scholarly journals The Wisconsin Longitudinal Study: New Cognitive, Genetic, Biological, and Social Data and a Diversifying Sample

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 222-222
Author(s):  
Michal Engelman
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Socioeconomic Background ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Polygenic Scores ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Wisconsin Longitudinal Study

Abstract The Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS) has followed a sample of one in three Wisconsin high school graduates from the class of 1957 for over 64 years, making it an excellent data source for researchers interested in linking early and midlife characteristics to a wide range of later-life outcomes. The WLS is unique among major studies of aging cohorts for its duration of follow up, the inclusion of siblings, and the combination of rich social and health information. This symposium will provide an overview of the WLS, describe recent data collection and linkages, and introduce ongoing efforts to diversify the educational and racial/ethnic composition of the study sample. WLS data cover nearly every aspect of the participants’ lives from early life socioeconomic background, schooling, family, and work, to physical and mental health, social participation, civic engagement, well-being, and cognition. The study is linked to administrative data including Medicare records, Social Security records, mortality records, and resource data on primary and secondary schools attended by participants as well as characteristics of their employers, industries, and communities of residence. Recent data collection efforts have generated a wealth of new biological and cognitive information, including genetic data collected from saliva and blood samples, measures of the gut microbiome, and derived polygenic scores for educational attainment, cognitive performance, depression, and subjective well-being. The currently-fielding ILIAD effort is implementing rigorous AD diagnostic protocols to track the progression of dementia across cognitive phenotypes. The symposium will conclude with practical information on accessing and using the data.

scholarly journals Job Characteristics, Job Preferences, and Physical and Mental Health in Later Life

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 237802311983600
Author(s):  
Jessica Halliday Hardie ◽  
Jonathan Daw ◽  
S. Michael Gaddis
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Job Characteristics ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Job Preferences ◽  
Wisconsin Longitudinal Study ◽  
The Life Course

Existing research linking socioeconomic status with work focuses primarily on the precursors (educational attainment) and outcomes (income) of work, rather than asking how diverse facets of work influence health. Using four waves of data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, the authors evaluate whether multiple measures of respondent job characteristics, respondent preferences for those characteristics, and their interaction substantially improve the fit of sociological models of men’s and women’s physical and mental health at midlife and old age compared with traditional models using educational attainment, parental socioeconomic status, and income. The authors find that nonwage job characteristics predict men’s and women’s physical and mental health over the life course, although there is little evidence that the degree to which one’s job accords with one’s job preferences matters for health. These findings expand what is known about how work matters for health, demonstrating how the manner and condition under which one works has lasting impacts on well-being.

Religion and Medicine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Levin ◽  
Stephen G. Post
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Religion And Medicine ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Faith Based ◽  
Baylor University ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

In Religion and Medicine, Dr. Jeff Levin, distinguished Baylor University epidemiologist, outlines the longstanding history of multifaceted interconnections between the institutions of religion and medicine. He traces the history of the encounter between these two institutions from antiquity through to the present day, highlighting a myriad of contemporary alliances between the faith-based and medical sectors. Religion and Medicine tells the story of: religious healers and religiously branded hospitals and healthcare institutions; pastoral professionals involved in medical missions, healthcare chaplaincy, and psychological counseling; congregational health promotion and disease prevention programs and global health initiatives; research studies on the impact of religious and spiritual beliefs and practices on physical and mental health, well-being, and healing; programs and centers for medical research and education within major universities and academic institutions; religiously informed bioethics and clinical decision-making; and faith-based health policy initiatives and advocacy for healthcare reform. Religion and Medicine is the first book to cover the full breadth of this subject. It documents religion-medicine alliances across religious traditions, throughout the world, and over the course of history. It summarizes a wide range of material of relevance to historians, medical professionals, pastors and theologians, bioethicists, scientists, public health educators, and policymakers. The product of decades of rigorous and focused research, Dr. Levin has produced the most comprehensive history of these developments and the finest introduction to this emerging field of scholarship.

scholarly journals Childhood Socioeconomic Status and Later Life Cognition: Evidence From the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 1589-1615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily A. Greenfield ◽  
Sara M. Moorman
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Socioeconomic Differences ◽  
Wisconsin Longitudinal Study ◽  
Childhood Socioeconomic Status

Objectives:This study examined childhood socioeconomic status (SES) as a predictor of later life cognition and the extent to which midlife SES accounts for associations. Methods: Data came from 5,074 participants in the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study. Measures from adolescence included parents’ educational attainment, father’s occupational status, and household income. Memory and language/executive function were assessed at ages 65 and 72 years. Results: Global childhood SES was a stronger predictor of baseline levels of language/executive function than baseline memory. Associations involving parents’ education were reduced in size and by statistical significance when accounting for participants’ midlife SES, whereas associations involving parental income and occupational status became statistically nonsignificant. We found no associations between childhood SES and change in cognition. Discussion: Findings contribute to growing evidence that socioeconomic differences in childhood have potential consequences for later life cognition, particularly in terms of the disparate levels of cognition with which people enter later life.

