scholarly journals Cognition and Subjective Age Predict Physical Activity Engagement: A Longitudinal Study of Impaired Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 785-786
Author(s):  
Claire Growney ◽  
Xianghe Zhu ◽  
Shevaun Neupert
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Subjective Age ◽  
Activity Engagement ◽  
Mental Age ◽  
Burst Data

Abstract Physical activity is an important factor in preventing or slowing cognitive decline. However, the predictors of fluctuations in physical activity in a population that is already experiencing cognitive impairment is not well understood. Subjective age, such as how old one feels, has been tied to many health indicators in cognitively intact populations. Thus, we focused on the within-person associations between subjective age and physical activity as they unfold over time within a sample of cognitively impaired participants. The current study examined 400 reports from measurement burst data consisting of 5 weekly surveys conducted twice across 6 months from 68 cognitively impaired participants (M age = 70.14 (6.63), range = 60-92). Participants completed a battery of cognitive tests at baseline. At each weekly assessment, participants reported on their physical activity (e.g., exercise, outdoor, flexibility, and strength activities; Yes/No) and subjective age with respect to how old they feel overall and how old they feel mentally. There were longitudinal decreases in physical activity across the bursts, but on occasions when participants felt younger overall or younger mentally there were increases in physical activity. In addition, the effects of mental subjective age depended on cognitive ability, with those scoring lower in cognitive ability appearing to benefit the most from decreases (feeling younger) in mental subjective age. These findings suggest that perceptions of aging, especially within the domain of mental age, are tied to physical activity engagement for older adults with cognitive impairment.

Physical activity perceptions, experiences, and beliefs of older adults with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer’s disease and their care partners

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 1216-1224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren E. Bechard ◽  
Dorcas Beaton ◽  
Katherine S. McGilton ◽  
Maria Carmela Tartaglia ◽  
Sandra E. Black
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Care Partners

Physical activity (PA) participation provides functional and social benefits for persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but PA participation in these populations is low. To support health promotion initiatives for cognitively impaired older adults, this study explored the perceptions, experiences, and beliefs of older adults with cognitive impairment and their caregivers concerning PA. Ten care dyads (community-dwelling adult aged ≥65 years diagnosed with MCI or mild-to-moderate AD and their care partner) participated in semi-structured interviews informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework about their PA perceptions, experiences, and beliefs. Interpretive phenomenological analysis of interview transcripts yielded 4 emergent themes: (1) PA as a meaningful activity, (2) experience versus evidence as motivating, (3) participation is possible despite dementia, and (4) care partners as enablers. Findings from this study address a research gap concerning the PA perceptions, experiences, and beliefs of cognitively impaired older adults and their care partners. Novelty Older adults with MCI/AD want to and are capable of engaging in PA. Care partners are critical supporters of PA participation in MCI/AD. Adapted health promotion strategies could enhance PA in MCI/AD.

Educational intervention to improve palliative care knowledge among informal caregivers of cognitively impaired older adults

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Hyunjin Noh ◽  
Lewis H. Lee ◽  
Chorong Won
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Educational Intervention ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Informal Caregivers ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Seriously Ill

Abstract Objective Lack of palliative care knowledge among caregivers may pose an access barrier for cognitively impaired older adults, who may benefit from the specialized care. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effectiveness of an educational intervention in improving palliative care knowledge among informal caregivers of cognitively impaired older adults. Method Using a one-group, pre- and post-test intervention design, this study implemented an individual, face-to-face educational intervention with an informational brochure for 43 informal caregivers of chronically or seriously ill older adults (50+) with cognitive impairment, recruited from communities in West Alabama. Their level of knowledge about palliative care was assessed by the Palliative Care Knowledge Scale (PaCKS). The pre- and post-test scores were compared by the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test, and the racial subgroup (Whites vs. Blacks) comparison was made by the Mann–Whitney U test. Results There was a statistically significant difference between the pre- and post-test scores (z = 5.38, p < 0.001), indicating a statistically significant effect of the educational intervention in improving palliative care knowledge among participants. There was a significant difference (U = 143, p < 0.05) between Whites and Blacks in the pre-test, which, however, disappeared in the post-test (U = 173.50, p > 0.05), suggesting that the amount of increased PaCKS scores were significantly greater for Blacks (Mdn = 9.50) than for Whites (Mdn = 4.00, U = 130.50, p < 0.05). Significance of results This study demonstrated that a one-time educational intervention can improve the level of palliative care knowledge among informal caregivers of chronically or seriously ill older adults with cognitive impairment, particularly among Black caregivers. Therefore, further educational efforts can be made to promote palliative care knowledge and reduce racial disparities in palliative care knowledge and its use.

