An integrative theoretical model to predict positive aspects of caregiving in dementia

Abstract Family caregiving for dementia is the crucial informal care resource to buffer the associated disease burden. Whereas substantial research focused on ameliorating the caregiving burden through increasing their coping resources, least attention is placed on how to promotive their positive aspects of caregiving (PAC). This longitudinal exploratory study aimed at testingWhereas the perceived self-efficacy was further enriched in the context of good social sup an integrative theoretical model which attempts to explain the evolvement of PAC from the paradigm of stress and coping and existentialism. From to June 2017 to April 2020, we have recruited a total of 403 dementia caregivers from the a geriatric clinic in Hong Kong (mean age = 56.2, SD = 12.2; child-caregiver: 73.9%). About 61% of them were taking care of PwD of moderate to severe dementia. Validated instruments were used to measure the hypothesized model constructs. By using path analysis, it was found that PAC was evolved from two conditions, including i) perceived self-efficacy developed through active coping strategies for carers with good to moderate social support and ii) meaning-focused coping in the context of high religiosity, better social support and active coping. Data-model fit was evident by RMSEA = 0.023, CFI = 0.994, NFI = 0.968 and AIC = 97.762. The findings suggested that PAC was evolved from the interaction of the stress-coping and meaning-making process. Empowering carers for successful caregiving experience, facilitating them to make meaning in the process, enhancing good dyadic relationship and social support are crucial to cultivate PAC.

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Objective and Subjective Dementia Caregiving Burden: The Moderating Role of Immanent Justice Reasoning and Social Support

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17020455 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 455 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yanchun Cao ◽

Fan Yang

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Meaning Making ◽

Short Version ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Subjective Burden ◽

Dementia Caregivers ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Caregiving Burden ◽

Dementia Caregiving

Caregiving burden significantly effects the physical and mental health of family dementia caregivers. While the association between objective caregiving burden (OCB) and subjective caregiving burden (SCB) of family dementia caregivers is well documented, little is known as with how the association is moderated by the configuration of intrapersonal resource (e.g., immanent justice reasoning) and interpersonal resource (e.g., social support). The present study collected cross-sectional data on 157 major family caregivers of non-institutionalized persons with dementia in an urbanizing region of Western China’s Sichuan Province. They responded to questions on daily time spent on caregiving, the short version of Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), a sub-scale of a caregiver meaning scale, Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), and demographic questions. Controlling for the demographic variables of the caregivers, this study found that the objective and subjective dementia caregiving burden were significantly associated (p < 0.001), and immanent justice reasoning was positively correlated with subjective burden (p < 0.01). Moreover, the association between OCB and SCB was significantly positive when social support and immanent justice reasoning were both high (p < 0.001), but neutral when social support was high and immanent justice reasoning was low. The association between OCB and SCB was significantly positive when social support and immanent justice reasoning were both low (p < 0.05), but neutral when social support was low and immanent justice reasoning was high. This research suggests the importance of developing intervention programs that consider the configuration of the external supporting resources and internal meaning-making of caregiving of the family dementia caregivers.

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Job Control and Social Support as Coping Resources in Job Satisfaction

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.94.2.449-456 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 94 (2) ◽

pp. 449-456 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Akihito Shimazu ◽

Miyuki Shimazu ◽

Tsutomu Odahara

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Job Satisfaction ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Regression ◽

Job Demands ◽

Active Coping ◽

Job Control ◽

Coping Resources ◽

Hierarchical Multiple Regression

This study examined the effects of active coping on job satisfaction in the context of the job demands-control-support model. Participants were 867 employees (811 men and 56 women, M age = 35.2 yr.) of a large electrical company in Japan. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis examined whether effects of active coping on job satisfaction might depend on the extent of coping resources, such as job control or social support (supervisor and coworker). Analysis showed that the effect of active coping on job satisfaction depended on the extent of coworkers' support, not on job control and supervisors' support.

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Spirituality and self-efficacy in dementia family caregiving: trust in God and in yourself

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610212001287 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 24 (12) ◽

pp. 1943-1952 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

J. Lopez ◽

R. Romero-Moreno ◽

M. Marquez-González ◽

A. Losada

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Behavioral Problems ◽

Family Caregiving ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Well Being ◽

Personal Resources ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Spiritual Meaning ◽

High Social Support

ABSTRACTBackground: Research indicates that spirituality and self-efficacy have been associated with higher levels of caregivers’ well-being. However, these two concepts have rarely been examined simultaneously. The aim of this study was to analyze the combined effect of spirituality and self-efficacy on the caregiving stress process.Methods: The study design was cross-sectional. Dementia family caregivers (n = 122) were assessed in relation to the following variables: stressors (time since caregiving began, daily hours caring, frequency of behavioral problems, patient's functional status); appraisal (caregiver's appraisal of behavioral problems), caregiver's personal resources (self-efficacy, spiritual meaning, social support), and outcomes (depression and anxiety).Results: Participants were divided into four groups corresponding to four profiles defined by their scores on spiritual meaning and self-efficacy: LELS = Low self-efficacy and low spirituality; HELS = High self-efficacy and low spirituality; LEHS = Low self-efficacy and high spirituality; and HEHS = High self-efficacy and high spirituality. No differences were found between groups in stressors, appraisal, or personal resources. Caregivers in the HEHS group had significantly less depression compared to the LEHS group. Regression analysis showed that being a HEHS caregiver, low appraisal of behavioral problems and high social support were associated with low caregiver depression. Only high appraisal of behavioral problems was associated with high levels of anxiety.Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that spirituality and self-efficacy had an additive effect on caregivers’ well-being. A high sense of spiritual meaning and a high self-efficacy, in combination, was associated with lower levels of depression in caregivers.

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Psychosocial coping resources and health among Germans and Poles

Polish Psychological Bulletin ◽

10.2478/v10059-011-0016-8 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 114-122 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Harry Schrőder ◽

Konrad Reschke ◽

Angelika Gärtner ◽

Łukasz Kaczmarek ◽

Helena Sęk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Social Support ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Coping Resources ◽

West Germany ◽

Proactive Coping ◽

Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽

Mental Health Questionnaire

Psychosocial coping resources and health among Germans and Poles Culture has a substantial impact on mechanism of coping with stress and related health outcomes. We proposed a model emphasizing the mediating role of coping resources and competences in the relationship between controllability of demands in professional/educational life and health in the cross-cultural context. The model is based on the transactional model of stress. 595 participants from East Germany, West Germany and Poland completed: Sense of Coherence Scale SOC-9, Self-Esteem Scale, Social Support Scale, Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale, Proactive Coping Inventory, Scale of Demands in Professional Life, Brief Stress Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale and Mental Health Questionnaire. The results have shown the general cross-cultural validity of the proposed mediational model but also indicated some cultural differences in the determinants of health. Germans had higher self-esteem and social support. Poles had higher self-efficacy and used proactive coping strategies more often. Self-esteem was the strongest predictor of mental health in both nations. We discussed the results within a broad interpretive framework of social transitions.

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