scholarly journals Diabetes Diagnosis, Social Support, and Health Behavior Changes in Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 108-108
Author(s):  
Weidi Qin
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
Diabetes Diagnosis ◽  
Health Promoting Behaviors ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Health Behavior Changes

Abstract The growing disease burden of diabetes in older adults highlights the importance of health-promoting behaviors in this population. A new diagnosis of diabetes can be a teachable moment that motivates older adults to engage in health behavior changes. Guided by the convoy model of social relations, social support from family and friends may influence health behaviors, and moderate the effects of a diabetes diagnosis on health behaviors. The current study investigates health behavior changes in drinking, smoking, and physical activity before and after a diabetes diagnosis, and whether social support moderates the relationships. A sample of 13,143 older adults without diabetes at baseline were selected from the Health and Retirement Study, and followed up for six waves. Social support from family and friends were measured separately. Mixed-effects regression models were performed. Sampling weights were adjusted to generate population estimates. After a diabetes diagnosis, older adults reduced alcohol consumption and were more likely to quit smoking. More social support from family was associated with decreased alcohol consumption, and more social support from friends was associated with increased physical activity. Significant interaction between social support from family and diabetes diagnosis was found. Specifically, among older adults with a diabetes diagnosis, more social support from family was associated with less drinking and smoking cessation. The study findings suggest that health practitioners can consider the timing of diabetes diagnosis to facilitate health behavior changes. Furthermore, diabetes educators can help older adults mobilize support from family and friends to better engage in health-promoting behaviors.

Social Influences on Physical Activity in Older Adults: A Review

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Chogahara ◽  
Sandra O’Brien Cousins ◽  
Leonard M. Wankel
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Social Influences ◽  
Health Promoting Behaviors ◽  
Activity Settings ◽  
The Social ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Aging Adults

The interpersonal relationships of older adults have long been recognized as important determinants for their physical activity involvement. To date, researchers in this field have tended to focus on positive social influences, such as social support. Furthermore, in most studies, operational definitions of social support have stressed the source of the support (e.g., family support and friend support) rather than the nature of the support provided by these groups and individuals. In order to clarify the social context of physical activity among older adults, more attention should be paid to exploring both positive and negative social influences on physical activity. The objectives of this paper were to consolidate current findings concerning social influences and physical activity among aging adults, and to identify major positive and negative social influences from the literature that are associated with physical activity and health-promoting behaviors among aging adults. The development of a more comprehensive and representative method of measuring social influences in physical activity settings is advocated.

scholarly journals Can social support predict health-promoting behaviors among community-dwelling older adults?

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akram Shahrokhi ◽  
Leila Khami ◽  
SeyedehAmeneh Motalebi ◽  
Fatemeh Mohammadi ◽  
Maryam Momeni
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Health Promoting Behaviors ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

scholarly journals Self-Efficacy of Exercise in Older Adults with Diabetes: A Concept Analysis

Jurnal NERS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Somsak Thojampa ◽  
Chawapon Sarnkhaowkhom ◽  
Sirikanok Khankhajhon ◽  
Roongtiva Boonpracom ◽  
Amaraporn Puraya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Concept Analysis ◽  
Clinical Usefulness ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
Thai People ◽  
Health Behavior Changes

Introduction: Self-efficacy is defined as a person’s own judgment of their capabilities to perform a specific activity to attain a particular outcome. The concept of self-efficacy of exercise in older adults with diabetes may still be unclear, so it is essential to elucidate its meaning for better understanding in this concept. This paper aims to explore the meaning of self-efficacy with regard to exercise in older adults with diabetes.Methods: Using the Walker and Avant concept analysis, it discusses cases showing diabetic Thai people and how they manage their health behavior changes, such as with exercise.Results: Analysis of the concept of self-efficacy in terms of its defining attributes, antecedents, consequences, and empirical referents provides information related to clinical usefulness. It helps healthcare professionals communicate the same notion when discussing self-efficacy and can distinguish this concept from other related concepts.Conclusion: Analysis of the concept of self-efficacy provides information related to exercise in older adults and can assist healthcare professionals in communicating the same notion when discussing the concept. 

The Relationship Between Health-Promoting Behaviors and Metabolic Syndrome in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 549-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzu-Ting Wu ◽  
I-Ju Chen ◽  
Shu-Ling Cho ◽  
Ai-Fu Chiou
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Health Promoting Behaviors ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Poor health-promoting behaviors increase the risk of chronic disease and disability in older adults. Nevertheless, the predictors of health-promoting behaviors and their relationship with metabolic syndrome have been poorly characterized in older Taiwanese adults. Objective: To explore the determinants of health-promoting behaviors in community-dwelling older adults in Taiwan and the relationship of health-promoting behaviors with metabolic syndrome. Methods: A cross-sectional design was used. A convenience sample of 200 community residents aged 60 years and over was recruited from two large communities in New Taipei City, Taiwan. Data collection included physical examination and a structured questionnaire including measures of health status, health-promoting behaviors, self-efficacy, social support, and metabolic syndrome. Results: Metabolic syndrome was found in 60% of older Taiwanese adults. These participants had higher scores in interpersonal relationships but lower scores in physical activity. Half of the health-promoting behaviors were explained by behavior-specific cognitions and affect, and 44% of behavior-specific cognitions and affect was explained by the health status of the older adult. Conclusions: Physical activity should be promoted in older Taiwanese adults. Positive behavior-specific cognitions and affect and better health status might impact the health-promoting behaviors of these adults.