scholarly journals Muscular Function: An alternative way to identify cognitive impairment, Secondary Analysis From SABE-Colombia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elkin Garcia-Cifuentes ◽  
Felipe Botero-Rodríguez ◽  
Felipe Ramirez Velandia ◽  
Angela Iragorri ◽  
Isabel Marquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Recall Memory

Abstract Background Traditionally, the identification of cognitive impairment is based on neuropsychological tests and supported with not widely available biomarkers. This study aimed to establish the association between motor function (Gait Speed and Handgrip Strength) and the performance in a global cognitive performance and various cognitive domains. Our secondary objective was to determine a cut-off point for Gait Speed and Handgrip Strength to classify older adults as cognitively impaired. Methods This is a secondary analysis from the SABE Colombia study (Health, Well-Being, and Aging) conducted in 2015. We performed linear regression models, to establish association with motor function, clinical, and sociodemographic variables, and predict the scores of the Mini-mental State Examination and its domains (i.e. orientation, recall, counting, and language). The evaluation of the motor function variables as an instrument to separate cognitively impaired older adults was evaluated by developing a receiving operating characteristic curve (ROC). Results Gait speed was associated with orientation (r2 = 0.16), language (r2 = 0.15), recall memory (r2 = 0.14) and counting (r2 = 0.08). Similarly, handgrip strength was associated with orientation (r2 = 0.175), language (r2 = 0.164), recall memory (r2 = 0.137), and counting (r2 = 0.08). Slow gait had a cut-off point of 0,59 m/s, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.629 (0.613–0.646), whereas a weak handgrip strength had an AUC of 0.653 (0.645–0.661), with a cut-off point of 17.50 Kg for separating those older adults with cognitive impairment. Conclusions Gait Speed or Handgrip Strength are similarly associated with cognitive performance, exhibiting the larger associations with orientation and language domains. Gait Speed and Handgrip Strength can be easily performed by any clinician and seems to be useful screening tools to detect cognitive impairment.

scholarly journals Exploring Cognitively Loaded Physical Activity Compared With Control to Improve Global Cognitive Function in Older Community-Dwelling Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment: Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
pp. 155982761987688
Author(s):  
Kristina Zawaly ◽  
Richard Fortier ◽  
Stephen Buetow ◽  
Lynette Tippett ◽  
Ngaire Kerse
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Global Cognitive Function ◽  
Global Cognition

Objective. A systematic review with a meta-analysis explored effects of cognitively loaded physical activity interventions on global cognition in community-dwelling older adults (≥65 years of age) experiencing mild cognitive impairment (MCI), compared to any control. Methods. A literature search was conducted in 4 databases (MEDLINE [OvidSP], PubMed, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials [Wiley]) from inception until January 30, 2018. The meta-analysis was conducted with Review Manager 5.3. Results. Six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 547 participants were identified. The interventions ranged from 4 to 52 weeks. Baseline and initial follow-up assessments were used. The primary pooled analysis of all RCTs demonstrated a nonsignificant trivial effect (standardized mean difference [SMD] 0.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.44 to 0.58) favoring the intervention. In pooled subanalysis of 4 RCTs (n = 405) using the same global cognition measure (Mini-Mental State Examination) and duration of intervention >12 weeks, the intervention group achieved a small but significant improvement for global cognition (SMD 0.45, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.75). Conclusion. When all the RCTs were pooled, the effect of cognitively loaded physical activity intervention on global cognitive function in older adults with MCI remained unclear. The subgroup analysis provides translation evidence for future RCT study designs.

