing with collinearity only sidestep the perceived problem by biasing parameter estimates, reformulating the model in such a way that it maps onto different research questions, or both. I conclude that collinearity in itself is not a problem and that researchers should be aware of what their approaches for addressing it actually achieve.

scholarly journals Collinearity isn't a disease that needs curing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Vanhove
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Multiple Regression Models ◽  
Modelling Techniques ◽  
Research Questions

Once they have learnt about the effects of collinearity on the output of multiple regression models, researchers may unduly worry about these and resort to (sometimes dubious) modelling techniques to mitigate them. I argue that, to the extent that problems occur in the presence of collinearity, they are not caused by it but rather by common mental shortcuts that researchers take when interpreting statistical models and that can also lead them astray in the absence of collinearity. Moreover, I illustrate that common strategies for dealing with collinearity only sidestep the perceived problem by biasing parameter estimates, reformulating the model in such a way that it maps onto different research questions, or both. I conclude that collinearity in itself is not a problem and that researchers should be aware of what their approaches for addressing it actually achieve.

The SRM Approach to Family Assessment

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 216-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
William L. Cook
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Family Dynamics ◽  
Family Assessment ◽  
High Risk Behaviors ◽  
Analysis Group ◽  
The Social ◽  
Direction Of Effects

Abstract. In family systems, it is possible for one to put oneself at risk by eliciting aversive, high-risk behaviors from others ( Cook, Kenny, & Goldstein, 1991 ). Consequently, it is desirable that family assessments should clarify the direction of effects when evaluating family dynamics. In this paper a new method of family assessment will be presented that identifies bidirectional influence processes in family relationships. Based on the Social Relations Model (SRM: Kenny & La Voie, 1984 ), the SRM Family Assessment provides information about the give and take of family dynamics at three levels of analysis: group, individual, and dyad. The method will be briefly illustrated by the assessment of a family from the PIER Program, a randomized clinical trial of an intervention to prevent the onset of psychosis in high-risk young people.

Globalization, Citizenship, and Subjectivity in Self Construction

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 135-146
Author(s):  
Namita Poudel
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Social Field ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Fields ◽  
Research Questions

One of the profound questions that troubled many philosophers is– “Who am I?” where do I come from? ‘Why am I, where I am? Or “How I see myself?” and maybe more technically -What is my subjectivity? How my subjectivity is formed and transformed? My attempt, in this paper, is to look at “I”, and see how it got shaped. To understand self, this paper tries to show, how subjectivity got transformed or persisted over five generations with changing social structure and institutions. In other words, I am trying to explore self-identity. I have analyzed changing subjectivity patterns of family, and its connection with globalization. Moreover, the research tries to show the role of the Meta field in search of subjectivity based on the following research questions; how my ancestor’s subjectivity changed with social fields? Which power forced them to change their citizenship? And how my identity is shaped within the metafield? The methodology of my study is qualitative. Faced to face interview is taken with the oldest member of family and relatives. The finding of my research is the subjectivity of Namita Poudel (Me) is shaped by the meta field, my position, and practices in the social field.

Race and Sex Differences and Fear of Dying: A Test of Two Hypotheses — High Risk or Social Loss?

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Marks
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Zero Order ◽  
Fear Of Death ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Social Loss ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
The Social

A national sample of noninstitutionalized adult Americans is used to test two hypotheses and their relation to fear of death, The first hypothesis, referred to as the high risk hypothesis (i.e., groups with higher mortality rates will express more fear of death than groups with lower rates of mortality), is rejected. The second hypothesis, referred to as the social loss hypothesis, is developed and tested across six status categories—race, sex, age, religion, level of education, and health status. Zero order differences did appear for sex and race, however, these differences were eliminated with the introduction of controls. Both hypotheses are rejected.

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