Race and Sex Differences and Fear of Dying: A Test of Two Hypotheses — High Risk or Social Loss?

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Marks
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Zero Order ◽  
Fear Of Death ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Social Loss ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
The Social

A national sample of noninstitutionalized adult Americans is used to test two hypotheses and their relation to fear of death, The first hypothesis, referred to as the high risk hypothesis (i.e., groups with higher mortality rates will express more fear of death than groups with lower rates of mortality), is rejected. The second hypothesis, referred to as the social loss hypothesis, is developed and tested across six status categories—race, sex, age, religion, level of education, and health status. Zero order differences did appear for sex and race, however, these differences were eliminated with the introduction of controls. Both hypotheses are rejected.

Cross-National Studies of the Impact of Levels of Living on Economic Growth: An Example

1971 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cross National

The paper describes a study carried out at the United Nations Research Institute for Social Development to discover a few of the conditions that in six developing countries affected the linkage between certain social levels or “inputs,” such as the level of education and health and educational and health services, on the one hand, and economic growth, on the other. The conditions that were found to be important, to various degrees, and that should be considered in subsequent analysis (and policy making) of the relationships of levels of living to economic growth include the structure of production, selected aspects of the social structure, and the nature and distribution of the social characteristics themselves.

scholarly journals Dampak Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera Kendari terhadap Kondisi Sosial Ekonomi Masyarakat Nelayan di Kecamatan Abeli Kota Kendari

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Silviana Silviana ◽  
Muhammad Aswar Limi
Keyword(s):  
Social Impact ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Fishing Community ◽  
Likert Scales ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
The Social ◽  
Trading Activities ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to determine how the impact of the Kendari Sea Fisheries Port on the socio-economic conditions of the fishing community in the Abeli District. The determination of the study area was carried out by census sampling with 64 respondents. The method of data analysis uses descriptive qualitative analysis which consists of describing the facts, nature, and relationships between the phenomena encountered. Respondents' assessment of indicators measured with 5 Likert scales and the results of the Likert scale tabulation were analyzed using class intervals and interpretation in the form of a percent (%). The results of the study note that the social impact of the existence of the Kendari ocean fishery port has an influence on the level of education and health level of fishermen and their family members as well as the absence of social change and social interaction between fishing communities while the economic impact of the existence of the Kendari ocean fishery port has an influence on employment opportunities in industries that there is a PPS in Kendari, the opportunity to try with the opening of business opportunities that can become opportunities for trading activities so as to increase the income of fishermen communities.

The SRM Approach to Family Assessment

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 216-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
William L. Cook
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Family Dynamics ◽  
Family Assessment ◽  
High Risk Behaviors ◽  
Analysis Group ◽  
The Social ◽  
Direction Of Effects

Abstract. In family systems, it is possible for one to put oneself at risk by eliciting aversive, high-risk behaviors from others ( Cook, Kenny, & Goldstein, 1991 ). Consequently, it is desirable that family assessments should clarify the direction of effects when evaluating family dynamics. In this paper a new method of family assessment will be presented that identifies bidirectional influence processes in family relationships. Based on the Social Relations Model (SRM: Kenny & La Voie, 1984 ), the SRM Family Assessment provides information about the give and take of family dynamics at three levels of analysis: group, individual, and dyad. The method will be briefly illustrated by the assessment of a family from the PIER Program, a randomized clinical trial of an intervention to prevent the onset of psychosis in high-risk young people.

Socio-Economic Status of Dalits Community in Sindhuli District

Patan Pragya ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-161
Author(s):  
Bed Prasad Neupane
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Economic Condition ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Social Awareness ◽  
Service Work ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
The Social ◽  
Traditional Occupation

This study is based on Kamalamai Municipality, Sindhuli District. There are 56 households of Dalit (Damai 29 and Kami 27) in this area. The census method was used in the study where, total population is 365 from 56 households. Among them, 172 were male and 193 were female. The general objectives of this study are to identify demographic and socio-economic status of Dalits and to find out causes of deprivation of Dalits people in the community. They worked as agricultural labour and service work. Their income is less than their expenditure. Most of them are uneducated but nowadays, the level of education has increased so that their children go to school and college. Only 39 percent were literate and only 7 percent Dalits have passed SLC and +2. They give priority on arrange marriage. Youth generation doesn't like the traditional occupation and skills. They use a lot of alcohol (Jaad and Raski) in the festivals and rituals ceremony however the economic condition of Dalit is poor so many children of them are forced to dropout from schools because their parents cannot afford their education fees. The social status of the females in the Dalit community is very low than the males in the society. After the father's death all the properties is transferred to the son. The main causes for degrading status of Dalits are due to poverty, lack of education and lack of social awareness. So far, there have not been any kinds of policies and plans to uplift the Dalit community in this area.