scholarly journals Motivational Strategies to Prevent Frailty in Older Adults with Diabetes: A Focused Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Vaccaro ◽  
T. Gaillard ◽  
F. G. Huffman ◽  
E. R. Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Health Care Use ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
Motivational Strategies ◽  
Frail Older Adults ◽  
Health Behavior Changes

The prevalence of diabetes among Americans aged 65 years and older is greater than 25%. Medical expenditures for persons with diabetes are more than twice as high as those for patients without diabetes. Diabetes in older adults often times coexists with frailty, resulting in reduced quality of life and increased health-care use. Many older adults with type 2 diabetes have mobility impairments and experience falls, which contributes to increased frailty. Exercise has a protective effect for frailty and falls, yet less than half of persons with diabetes exercise and approximately one-quarter meet exercise recommendations. In addition to exercise, nutrition may help reduce the risk for falls; however, nutritional interventions have not been tested as a fall-prevention intervention. According to a review, there is insufficient evidence to create nutritional guidelines specific for frail older adults with type 2 diabetes. There is a need to motivate and empower older adults with type 2 diabetes to make lifestyle changes to prevent frailty. The purpose of this review was to identify and integrate what is known and what still needs to be done for this population to be successful in making health behavior changes to reduce frailty. There is some evidence that motivational approaches have worked for older adults with various chronic disease conditions. However, studies applying motivational strategies are lacking for frail older adults with type 2 diabetes. A novel motivational approach was described; it combines aspects of the Health Belief Model and Motivational Interviewing. Intervention studies incorporating this model are needed to determine whether this client-driven strategy can help various racial/ethnic populations make the sustainable health behavior changes of increasing exercise and healthy eating while taking into consideration physiological, psychological, and economic barriers.

scholarly journals Health Behavior Changes During COVID-19 Pandemic and Subsequent “Stay-at-Home” Orders

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Knell ◽  
Michael C. Robertson ◽  
Erin E. Dooley ◽  
Katie Burford ◽  
Karla S. Mendez
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Parental Status ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Job Status ◽  
Health Behavior Changes ◽  
At Home

The COVID-19 pandemic, and resultant “Stay-at-Home” orders, may have impacted adults’ positive health behaviors (sleep, physical activity) and negative health behaviors (alcohol consumption, drug use, and tobacco use). The purpose of this study was to investigate how these health behaviors changed (increased/improved or decreased/worsened) at the early stages of the pandemic, what participant characteristics were associated with health behavior changes, and why these behavioral changes may have occurred. A convenience sample of 1809 adults residing in the United States completed a 15-min self-report questionnaire in April and May 2020. Multinomial logistic regressions and descriptive statistics were used to evaluate how, for whom, and why these health behaviors changed. Participants were primarily female (67.4%), aged 35–49 years (39.8%), college graduates (83.3%), non-tobacco users (74.7%), and had previously used marijuana (48.6%). Overall, participants primarily reported a decrease in physical activity, while sleep and all of the negative health behaviors remained the same. Changes in negative health behaviors were related (p < 0.05) to sex, age, parental status, educational status, job status, BMI, and depression scores. Changes in positive health behaviors were related (p < 0.05) to sex, parental status, job status, and depression scores. Having more time available during the pandemic was the most commonly cited reason for changing health behaviors (negative and positive). Public health efforts should address the potential for long-term health consequences due to behavior change during COVID-19.

scholarly journals Can Health-Promoting Schools Contribute to Better Health Behaviors? Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Dietary Habits among Israeli Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1183
Author(s):  
Hila Beck ◽  
Riki Tesler ◽  
Sharon Barak ◽  
Daniel Sender Moran ◽  
Adilson Marques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Time Behavior ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
The Mean

Schools with health-promoting school (HPS) frameworks are actively committed to enhancing healthy lifestyles. This study explored the contribution of school participation in HPS on students’ health behaviors, namely, physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior, and dieting. Data from the 2018/2019 Health Behavior in School-aged Children study on Israeli adolescents aged 11–17 years were used. Schools were selected from a sample of HPSs and non-HPSs. Between-group differences and predictions of health behavior were analyzed. No between-group differences were observed in mean number of days/week with at least 60 min of PA (HPS: 3.84 ± 2.19 days/week, 95% confidence interval of the mean = 3.02–3.34; non-HPS: 3.93 ± 2.17 days/week, 95% confidence interval of the mean = 3.13–3.38). Most children engaged in screen time behavior for >2 h/day (HPS: 60.83%; non-HPS: 63.91%). The odds of being on a diet were higher among more active children (odds ratio [OR] = 1.20), higher socio-economic status (OR = 1.23), and female (OR = 2.29). HPS did not predict any health behavior. These findings suggest that HPSs did not contribute to health behaviors more than non-HPSs. Therefore, health-promoting activities in HPSs need to be improved in order to justify their recognition as members of the HPS network and to fulfill their mission.

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