scholarly journals Physical Activity in the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Etnier
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Additional Funding ◽  
Promising Area

Alzheimer's disease is a chronic illness characterized by clinical cognitive impairment. A behavioral strategy that is being explored in the prevention of Alzheimer's disease is physical activity. Evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) testing the effects of physical activity for cognitively normal older adults supports that physical activity benefits cognitive performance. Evidence from prospective studies supports a protective effect of physical activity with reductions in the risk of cognitive decline ranging from 28% to 45%. RCTs with cognitively impaired older adults also generally support positive effects with greater benefits evident for aerobic interventions. Research examining the potential moderating role of apolipoprotein E (APOE) has yielded mixed results, but the majority of the studies support that physical activity most benefits those who are at greatest genetic risk of Alzheimer's disease. Future directions for research are considered with an emphasis on the need for additional funding to support this promising area of research.

Interactive Effects of Physical Activity and Cognitive Activity on Cognition in Older Adults Without Mild Cognitive Impairment or Dementia

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 1008-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon Halloway ◽  
Michael E. Schoeny ◽  
JoEllen Wilbur ◽  
Lisa L. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Clinical Evaluations ◽  
Cognitive Activities ◽  
Parallel Growth

Objective: The purpose of this secondary analysis was to test effects of interactions between accelerometer-measured physical activity and self-reported cognitive activity on cognition in older adults without cognitive impairment. Method: Participants were 742 older adults from the Rush Memory and Aging Project who completed annual clinical evaluations. A series of parallel growth models tested effects of interactions between physical activity and cognitive activity on cognition (global index, five domains) at Year 5, controlling for demographics, health factors, and corresponding cognition measures at Year 1. Results: Results were mixed, with significant physical and cognitive activity interactive effects for working and semantic memory. In models without interactions, higher physical and cognitive activities at Year 1 and less decline in cognitive activity over time were independently associated with better cognition at Year 5. Discussion: These findings may inform interventions that enhance physical and cognitive activities to prevent cognitive impairment in older adults.

scholarly journals The Sequence of Physical and Cognitive Impairment and the Association with Mortality Among Unimpaired Older Mexican Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. 1386-1392
Author(s):  
Brian Downer ◽  
Sadaf Milani ◽  
Rebeca Wong
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Physical Impairments ◽  
Aging Study ◽  
Mexican Adults

Abstract Background Many older adults become physically and cognitively impaired. However, it is unclear whether unimpaired older adults are more likely to become physically or cognitively impaired first and if this sequence impacts mortality risk. Methods Data came from the Mexican Health and Aging Study. The sample included 1,283 participants aged ≥60 years who were physically and cognitively unimpaired in 2001. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate probabilities of being unimpaired, cognitively impaired only, physically impaired only, or cognitively-physically impaired in 2003. Proportional hazard models were used to estimate mortality risk through 2015 according to physical and cognitive status in 2003. Results The probabilities for being unimpaired, physically impaired only, cognitively impaired only, and cognitively-physically impaired in 2003 were 0.45, 0.22, 0.19, and 0.13, respectively. Older age, female sex, and arthritis were associated with significantly greater probability of becoming physically impaired only than cognitively impaired only in 2003. Cognitive impairment only (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09–1.85) in 2003 but not physical impairment only (HR = 1.22, 95% CI = 0.94–1.58) was associated with greater mortality than being unimpaired in 2003. Cognitively-physically impaired participants had higher mortality risk than participants who were physically (HR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.18–2.12) or cognitively (HR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.01–1.84) impaired only. Discussion The likelihood of becoming only physically or cognitively impaired over 2 years varies by demographic and health characteristics. The mortality risk for unimpaired older adults who become cognitively impaired only is similar to those who become physically impaired only. Research should determine if the sequence of cognitive and physical impairments is associated with other outcomes.

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