Reflections on Death by Spiritually Mature Elders

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Eugene Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Fear Of Death ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Spatial Terms ◽  
Present Life

Beliefs and feelings about death are excerpted from interviews conducted with elderly English men and women, who were viewed as spiritually mature by those in their community. Respondents reported a wide range of beliefs about death, reflecting their personal experience, but none reported fear of death. Subtle sex differences were noted: men tended to picture death in spatial terms, of moving into a new dimension, while women tended to describe death in terms of relationships. Overall the respondents indicated that they placed a positive value on death, viewing it as a continuation of, and source of meaning for their present life.

scholarly journals Association between Hippocampal Volume and Working Memory in 10,000+ 9–10-Year-Old Children: Sex Differences

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 411
Author(s):  
Shervin Assari ◽  
Shanika Boyce ◽  
Tanja Jovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Predictor Variable ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Right

Aim: This study tested sex differences in the association between hippocampal volume and working memory of a national sample of 9–10-year-old children in the US. As the hippocampus is functionally lateralized (especially in task-related activities), we explored the results for the right and the left hippocampus. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study using the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study data. This analysis included baseline ABCD data (n = 10,093) of children between ages 9 and 10 years. The predictor variable was right and left hippocampal volume measured by structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI). The primary outcome, list sorting working memory, was measured using the NIH toolbox measure. Sex was the moderator. Age, race, ethnicity, household income, parental education, and family structure were the covariates. Results: In the overall sample, larger right (b = 0.0013; p < 0.001) and left (b = 0.0013; p < 0.001) hippocampal volumes were associated with higher children’s working memory. Sex had statistically significant interactions with the right (b = −0.0018; p = 0.001) and left (b = −0.0012; p = 0.022) hippocampal volumes on children’s working memory. These interactions indicated stronger positive associations between right and left hippocampal volume and working memory for females compared to males. Conclusion: While right and left hippocampal volumes are determinants of children’s list sorting working memory, these effects seem to be more salient for female than male children. Research is needed on the role of socialization, sex hormones, and brain functional connectivity as potential mechanisms that may explain the observed sex differences in the role of hippocampal volume as a correlate of working memory.

scholarly journals Sex differences in metabolic syndrome components in adolescent military dependents at high‐risk for adult obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Shank ◽  
M. Katy Higgins Neyland ◽  
Jason M. Lavender ◽  
Rachel Schindler ◽  
Senait Solomon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Adult Obesity ◽  
Military Dependents ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome Components

Dropouts from Higher Education: Path Analysis of a National Sample

1981 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Hazard Munro
Keyword(s):  
Path Analysis ◽  
Causal Model ◽  
National Sample ◽  
College Completion ◽  
School Class ◽  
College Dropout ◽  
National Longitudinal Study ◽  
High School Class ◽  
The Social ◽  
Positive Effect

Path analysis was used to test the Tinto model of college dropout using a sample drawn from the National Longitudinal Study of the High School Class of 1972. Through path analysis, a more parsimonious causal model was derived. Pre-college characteristics predicted college integration, but did not directly affect the dropout decisions. Factors related to the integration of the student into the college's academic setting appeared to be far more important to subsequent dropout decisions than were factors related to integration into the social setting. The commitment of the student to the goal of college completion had the strongest positive effect on the decision to remain in school.

Abstract 381: Clinical Outcomes Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Among US Hospitals

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fenton McCarthy ◽  
Katherine M McDermott ◽  
Vinay Kini ◽  
Dale Kobrin ◽  
Nimesh D Desai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Aortic Valve Replacement ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Valve Replacement ◽  
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Transcatheter Aortic Valve ◽  
Cardiovascular Interventions

Background: Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) demonstrated excellent outcomes in clinical trials of inoperable/high-risk patients. Subsequent approval by the Food and Drug Administration and National Coverage Determination by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services established unique volume requirements for institutions and physicians to perform TAVR. Diffusion of prior cardiovascular interventions has involved less stringent policies and exhibited significant institutional variation in clinical outcomes. Our objective is to compare risk-standardized procedural outcomes across US hospitals performing TAVR to identify hospitals with outlying post-procedure mortality rates. Methods: All Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries who underwent TAVR between January 1, 2011 and November 30, 2012 were identified. Thirty-day risk-standardized mortality rates (RSMR) were calculated using the Hospital Compare statistical method, a well-validated hierarchical generalized linear model. Results: Claims were examined from 5044 patients undergoing TAVR at 199 hospitals, with a crude 30-day mortality rate of 5.97%. RSMRs modeled using patient-level predictors varied from 4.5 % to 9.0 % (Figure 1). One hospital had a RSMR statistically lower than the national mean (4.5%, P<0.05), and two hospitals had RSMRs statistically higher than the national mean (8.5% and 6.9%, P<0.05). Conclusions: Clinical outcomes among TAVR hospitals in high-risk/inoperable patients demonstrated very little variability, few outliers, and excellent outcomes comparable to pre-approval clinical trials. This may be the result of the unique policy and regulatory environment governing the CMS coverage determination for TAVR institutions. As TAVR disseminates to additional hospitals and other new cardiovascular interventions are inevitably introduced, risk-standardized outcome comparisons across hospitals may facilitate ongoing surveillance to ensure high quality outcomes at all active centers.

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