College Selectivity and Later-Life Memory Function: Evidence From the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-24
Author(s):  
Sarah Garcia ◽  
Sara M. Moorman
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Later Life ◽  
College Attendance ◽  
Achievement Level ◽  
Selective College ◽  
College Selectivity ◽  
Memory Functioning ◽  
Wisconsin Longitudinal Study

Research has shown a consistent association between college completion and laterlife cognition. We extend this work by examining whether college selectivity—the achievement level required to gain admission to a college—is associated with memory functioning more than 50 years later. We analyze data from 10,317 participants in the 1957–2011 Wisconsin Longitudinal Study to examine the relationship between college selectivity and later-life memory. Models control for childhood, midlife socioeconomic status, and later-life health and adjust for selection bias. Selective college attendance was associated with small benefits in memory at age of 72 even after accounting for socioeconomic status in both childhood and midlife and later-life health. The results of this study suggest that college selectivity may be an important component of the education–cognitive functioning relationship that has modest implications for intracohort differences in later-life cognition.

scholarly journals Flow and Engagement at Work: A Literature Review

Psico-USF ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Sanford Ayres Farina ◽  
Gabriel dos Reis Rodrigues ◽  
Claudio S. Hutz
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Work Engagement ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Business Success ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Worker Performance ◽  
Work Psychology ◽  
Labor Resources

Abstract In the light of Positive Organizational and Work Psychology, flow and engagement are related with well-being and business success. This study examines the relationships between flow and work engagement,while presenting the main concepts about them. A literature review was carried out. Data collection were based on the research for studies with the descriptors “flow” and “engagement”, “personal resources”, “labor resources” and related terms. This search resulted in 49 studies, which were read and classified according to information about content, year of publication, definitions, types and associated concepts. Among the findings, flow and engagement are linked to superior results in business, worker performance and life satisfaction. Studies point to a wide range of applications, but there is still a need for further research.

Autism Spectrum Disorders in Later Life

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye In (Jane) Hwang ◽  
Kitty-Rose Foley ◽  
Samuel Arnold ◽  
Julian Trollor
Keyword(s):  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Biological Marker ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Autistic Adults

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), or autism, is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is typically recognized and diagnosed in childhood. There is no established biological marker for autism; rather, the diagnosis is made based on observation of behavioral traits, including (a) persistent deficits in social interaction and communication, and (b) restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. Because autism is a spectrum disorder, autistic individuals are a highly heterogeneous group and differ widely in the presentation and severity of their symptoms. The established prevalence of ASD is approximately 1% of the population. Information about autism in adulthood is limited; most of the literature examines childhood and adolescence. While the term “later life” has traditionally been associated with those over the age of 65, a dire lack of understanding exists for those on the autism spectrum beyond early adulthood. Individuals remain on the spectrum into later life, though some mild improvements in symptoms are observed over time. Autistic adults experience high levels of physical and mental health comorbidities. Rates of participation in employment and education are also lower than that of the general population. Quality of life is reportedly poorer for autistic adults than for nonautistic peers, though this is not affected by age. More robust studies of the health, well-being, and needs of autistic adults are needed, especially qualitative investigations of adulthood and aging and longitudinal studies of development over the lifespan.

scholarly journals No effect of different types of media on well-being

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niklas Johannes ◽  
Tobias Dienlin ◽  
Hasan Bakhshi ◽  
Andrew K. Przybylski
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Video Games ◽  
New Media ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Media Types ◽  
Media Research ◽  
The Uk

AbstractIt is often assumed that traditional forms of media such as books enhance well-being, whereas new media do not. However, we lack evidence for such claims and media research is mainly focused on how much time people spend with a medium, but not whether someone used a medium or not. We explored the effect of media use during one week on well-being at the end of the week, differentiating time spent with a medium and use versus nonuse, over a wide range of different media types: music, TV, films, video games, (e-)books, (digital) magazines, and audiobooks. Results from a six-week longitudinal study representative of the UK population 16 years and older (N = 2159) showed that effects were generally small; between-person relations but rarely within-person effects; mostly for use versus nonuse and not time spent with a medium; and on affective well-being, not life satisfaction.

scholarly journals COMPOSITE MEASURES FOR MULTIDIMENSIONAL SOCIAL EXCLUSION: AN APPLICATION TO THE IRISH LONGITUDINAL STUDY ON AGEING

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S803-S803
Author(s):  
Sinead Keogh ◽  
Stephen O’ Neill ◽  
Kieran Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Composite Measure ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
Linear Aggregation

Abstract The measurement of the complex, multidimensional and dynamic concept of old-age social exclusion has been constrained due to theoretical and methodological challenges as well as a reliance on secondary data sources not designed to collect social exclusion indicators. Limitations in measuring social exclusion in later life hinder the expansion of our empirical and conceptual understanding of social exclusion. In this paper, we seek to address these limitations by developing a composite measure of old-age social exclusion using three methods: 1) normalisation through re-scaling with linear aggregation, 2) a sum-of-scores approach with an applied threshold and, 3) classification and regression trees (CART), a machine learning approach. Using the conceptual framework of old-age exclusion presented by Walsh et al., (2017), these three approaches are applied empirically with data from Wave 1 of The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA). The measures are assessed in terms of their ability to explain a validated measure of psychological well-being. Results suggest that despite the challenges associated with secondary data and measurement techniques that implicitly measure social exclusion, the newly proposed composite measure computed using CART performed better than the other two measures which are more prevalent in the literature.

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